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Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database

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Author Subiaul, F.; Cantlon, J.F.; Holloway, R.L.; Terrace, H.S. doi  openurl
  Title Cognitive imitation in rhesus macaques Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 305 Issue 5682 Pages 407-410  
  Keywords Animals; *Cognition; *Imitative Behavior; *Learning; Macaca mulatta/*physiology/psychology; Male  
  Abstract Experiments on imitation typically evaluate a student's ability to copy some feature of an expert's motor behavior. Here, we describe a type of observational learning in which a student copies a cognitive rule rather than a specific motor action. Two rhesus macaques were trained to respond, in a prescribed order, to different sets of photographs that were displayed on a touch-sensitive monitor. Because the position of the photographs varied randomly from trial to trial, sequences could not be learned by motor imitation. Both monkeys learned new sequences more rapidly after observing an expert execute those sequences than when they had to learn new sequences entirely by trial and error.  
  Address Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. subiaul@aol.com  
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  Notes PMID:15256673 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2839  
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Author Clayton, N.S. url  openurl
  Title COGNITION: An Open Sandwich or an Open Question? Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 305 Issue 5682 Pages 344-  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.1099512 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2955  
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Author Milo, R.; Itzkovitz, S.; Kashtan, N.; Levitt, R.; Alon, U. doi  openurl
  Title Response to Comment on “Network Motifs: Simple Building Blocks of Complex Networks” and “Superfamilies of Evolved and Designed Networks” Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 305 Issue 5687 Pages 1107d  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.1100519 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5031  
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Author Artzy-Randrup, Y.; Fleishman, S.J.; Ben-Tal, N.; Stone, L. doi  openurl
  Title Comment on “Network Motifs: Simple Building Blocks of Complex Networks” and “Superfamilies of Evolved and Designed Networks” Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 305 Issue 5687 Pages 1107c  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.1099334 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5037  
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Author Bloom, P. doi  openurl
  Title Behavior. Can a dog learn a word? Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 304 Issue 5677 Pages 1605-1606  
  Keywords Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; *Dogs; Humans; *Learning; *Memory; *Vocabulary  
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  Address Department of Psychology, Yale University, Post Office Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, USA. paul.bloom@yale.edu  
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  Notes PMID:15192205 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 28  
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Author Kaminski, J.; Call, J.; Fischer, J. url  doi
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  Title Word Learning in a Domestic Dog: Evidence for “Fast Mapping” Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 304 Issue 5677 Pages 1682-1683  
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  Abstract During speech acquisition, children form quick and rough hypotheses about the meaning of a new word after only a single exposure--a process dubbed “fast mapping.” Here we provide evidence that a border collie, Rico, is able to fast map. Rico knew the labels of over 200 different items. He inferred the names of novel items by exclusion learning and correctly retrieved those items right away as well as 4 weeks after the initial exposure. Fast mapping thus appears to be mediated by general learning and memory mechanisms also found in other animals and not by a language acquisition device that is special to humans.  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.1097859 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4678  
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Author Milo, R.; Itzkovitz, S.; Kashtan, N.; Levitt, R.; Shen-Orr, S.; Ayzenshtat, I.; Sheffer, M.; Alon, U. url  doi
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  Title Superfamilies of Evolved and Designed Networks Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 303 Issue 5663 Pages 1538-1542  
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  Abstract Complex biological, technological, and sociological networks can be of very different sizes and connectivities, making it difficult to compare their structures. Here we present an approach to systematically study similarity in the local structure of networks, based on the significance profile (SP) of small subgraphs in the network compared to randomized networks. We find several superfamilies of previously unrelated networks with very similar SPs. One superfamily, including transcription networks of microorganisms, represents “rate-limited” information-processing networks strongly constrained by the response time of their components. A distinct superfamily includes protein signaling, developmental genetic networks, and neuronal wiring. Additional superfamilies include power grids, protein-structure networks and geometric networks, World Wide Web links and social networks, and word-adjacency networks from different languages.  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.1089167 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5033  
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Author Dunbar, R. doi  openurl
  Title Evolution of the social brain Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 302 Issue 5648 Pages 1160-1161  
  Keywords Animals; Animals, Wild; *Cognition; Endorphins/physiology; *Evolution; Female; Grooming; Hierarchy, Social; Language; Neocortex/anatomy & histology/physiology; Papio/physiology/*psychology; *Reproduction; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Social Support; Vocalization, Animal  
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  Address School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK. rimd@liv.ac.uk  
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  Notes PMID:14615522 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 548  
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Author Bergman, T.J.; Beehner, J.C.; Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. doi  openurl
  Title Hierarchical classification by rank and kinship in baboons Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 302 Issue 5648 Pages 1234-1236  
  Keywords Animals; Animals, Wild; Botswana; *Cognition; Family; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; Language; *Papio/psychology; Social Dominance; Vocalization, Animal  
  Abstract Humans routinely classify others according to both their individual attributes, such as social status or wealth, and membership in higher order groups, such as families or castes. They also recognize that people's individual attributes may be influenced and regulated by their group affiliations. It is not known whether such rule-governed, hierarchical classifications are specific to humans or might also occur in nonlinguistic species. Here we show that baboons recognize that a dominance hierarchy can be subdivided into family groups. In playback experiments, baboons respond more strongly to call sequences mimicking dominance rank reversals between families than within families, indicating that they classify others simultaneously according to both individual rank and kinship. The selective pressures imposed by complex societies may therefore have favored cognitive skills that constitute an evolutionary precursor to some components of human cognition.  
  Address Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. thore@sas.upenn.edu  
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  Notes PMID:14615544 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 689  
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Author Silk, J.B.; Alberts, S.C.; Altmann, J. url  doi
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  Title Social Bonds of Female Baboons Enhance Infant Survival Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume (down) 302 Issue 5648 Pages 1231-1234  
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  Abstract Among nonhuman primates, females often form strong bonds with kin and other group members. These relationships are thought to have adaptive value for females, but direct effects of sociality on fitness have never been demonstrated. We present 16 years of behavioral data from a well-studied population of wild baboons, which demonstrate that sociality of adult females is positively associated with infant survival, an important component of variation in female lifetime fitness. The effects of sociality on infant survival are independent of the effects of dominance rank, group membership, and environmental conditions. Our results are consistent with the evidence that social support has beneficial effects on human health and well-being across the life span. For humans and other primates, sociality has adaptive value.  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.1088580 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5151  
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