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	Author	Appleby, M.
	Title	Consciousness, Cognition and Animal Welfare: J.K. Kirkwood, R.C. Hubrecht, S. Wickens, H. O'Leary, S. Oakley (Eds.), Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, 2001, 251 pp., Paperback, Supplement to Volume 10 of Animal Welfare, [pound sign]15/US$ 30, ISSN 0962-7286			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Applied Animal Behaviour Science	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
	Volume	77	Issue	3	Pages	239-241
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2905
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	Author	Ligout, S.; Porter, R.H.; Bon, R.
	Title	Social discrimination in lambs: persistence and scope			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Applied Animal Behaviour Science	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
	Volume	76	Issue	3	Pages	239-248
	Keywords	Social discrimination; Social cognition; Persistence of recognition; Lambs
	Abstract	Social recognition among familiar unrelated lambs was assessed in a series of tests. Lambs and their mothers were housed together in small groups for 1 week (Original groups; O) then reorganized into new groupings (Recent-groups; R) for the remainder of the experiment. During test series 1, lambs that were paired with a familiar O-group partner, from which they had been separated for 5 days, emitted fewer distress bleats than did those tested with an unfamiliar partner. This same effect was not evident when the test was repeated several hours later, indicating that the animals had become habituated to the testing procedures. Two days later, when given the choice between an O- versus a R-partner (test series 2), lambs did not display a preference for either of the stimulus lambs. However, in an additional two-choice test (test series 3) the subject lambs responded discriminatively to a recent familiar partner that was simultaneously present with an unfamiliar lamb. Overall, the results suggest that lambs are capable of developing discriminative relationships with age-mates from different sub-groups, and that such social discrimination persists over a separation period lasting at least several days. It is not clear whether lambs recognize several individual conspecifics per se or discriminate between members of higher order social categories (e.g. familiar versus unfamiliar individuals). Proximal and distal social discrimination may be mediated by different combinations of sensory modalities.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2906
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	Author	McLean, A.N.
	Title	Cognitive abilities -- the result of selective pressures on food acquisition?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Applied Animal Behaviour Science	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
	Volume	71	Issue	3	Pages	241-258
	Keywords	Adaptive intelligence; Animal cognition; Darwinian selection; Insightful learning
	Abstract	Locating and capturing food are suggested as significant selection pressures for the evolution of various cognitive abilities in mammals and birds. The hypothesis is proposed that aspects of food procuring behaviour should be strongly indicative of particular cognitive abilities. Experimental data concerning higher mental abilities in mammals and birds are reviewed. These data deal with self-recognition studies, rule-learning experiments, number concept, deceptive abilities, tool-use and observational learning. A Darwinian approach reveals: (1) the adaptiveness of particular abilities for particular niches, (2) that in complex foraging environments, increases in foraging efficiencies in animals should result from the evolution of particular cognitive abilities, (3) that phenomena such as convergent mental evolution should be expected to have taken place across taxonomic groups for species exploiting similar niches, (4) that divergence in mental ability should also have taken place where related species have exploited dissimilar niches. Experimental data of higher mental abilities in animals concur with a Darwinian explanation for the distribution of these cognitive abilities and no anomalies have been found. There are, as a consequence, significant implications for the welfare of animals subject to training when training methodology gives little or no consideration to the various mental abilities of species.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2907
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	Author	Watts, J.M.
	Title	Animats: computer-simulated animals in behavioral research			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	76	Issue	10	Pages	2596-2604
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2936
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	Author	Swanson, J.C.
	Title	What are animal science departments doing to address contemporary issues?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	77	Issue	2	Pages	354-360
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2937
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	Author	Marshall, T.T.; Hoover, T.S.; Reiling, B.A.; Downs, K.M.
	Title	Experiential learning in the animal sciences: effect of 13 years of a beef cattle management practicum			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	76	Issue	11	Pages	2947-2952
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2938
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	Author	Spinka, M.; Duncan, I.J.H.; Widowski, T.M.
	Title	Do domestic pigs prefer short-term to medium-term confinement?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Applied Animal Behaviour Science	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
	Volume	58	Issue	3-4	Pages	221-232
	Keywords	Cognition; Pig-housing; Preference tests
	Abstract	A preference test was used to demonstrate that gilts have the ability to associate two sets of neutral cues with two different periods of confinement and water deprivation and to anticipate the long-term consequences of their choice in the test. Twelve gilts housed in two large, straw-bedded pens were trained to go to two sets of 12 crates, positioned on each side of a choice point, for feeding twice a day. Following initial training, the two sets of crates were marked with contrasting visual patterns and the patterns were associated with either 30 min (`short' confinement) or 240 min (`long' confinement) of confinement in the crates after entry. During 16 days of preference testing, the gilts were sent alternately to one side or the other in the mornings and allowed to choose in the afternoons. Eight gilts chose the short confinement side more often, two, the long confinement side more often and two, each side an equal number of times, indicating that most gilts learned the association and preferred to be released shortly after feeding. However, gilts still chose the long confinement side on occasion, suggesting that they did not find 240 min of confinement very aversive. When the gilts were sent to the crates in the morning, their behaviour indicated that they expected to be released or confined depending on which crate they were in. The cognitive abilities of animals with respect to perception of time and anticipation of future events have important implications for their welfare. This study demonstrates that methods can be developed to ask animals about such things.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2910
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	Author	McGlone, J.J.; Hicks, T.A.
	Title	Teaching standard agricultural practices that are known to be painful			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1993	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	71	Issue	4	Pages	1071-1074
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	Abstract	N1 -
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2933
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	Author	Olesen, I.; Groen, A.F.; Gjerde, B.
	Title	Definition of animal breeding goals for sustainable production systems			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	78	Issue	3	Pages	570-582
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	Abstract	N1 -
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2934
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	Author	Walter, G.; Reisner, A.
	Title	Student opinion formation on animal agriculture issues			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1994	Publication	Journal of Animal Science	Abbreviated Journal	J. Anim Sci.
	Volume	72	Issue	6	Pages	1654-1658
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	Abstract	N1 -
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2935
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