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Author Christensen, J.W.; Beekmans, M.; van Dalum, M.; VanDierendonck, M. url  doi
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  Title Effects of hyperflexion on acute stress responses in ridden dressage horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Physiology & Behavior Abbreviated Journal Physiol. Behav.  
  Volume 128 Issue Pages 39-45  
  Keywords Behaviour; Dressage; Horse; Hyperflexion; Rein tension; Stress  
  Abstract The effects of hyperflexion on the welfare of dressage horses have been debated. This study aimed to investigate acute stress responses of dressage horses ridden in three different Head-and-Neck-positions (HNPs). Fifteen dressage horses were ridden by their usual rider in a standardised 10-min dressage programme in either the competition frame (CF), hyperflexion (“Low-Deep-and-Round”; LDR) or a looser frame (LF) in a balanced order on three separate test days. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability parameters (HRV), behaviour and rein tension were recorded during the test. Salivary cortisol concentrations were measured 60min before and 0, 5, 15 and 30min after the test. Rein tension was significantly lower in LF and did not differ between CF and LDR; however approx. 15% of recordings in CF and LDR were above the sensor detection limit of 5kg. The horses had significantly higher cortisol concentrations directly after LDR compared to LF. In addition, the horses showed more distinctive head movements, including head waving, during LDR. There were no significant treatment effects on HR and HRV. In conclusion, the results indicate that LDR may be more stressful to these horses during riding.  
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  ISSN 0031-9384 ISBN (up) Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6507  
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