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Author (up) Allcroft, D. J.; Tolkamp, B. J.; Glasbey, C. A.; Kyriazakis, I.
Title The importance of `memory' in statistical models for animal feeding behaviour Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.
Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages 99-109
Keywords Cow; Feeding data; Bouts; Memory; Satiety; Latent structure; Model comparison
Abstract We investigate models for animal feeding behaviour, with the aim of improving understanding of how animals organise their behaviour in the short term. We consider three classes of model: hidden Markov, latent Gaussian and semi-Markov. Each can predict the typical `clustered' feeding behaviour that is generally observed, however they differ in the extent to which `memory' of previous behaviour is allowed to affect future behaviour. The hidden Markov model has `lack of memory', the current behavioural state being dependent on the previous state only. The latent Gaussian model assumes feeding/non-feeding periods to occur by the thresholding of an underlying continuous variable, thereby incorporating some `short-term memory'. The semi-Markov model, by taking into account the duration of time spent in the previous state, can be said to incorporate `longer-term memory'. We fit each of these models to a dataset of cow feeding behaviour. We find the semi-Markov model (longer-term memory) to have the best fit to the data and the hidden Markov model (lack of memory) the worst. We argue that in view of effects of satiety on short-term feeding behaviour of animal species in general, biologically suitable models should allow `memory' to play a role. We conclude that our findings are equally relevant for the analysis of other types of short-term behaviour that are governed by satiety-like principles.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2350
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Author (up) Allen, C.
Title Transitive inference in animals: Reasoning or conditioned associations? Type Book Chapter
Year 2006 Publication Rational Animals? Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 175-186
Keywords
Abstract It is widely accepted that many species of nonhuman animals appear to engage in transitive inference,

producing appropriate responses to novel pairings of non-adjacent members of an ordered series

without previous experience of these pairings. Some researchers have taken this capability as

providing direct evidence that these animals reason. Others resist such declarations, favouring instead

explanations in terms of associative conditioning. Associative accounts of transitive inference have

been refined in application to a simple 5-element learning task that is the main paradigm for

laboratory investigations of the phenomenon, but it remains unclear how well those accounts

generalise to more information-rich environments such as social hierarchies which may contain scores

of individuals, and where rapid learning is important. The case of transitive inference is an example of

a more general dispute between proponents of associative accounts and advocates of more cognitive

accounts of animal behaviour. Examination of the specific details of transitive inference suggests

some lessons for the wider debate.
Address Texas A&M University
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor Hurley, S.; Nudds, M.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 978-0-19-852827-2 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 611
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Author (up) Allen, C.
Title Assessing animal cognition: ethological and philosophical perspectives Type Journal Article
Year 1998 Publication Journal of Animal Science Abbreviated Journal J. Anim Sci.
Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 42-47
Keywords Agriculture; Animal Welfare; Animals; Animals, Domestic/physiology/*psychology; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cognition/*physiology; *Ethology; *Philosophy; Research
Abstract Developments in the scientific and philosophical study of animal cognition and mentality are of great importance to animal scientists who face continued public scrutiny of the treatment of animals in research and agriculture. Because beliefs about animal minds, animal cognition, and animal consciousness underlie many people's views about the ethical treatment of nonhuman animals, it has become increasingly difficult for animal scientists to avoid these issues. Animal scientists may learn from ethologists who study animal cognition and mentality from an evolutionary and comparative perspective and who are at the forefront of the development of naturalistic and laboratory techniques of observation and experimentation that are capable of revealing the cognitive and mental properties of nonhuman animals. Despite growing acceptance of the ethological study of animal cognition, there are critics who dispute the scientific validity of the field, especially when the topic is animal consciousness. Here, a proper understanding of developments in the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of science can help to place cognitive studies on a firm methodological and philosophical foundation. Ultimately, this is an interdisciplinary task, involving scientists and philosophers. Animal scientists are well-positioned to contribute to the study of animal cognition because they typically have access to a large pool of potential research subjects whose habitats are more controlled than in most field studies while being more natural than most laboratory psychology experiments. Despite some formidable questions remaining for analysis, the prospects for progress in assessing animal cognition are bright.
Address Department of Philosophy, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4237, USA
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0021-8812 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:9464883 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2750
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Author (up) Allen, C.; Bekoff, M.
Title Animal Minds, Cognitive Ethology, and Ethics Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication The Journal of Ethics Abbreviated Journal
Volume 11 Issue Pages 299-317
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3400
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Author (up) Allen, D.; Tanner, K.
Title Putting the horse back in front of the cart: using visions and decisions about high-quality learning experiences to drive course design Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication CBE Life Sciences Education Abbreviated Journal CBE Life Sci Educ
Volume 6 Issue 2 Pages 85-89
Keywords Curriculum/*standards; *Decision Making; *Learning; Models, Educational; Schools; Teaching/*methods/*standards
Abstract
Address Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. deallen@udel.edu
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1931-7913 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:17548870 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3999
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Author (up) Allman, J.M.
Title Evolving brains. Type Book Whole
Year 2000 Publication Evolving brains Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords
Abstract How did the human brain with all its manifold capacities evolve from basic functions in simple organisms that lived nearly a billion years ago? John Allman addresses this question in Evolving Brains, a provocative study of brain evolution that introduces readers to some of the most exciting developments in science in recent years.
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Publisher Scientific American Library Place of Publication New York Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 978-0716760382 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5460
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Author (up) Altmann, Dagmar
Title Harnen und Koten bei Säugetieren Type Book Whole
Year 1969 Publication Die neue Brehm-Bücherei Abbreviated Journal
Volume 404 Issue Pages
Keywords
Abstract Ein Beitr. zur vergleichenden Verhaltensforschung. Mit 50 Abb. u. 7 Tab. Wittenberg: Ziemsen 1969. 104 S.(Berliner Tierpark-Buch. 16.) (Die neue Brehm-Bücherei. 404.)
Address
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Publisher Ziemsen Place of Publication Wittenberg Editor
Language German Summary Language Original Title
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Notes from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 637
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Author (up) Altmann, H.J.; Hertel, J.; Drepper, K.
Title [Nutritional physiology of the horse. 3. Protein values in the gastrointestinal tract of slaughtered horses] Type Journal Article
Year 1970 Publication Zeitschrift fur Tierphysiologie, Tierernahrung und Futtermittelkunde Abbreviated Journal Z Tierphysiol Tierernahr Futtermittelkd
Volume 26 Issue 5 Pages 245-252
Keywords Amino Acids/*analysis/biosynthesis; *Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Horses/*physiology; Intestines/analysis
Abstract
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Language German Summary Language Original Title Erhnahrungsphysiologische Untersuchungen beim Pferd. 3. Untersuchungen uber die Proteinwertigkeit im Magendarmtrakt von Schlachtpferen
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0044-3565 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:5519259 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 135
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Author (up) Altmann, H.J.; Weik, H.
Title [Serum fatty acid patterns of phospholipid fractions in horses] Type Journal Article
Year 1971 Publication Zeitschrift fur Tierphysiologie, Tierernahrung und Futtermittelkunde Abbreviated Journal Z Tierphysiol Tierernahr Futtermittelkd
Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 285-288
Keywords Animals; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Fatty Acids/*blood; *Horses; Male; Phospholipids/*blood
Abstract
Address
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language German Summary Language Original Title Fettsaurenmuster der Phospholipidfraktionen im plasma des Pferdes
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0044-3565 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:5141052 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 133
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Author (up) Altmann, J.
Title Observational Study of Behavior: Sampling Methods Type Journal Article
Year 1974 Publication Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Behaviour
Volume 49 Issue 3-4 Pages 227-266
Keywords
Abstract Seven major types of sampling for observational studies of social behavior have been found in the literature. These methods differ considerably in their suitability for providing unbiased data of various kinds. Below is a summary of the major recommended uses of each technique: In this paper, I have tried to point out the major strengths and weaknesses of each sampling method. Some methods are intrinsically biased with respect to many variables, others to fewer. In choosing a sampling method the main question is whether the procedure results in a biased sample of the variables under study. A method can produce a biased sample directly, as a result of intrinsic bias with respect to a study variable, or secondarily due to some degree of dependence (correlation) between the study variable and a directly-biased variable. In order to choose a sampling technique, the observer needs to consider carefully the characteristics of behavior and social interactions that are relevant to the study population and the research questions at hand. In most studies one will not have adequate empirical knowledge of the dependencies between relevant variables. Under the circumstances, the observer should avoid intrinsic biases to whatever extent possible, in particular those that direcly affect the variables under study. Finally, it will often be possible to use more than one sampling method in a study. Such samples can be taken successively or, under favorable conditions, even concurrently. For example, we have found it possible to take Instantaneous Samples of the identities and distances of nearest neighbors of a focal individual at five or ten minute intervals during Focal-Animal (behavior) Samples on that individual. Often during Focal-Animal Sampling one can also record All Occurrences of Some Behaviors, for the whole social group, for categories of conspicuous behavior, such as predation, intergroup contact, drinking, and so on. The extent to which concurrent multiple sampling is feasible will depend very much on the behavior categories and rate of occurrence, the observational conditions, etc. Where feasible, such multiple sampling can greatly aid in the efficient use of research time.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4684
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