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Author Shettleworth, S.J.
Title Foraging, memory, and constraints on learning Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences Abbreviated Journal Ann N Y Acad Sci
Volume 443 Issue Pages 216-226
Keywords Animals; Animals, Wild; *Appetitive Behavior; *Avoidance Learning; Birds; *Conditioning, Classical; Discrimination Learning; Food Preferences; *Memory; *Mental Recall; Motivation; *Predatory Behavior; Rats; *Taste
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0077-8923 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:3860072 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 384
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Author Shettleworth, S.J.; Krebs, J.R.
Title How marsh tits find their hoards: the roles of site preference and spatial memory Type Journal Article
Year 1982 Publication Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
Volume 8 Issue 4 Pages 354-375
Keywords Animals; *Appetitive Behavior; Birds; Cues; Discrimination Learning; *Memory; *Mental Recall; *Orientation; *Space Perception
Abstract Marsh tits (Parus palustris) store single food items in scattered locations and recover them hours or days later. Some properties of the spatial memory involved were analyzed in two laboratory experiments. In the first, marsh tits were offered 97 sites for storing 12 seeds. They recovered a median of 65% of them 2-3 hr later, making only two errors per seed while doing so. Over trials, they used some sites more often than others, but during recovery they were more likely to visit a site of any preference value if they had stored a seed there that day than if they had not. Recovery performance was much worse if the experimenters moved the seeds between storage and recovery. A fixed search strategy that had some of the same average properties as the tits' search behavior also did worse than the real birds. In Experiment 2, any tendency to visit the same sites on successive daily tests in the aviary was placed in opposition to memory for storage sites by allowing the tits to store more seeds 2 hr after storing a first batch. They tended to avoid individual storage sites holding seeds from the first batch. When the tits searched for all the seeds 2 hr later, they tended to recover more seeds from the second batch than from the first, i.e., there was a recency effect.
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ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:7175447 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 385
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Author Shettleworth, S.J.; Juergensen, M.R.
Title Reinforcement and the organization of behavior in golden hamsters: brain stimulation reinforcement for seven action patterns Type Journal Article
Year 1980 Publication Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
Volume 6 Issue 4 Pages 352-375
Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cricetinae; Electric Stimulation; Female; Hypothalamus/*physiology; Male; Medial Forebrain Bundle/physiology; Mesocricetus; *Reinforcement (Psychology)
Abstract Golden hamsters were reinforced with intracranial electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus (ICS) for spending time engaging in one of seven topographically defined action patterns (APs). The stimulation used as reinforcer elicited hoarding and/or feeding and supported high rates of bar pressing. In Experiment 1, hamsters were reinforced successively for digging, open rearing, and face washing. Digging increased most in time spent, and face washing increased least. Experiments 2-5 examined these effects further and also showed that “scrabbling,” like digging, was performed a large proportion of the time, almost without interruption, for contingent ICS but that scratching the body with a hindleg and scent-marking showed relatively little effect of contingent ICS, the latter even in an environment that facilitated marking. In Experiment 6, naive hamsters received ICS not contingent on behavior every 30 sec (fixed-time 30-sec schedule). Terminal behaviors that developed on this schedule were APs that were easy to reinforce in the other experiments, but a facultative behavior, face washing, was one not so readily reinforced. Experiment 7 confirmed a novel prediction from Experiment 6--that wall rearing, a terminal AP, would be performed at a high level for contingent ICS. All together, the results point to both motivational factors and associative factors being involved in the considerable differences in performance among different reinforced activities.
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ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:6968817 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 386
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Author Shettleworth, S.J.
Title Reinforcement and the organization of behavior in golden hamsters: Pavlovian conditioning with food and shock unconditioned stimuli Type Journal Article
Year 1978 Publication Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes Abbreviated Journal J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process
Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 152-169
Keywords Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Conditioning, Classical; Conditioning, Operant; Cricetinae; *Electroshock; Female; *Food; Male; Punishment; *Reinforcement (Psychology); Reinforcement Schedule
Abstract The effects of Pavlovian conditioned stimuli (CSs) for food or shock on a variety of behaviors of golden hamsters were observed in three experiments. The aim was to see whether previously reported differences among the behaviors produced by food reinforcement and punishment procedures could be accounted for by differential effects of Pavlovian conditioning on the behaviors. There was some correspondence between the behaviors observed to the CSs and the previously reported effects of instrumental training. However, the Pavlovian conditioned responses (CRs) alone would not have predicted the effects of instrumental training. Moreover, CRs depended to some extent on the context in which training and testing occurred. These findings, together with others in the literature, suggest that the results of Pavlovian conditioning procedures may not unambiguously predict what system of behaviors will be most readily modified by instrumental training with a given reinforcer.
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ISSN 0097-7403 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:670890 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 387
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Author Mrosovsky, N.; Shettleworth, S.J.
Title Further studies of the sea-finding mechanism in green turtle hatchlings Type Journal Article
Year 1974 Publication Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Behaviour
Volume 51 Issue 3-4 Pages 195-208
Keywords Animals; *Animals, Newborn/physiology; Contact Lenses; Locomotion; *Orientation; Retina/physiology; *Turtles/physiology; Visual Fields; *Visual Perception; Water
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 0005-7959 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:4447586 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 389
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Author Shettleworth, S.J.
Title Stimulus relevance in the control of drinking and conditioned fear responses in domestic chicks (Gallus gallus) Type Journal Article
Year 1972 Publication Journal of comparative and physiological psychology Abbreviated Journal J Comp Physiol Psychol
Volume 80 Issue 2 Pages 175-198
Keywords Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Auditory Perception; Chickens; *Conditioning (Psychology); Conditioning, Classical; Discrimination Learning; *Drinking Behavior; Electroshock; *Fear; *Light; Motor Activity; Photic Stimulation; Punishment; Quinine; *Sound; Taste; Visual Perception
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0021-9940 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:5047826 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 390
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Author Mrosovsky, N.; Shettleworth, S.J.
Title Wavelength preferences and brightness cues in the water finding behaviour of sea turtles Type Journal Article
Year 1968 Publication Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Behaviour
Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 211-257
Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Color Perception; Cues; Light; *Turtles; Water
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ISSN 0005-7959 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:5717260 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 391
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Author Nevin, J.A.; Shettleworth, S.J.
Title An analysis of contrast effects in multiple schedules Type Journal Article
Year 1966 Publication Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior Abbreviated Journal J Exp Anal Behav
Volume 9 Issue 4 Pages 305-315
Keywords Animals; Birds; *Conditioning (Psychology); Conditioning, Operant; Discrimination Learning; *Extinction, Psychological; Male; Reaction Time; *Reinforcement (Psychology)
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0022-5002 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:5961499 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 392
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Author Linklater, W.L.; Cameron, E.Z.; Stafford, K.J.; Austin, T.
Title Chemical immobilisation and temporary confinement of two Kaimanawa feral stallions Type
Year 1998 Publication New Zealand veterinary journal Abbreviated Journal N Z Vet J
Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 117-118
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ISSN 0048-0169 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:16032032 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 412
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Author Beaver, B.V.
Title Aggressive behavior problems Type Journal Article
Year 1986 Publication The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice Abbreviated Journal Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract
Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 635-644
Keywords Affect; Aggression/*psychology; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Dominance-Subordination; Fear; *Horses; Play and Playthings; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Environment
Abstract Accurate diagnosis of the cause of aggression in horses is essential to determining the appropriate course of action. The affective forms of aggression include fear-induced, pain-induced, intermale, dominance, protective, maternal, learned, and redirected aggressions. Non-affective aggression includes play and sex-related forms. Irritable aggression and hypertestosteronism in mares are medical problems, whereas genetic factors, brain dysfunction, and self-mutilation are also concerns.
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0749-0739 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:3492250 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 674
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