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Author Sinclair, A.R.E. openurl 
  Title Serengeti: Dynamics of an Ecosystem Type Book Whole
  Year 1979 Publication Abbreviated Journal (up)  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2346  
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Author Talbot, L.M.; Talbot, M.H. openurl 
  Title The Wildebeest in Western Masailand Type Book Whole
  Year 1963 Publication Abbreviated Journal (up)  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2347  
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Author Cantlon, J.F.; Brannon, E.M. url  openurl
  Title How Much Does Number Matter to a Monkey (Macaca mulatta)? Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 32-41  
  Keywords numerical cognition; Weber's law; nonhuman primates; numerosity  
  Abstract Although many animal species can represent numerical values, little is known about how salient number is relative to other object properties for nonhuman animals. In one hypothesis, researchers propose that animals represent number only as a last resort, when no other properties differentiate stimuli. An alternative hypothesis is that animals automatically, spontaneously, and routinely represent the numerical attributes of their environments. The authors compared the influence of number versus that of shape, color, and surface area on rhesus monkeys' (Macaca mulatta) decisions by testing them on a matching task with more than one correct answer: a numerical match and a nonnumerical (color, surface area, or shape) match. The authors also tested whether previous laboratory experience with numerical discrimination influenced a monkey's propensity to represent number. Contrary to the last-resort hypothesis, all monkeys based their decisions on numerical value when the numerical ratio was favorable.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2891  
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Author Gray, E.R.; Spetch, M.L. url  openurl
  Title Pigeons Encode Absolute Distance but Relational Direction From Landmarks and Walls Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 474-480  
  Keywords spatial cognition; absolute distance; relational direction; landmark configurations  
  Abstract In recent studies, researchers have examined animals' use of absolute or relational distances in finding a hidden goal. When trained with an array of landmarks, most animals use the default strategy of searching at an absolute distance from 1 or more landmarks. In contrast, when trained in enclosures, animals often use the relationship among walls. In the present study, pigeons were trained to find the center of an array of landmarks or a set of short walls that did not block external cues. Expansion tests showed that both groups of pigeons primarily used an absolute distance strategy. However, on rotational tests, pigeons continued to search in the center of the array, suggesting that direction was learned in relation to array.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2894  
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Author Dyer, F.C. url  isbn
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  Title Spatial Cognition: Lessons from Central-place Foraging Insects Type Book Chapter
  Year 1998 Publication Animal Cognition in Nature Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages 119-154  
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  Abstract Summary Spatial orientation has played an extremely important role in the development of ideas about the behavioral capacities of animals. Indeed, as the modern scientific study of animal behavior emerged from its roots in zoology and experimental psychology, studies of spatial orientation figured in the work of many of the pioneering researchers, including Tinbergen (), von ), Watson () and .  
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  Publisher Academic Press Place of Publication London Editor Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil  
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  ISSN ISBN 9780120770304 Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2913  
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Author Smith, W.J. url  isbn
openurl 
  Title Cognitive Implications of an Information-sharing Model of Animal Communication Type Book Chapter
  Year 1998 Publication Animal Cognition in Nature Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages 227-243  
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  Abstract Summary In social communication, one animal signals and another responds. Several cognitive steps are involved as the second animal selects its responses; these steps can be described as follows in terms of an informational model. First, the responding individual must evaluate the information made available by the signaling on the basis of other information, available from sources contextual to the signal. Second, the respondent must fit all of the relevant information into patterns generated from recall of past events (conscious recall is not generally required; pattern fitting is a fundamental skill). Third, conditional predictions must be made; and fourth, the individual must test and modify any of these predictions for which significant consequences exist. Many vertebrate animals appear to respond to signaling with considerable flexibility. Communicative events are thus complex but are by no means intractable. Indeed, communication provides us with excellent opportunities to investigate animal cognition.  
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  Publisher Academic Press Place of Publication London Editor Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil  
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  ISSN ISBN 9780120770304 Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2914  
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Author Beer, C.G. url  isbn
openurl 
  Title Varying Views of Animal and Human Cognition Type Book Chapter
  Year 1998 Publication Animal Cognition in Nature Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages 435-456  
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  Abstract Summary In this chapter I want to stand back from the splendid empirical work on animal cognitive capacities that is the focus of this book, and look at the broader context of cognitive concerns within which the work can be viewed. Indeed even the term `cognitive ethology' currently connotes and denotes more than is represented here, as other collections of articles, such as and , exemplify. I include the current descendants of behavioristic learning theory, evolutionary epistemology, evolutionary psychology and the recent comparative turn that has been taken in cognitive science. These several approaches, despite their considerable overlap, often appear independent and even ignorant of one another. Like the proverbial blind men feeling the hide of an elephant, they touch hands from time to time, yet collectively have only a piecemeal and distributed understanding of the shape of the whole. Although each approach may indeed need the space to work out its own conceptual and methodological preoccupations without confounding interference from other views, a utopian spirit envisages an ultimate coming together, a more comprehensive realization of the synthetic approach to animal cognition that is this book's theme.  
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  Publisher Academic Press Place of Publication London Editor Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil  
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  ISSN ISBN 9780120770304 Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2915  
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Author Ristau, C.A. url  openurl
  Title Language, cognition, and awareness in animals? Type Journal Article
  Year 1983 Publication Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 406 Issue 1 Pages 170-186  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2952  
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Author Verguts, T.; Fias, W. url  openurl
  Title Representation of Number in Animals and Humans: A Neural Model Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication J. Cogn. Neurosci. Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 16 Issue 9 Pages 1493-1504  
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  Abstract This article addresses the representation of numerical information conveyed by nonsymbolic and symbolic stimuli. In a first simulation study, we show how number-selective neurons develop when an initially uncommitted neural network is given nonsymbolic stimuli as input (e.g., collections of dots) under unsupervised learning. The resultant network is able to account for the distance and size effects, two ubiquitous effects in numerical cognition. Furthermore, the properties of the network units conform in detail to the characteristics of recently discovered number-selective neurons. In a second study, we simulate symbol learning by presenting symbolic and nonsymbolic input simultaneously. The same number-selective neurons learn to represent the numerical meaning of symbols. In doing so, they show properties reminiscent of the originally available number-selective neurons, but at the same time, the representational efficiency of the neurons is increased when presented with symbolic input. This finding presents a concrete proposal on the linkage between higher order numerical cognition and more primitive numerical abilities and generates specific predictions on the neural substrate of number processing. N1 -  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2954  
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Author Cox, G.; Ashford, T. url  openurl
  Title Riddle Me This: The Craft and Concept of Animal Mind Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Science Technology Human Values Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 425-438  
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  Abstract This article examines the relations between methods used in both animal work and study and concepts of animal mind. By “animal work” the authors mean humans and animals working together, and by “animal study” they mean the discipline of ethology, especially the emerging area of cognitive ethology. Within these areas the wide range of conceptions of animal mind includes varying emphases on intelligence, forms of rationality and language, cognition, consciousness, and intentionality. The authors' central concern is to elucidate the vocabulary and the concepts which seem necessary to establishing successful working relationships with sheepdogs and gundogs. Their argument moves toward an emphasis on the appreciation of particular intentional states and recognizes that they invariably deploy elements of a moral vocabulary in achieving creative teamwork performances with dogs and other animals. The article concludes by consid enng the relevance of accounts of work with animals for associated considerations of intentionality.  
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  Notes 10.1177/016224399802300404 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2957  
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