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Author (up) Gehring, T.M.; VerCauteren, K.C.; Provost, M.L.; Cellar, A.C.
Title Utility of livestock-protection dogs for deterring wildlife from cattle farms Type Journal Article
Year 2010 Publication Wildl. Res. Abbreviated Journal Wildl. Res.
Volume 37 Issue 8 Pages 715-721
Keywords bovine tuberculosis, coyote, grey wolf, livestock protection dog, mesopredators, white-tailed deer, wildlife damage management.
Abstract Context. Livestock producers worldwide are negatively affected by livestock losses because of predators and wildlife-transmitted diseases. In the western Great Lakes Region of the United States, this conflict has increased as grey wolf (Canis lupus) populations have recovered and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have served as a wildlife reservoir for bovine tuberculosis (Myobacterium bovis).Aims. We conducted field experiments on cattle farms to evaluate the effectiveness of livestock-protection dogs (LPDs) for excluding wolves, coyotes (C. latrans), white-tailed deer and mesopredators from livestock pastures.Methods. We integrated LPDs on six cattle farms (treatment) and monitored wildlife use with tracking swaths on these farms, concurrent with three control cattle farms during 2005-2008. The amount of time deer spent in livestock pastures was recorded using direct observation.Key results. Livestock pastures protected by LPDs had reduced use by these wildlife compared with control pastures not protected by LPDs. White-tailed deer spent less time in livestock pastures protected by LPDs compared with control pastures not protected by LPDs.Conclusions. Our research supports the theory that LPDs can be an effective management tool for reducing predation and disease transmission. We also demonstrate that LPDs are not limited to being used only with sheep and goats; they can also be used to protect cattle.Implications. On the basis of our findings, we support the use of LPDs as a proactive management tool that producers can implement to minimise the threat of livestock depredations and transmission of disease from wildlife to livestock. LPDs should be investigated further as a more general conservation tool for protecting valuable wildlife, such as ground-nesting birds, that use livestock pastures and are affected by predators that use these pastures.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6575
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Author (up) Linklater, W.L.; Cameron, E.Z.; Minot, E.O.; Stafford, K.J.
Title Feral horse demography and population growth in the Kaimanawa Ranges, New Zealand Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Wildl. Res. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 119-128
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Abstract Although feral horses are a common management problem in numerous countries, detailed and long-term demographic studies are rare. We measured the age and sex structure, and pregnancy, birth and death rates in a population of 413 feral horses in New Zealand during 1994&#8211;98 and used them to construct a model simulating population growth. Survivorship increased with age (0&#8211;1 years old = 86.8%, 1&#8211;2 = 92.3%, 2&#8211;4 = 92.4%, &#8805;? 4 years old = females 94%, males 97% per annum). Birth sex ratio parity, a slight female bias in the adult sex ratio (92 males per 100 females) and higher adult male survivorship indicated lower average survivorship for young males than females that was not detectable in mortality statistics. Pregnancy and foaling rates for mares &#8805;? 2 years old averaged 79 and 49%, respectively. Foaling rates increased as mares matured (2&#8211;3-year-old mares = 1.9%, 3&#8211;4 = 20.0%, 4&#8211;5 = 42.1%, &#8805;? 5 = 61.5% per annum). Young mares had higher rates of foetal and neonatal mortality (95% of pregnancies failed and/or were lost as neonatal foals in 2&#8211;3-year-old mares, 70.6% in 3&#8211;4, 43.2% in 4&#8211;5, and 31% in mares &#8805;? 5 years old). Population growth was 9.6% per annum (9.5&#8211;9.8, 95% CI) without human-induced mortalities (i.e. r = 0.092). Our model, standardised aerial counts, and historical estimates of annual reproduction suggest that the historical sequence of counts since 1979 has overestimated growth by ~50% probably because of improvements in count effort and technique.</p>
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3695
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