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Equine and Animal Cognition Reference Database

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Author Pennisi, E. openurl 
  Title Are out primate cousins 'conscious'? Type
  Year 1999 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 284 Issue (down) 5423 Pages 2073-2076  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cebus; *Consciousness; Empathy; Humans; Instinct; Intelligence; Learning; *Mental Processes; Pan troglodytes; *Primates  
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  Notes PMID:10409060 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2843  
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Author Pinker, S. url  openurl
  Title COGNITION:Enhanced: Out of the Minds of Babes Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 283 Issue (down) 5398 Pages 40-41  
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  Notes 10.1126/science.283.5398.40 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2956  
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Author Brannon, E.M.; Terrace, H.S. openurl 
  Title Ordering of the numerosities 1 to 9 by monkeys Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 282 Issue (down) 5389 Pages 746-749  
  Keywords Animals; *Discrimination (Psychology); Macaca mulatta/*psychology; *Mathematics; *Mental Processes  
  Abstract A fundamental question in cognitive science is whether animals can represent numerosity (a property of a stimulus that is defined by the number of discriminable elements it contains) and use numerical representations computationally. Here, it was shown that rhesus monkeys represent the numerosity of visual stimuli and detect their ordinal disparity. Two monkeys were first trained to respond to exemplars of the numerosities 1 to 4 in an ascending numerical order (1 --> 2 --> 3 --> 4). As a control for non-numerical cues, exemplars were varied with respect to size, shape, and color. The monkeys were later tested, without reward, on their ability to order stimulus pairs composed of the novel numerosities 5 to 9. Both monkeys responded in an ascending order to the novel numerosities. These results show that rhesus monkeys represent the numerosities 1 to 9 on an ordinal scale.  
  Address Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. liz@psych.columbia.edu  
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  Notes PMID:9784133 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 606  
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Author Pennisi, E. openurl 
  Title Schizophrenia clues from monkeys Type
  Year 1997 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 277 Issue (down) 5328 Pages 900  
  Keywords Animals; Antipsychotic Agents/pharmacology; Behavior, Animal/drug effects; *Cercopithecus aethiops; Clozapine/pharmacology; Cognition/drug effects; *Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine/*metabolism; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology; Memory/drug effects; Phencyclidine/*pharmacology; Prefrontal Cortex/*metabolism; Schizophrenia/chemically induced/drug therapy/*metabolism; Schizophrenic Psychology  
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  Notes PMID:9281070 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2844  
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Author Schultz, W.; Dayan, P.; Montague, P.R. url  doi
openurl 
  Title A Neural Substrate of Prediction and Reward Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 275 Issue (down) 5306 Pages 1593-1599  
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  Abstract The capacity to predict future events permits a creature to detect, model, and manipulate the causal structure of its interactions with its environment. Behavioral experiments suggest that learning is driven by changes in the expectations about future salient events such as rewards and punishments. Physiological work has recently complemented these studies by identifying dopaminergic neurons in the primate whose fluctuating output apparently signals changes or errors in the predictions of future salient and rewarding events. Taken together, these findings can be understood through quantitative theories of adaptive optimizing control.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5749  
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Author Williams, N. openurl 
  Title Evolutionary psychologists look for roots of cognition Type
  Year 1997 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 275 Issue (down) 5296 Pages 29-30  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Birds; *Cognition; *Evolution; Female; Humans; Macaca mulatta/psychology; Male; Memory; Reward; *Social Sciences  
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  Notes PMID:8999531 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2845  
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Author Packer, C; Heinsohn, R. doi  openurl
  Title Response:Lioness leadership Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 271 Issue (down) 5253 Pages 1215-1216  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior; Animal; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Lions/*psychology; Territoriality  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Jahn1996 Serial 2072  
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Author Gary C. Jahn; Craig Packer,Robert Heinsohn openurl 
  Title Lioness leadership Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 271 Issue (down) 5253 Pages 1216-1219  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior; Animal; Cooperative Behavior; Female; Lions/*psychology; Territoriality  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Jahn1996 Serial 2073  
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Author McLaren, B.E.; Peterson, R.O. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Wolves, Moose, and Tree Rings on Isle Royale Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 266 Issue (down) 5190 Pages 1555-1558  
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  Abstract Investigation of tree growth in Isle Royale National Park in Michigan revealed the influence of herbivores and carnivores on plants in an intimately linked food chain. Plant growth rates were regulated by cycles in animal density and responded to annual changes in primary productivity only when released from herbivory by wolf predation. Isle Royale's dendrochronology complements a rich literature on food chain control in aquatic systems, which often supports a trophic cascade model. This study provides evidence of top-down control in a forested ecosystem.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4995  
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Author Real, L.A. openurl 
  Title Animal choice behavior and the evolution of cognitive architecture Type Journal Article
  Year 1991 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 253 Issue (down) 5023 Pages 980-986  
  Keywords Animals; Bees/genetics/*physiology; Biomechanics; *Choice Behavior; *Cognition; *Evolution; Mathematics; Models, Genetic; Probability  
  Abstract Animals process sensory information according to specific computational rules and, subsequently, form representations of their environments that form the basis for decisions and choices. The specific computational rules used by organisms will often be evolutionarily adaptive by generating higher probabilities of survival, reproduction, and resource acquisition. Experiments with enclosed colonies of bumblebees constrained to foraging on artificial flowers suggest that the bumblebee's cognitive architecture is designed to efficiently exploit floral resources from spatially structured environments given limits on memory and the neuronal processing of information. A non-linear relationship between the biomechanics of nectar extraction and rates of net energetic gain by individual bees may account for sensitivities to both the arithmetic mean and variance in reward distributions in flowers. Heuristic rules that lead to efficient resource exploitation may also lead to subjective misperception of likelihoods. Subjective probability formation may then be viewed as a problem in pattern recognition subject to specific sampling schemes and memory constraints.  
  Address Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 27599-3280  
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  Notes PMID:1887231 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2846  
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