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| Author | Hampton, R.R.; Shettleworth, S.J. | ||||
| Title | Hippocampal lesions impair memory for location but not color in passerine birds | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Behavioral neuroscience | Abbreviated Journal | Behav Neurosci |
| Volume | 110 | Issue | 4 | Pages  |
831-835 |
| Keywords | Animals; Appetitive Behavior/physiology; Birds/*physiology; Brain Mapping; Color Perception/*physiology; Discrimination Learning/physiology; Hippocampus/*physiology; Long-Term Potentiation/physiology; Mental Recall/*physiology; Orientation/*physiology; Species Specificity | ||||
| Abstract | The effects of hippocampal complex lesions on memory for location and color were assessed in black-capped chickadees (Parus atricapillus) and dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis) in operant tests of matching to sample. Before surgery, most birds were more accurate on tests of memory for location than on tests of memory for color. Damage to the hippocampal complex caused a decline in memory for location, whereas memory for color was not affected in the same birds. This dissociation indicates that the avian hippocampus plays an important role in spatial cognition and suggests that this brain structure may play no role in working memory generally. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0735-7044 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:8864273 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 376 | ||
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| Author | Brinkmann, L.; Gerken, M.; Riek, A. | ||||
| Title | Effect of long-term feed restriction on the health status and welfare of a robust horse breed, the Shetland pony (Equus ferus caballus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Research in Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | Res. Vet. Sci. |
| Volume | 94 | Issue | 3 | Pages |
826-831 |
| Keywords | Animal welfare; Blood parameter; Extensive housing; Feed restriction; Horse; Winter conditions | ||||
| Abstract | Outdoor group housing is increasingly recognized as an appropriate housing system for domesticated horses. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate the effect of potential feed shortage in semi-natural horse keeping systems in winter on animal health and welfare. In 10 female Shetland ponies blood concentrations (NEFA, total protein (TP), total bilirubin (TB), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and thyroxine (T4)), body mass and the body condition score (BCS) were monitored for 7months including a 4months period of feed restriction in five of the 10 ponies. Restrictively fed animals lost 18.4±2.99% of their body mass and the BCS decreased by 2.2±0.8 points (BCS scale: 0=emaciated, 5=obese). Feed restriction led to a continuous increase in TB (P<0.001) and NEFA (P<0.01) concentrations compared to control ponies. The TP and BHB values only differed at the end of the trial with lower concentrations in restricted fed mares (P<0.05). Feed restriction had no effect on thyroxine concentrations. TB concentrations in the feed restricted group were out of the reference range during the entire feeding trial. The increased NEFA concentrations in feed restricted compared to control ponies suggest that fat was mobilized. The BCS, as well as plasma NEFA and TB concentrations were good indicators for a rapid detection of possible health problems caused by undernourishment in horses when kept under semi-natural conditions. In contrast, blood parameters of the control animals were within the reference ranges, suggesting that a year round outdoor housing with additional feed supply is an adequate housing system for a robust horse breed like the Shetland pony. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0034-5288 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6601 | ||
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| Author | Milo, R.; Shen-Orr, S.; Itzkovitz, S.; Kashtan, N.; Chklovskii, D.; Alon, U. | ||||
| Title | Network Motifs: Simple Building Blocks of Complex Networks | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Science | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 298 | Issue | 5594 | Pages |
824-827 |
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| Abstract | Complex networks are studied across many fields of science. To uncover their structural design principles, we defined “network motifs,” patterns of interconnections occurring in complex networks at numbers that are significantly higher than those in randomized networks. We found such motifs in networks from biochemistry, neurobiology, ecology, and engineering. The motifs shared by ecological food webs were distinct from the motifs shared by the genetic networks of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae or from those found in the World Wide Web. Similar motifs were found in networks that perform information processing, even though they describe elements as different as biomolecules within a cell and synaptic connections between neurons in Caenorhabditis elegans. Motifs may thus define universal classes of networks. This approach may uncover the basic building blocks of most networks. | ||||
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| Notes | 10.1126/science.298.5594.824 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5032 | ||
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| Author | Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L.; Marler, P. | ||||
| Title | Monkey responses to three different alarm calls: evidence of predator classification and semantic communication | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1980 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 210 | Issue | 4471 | Pages |
801-803 |
| Keywords | *Animal Communication; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cercopithecidae/*physiology; *Fear; Female; Male; Predatory Behavior; Vocalization, Animal | ||||
| Abstract | Vervet monkeys give different alarm calls to different predators. Recordings of the alarms played back when predators were absent caused the monkeys to run into trees for leopard alarms, look up for eagle alarms, and look down for snake alarms. Adults call primarily to leopards, martial eagles, and pythons, but infants give leopard alarms to various mammals, eagle alarms to many birds, and snake alarms to various snakelike objects. Predator classification improves with age and experience. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:7433999 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 351 | ||
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| Author | Dyer, J.R.G.; Johansson, A.; Helbing, D.; Couzin, I.D.; Krause, J. | ||||
| Title | Leadership, consensus decision making and collective behaviour in humans | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Phil. Trans. Biol. Sci. |
| Volume | 364 | Issue | 1518 | Pages |
781-789 |
| Keywords | * leadership * consensus decision making * collective behaviour * human group | ||||
| Abstract | This paper reviews the literature on leadership in vertebrate groups, including recent work on human groups, before presenting the results of three new experiments looking at leadership and decision making in small and large human groups. In experiment 1, we find that both group size and the presence of uninformed individuals can affect the speed with which small human groups (eight people) decide between two opposing directional preferences and the likelihood of the group splitting. In experiment 2, we show that the spatial positioning of informed individuals within small human groups (10 people) can affect the speed and accuracy of group motion. We find that having a mixture of leaders positioned in the centre and on the edge of a group increases the speed and accuracy with which the group reaches their target. In experiment 3, we use large human crowds (100 and 200 people) to demonstrate that the trends observed from earlier work using small human groups can be applied to larger crowds. We find that only a small minority of informed individuals is needed to guide a large uninformed group. These studies build upon important theoretical and empirical work on leadership and decision making in animal groups. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5122 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Brannon, E.M.; Terrace, H.S. | ||||
| Title | Ordering of the numerosities 1 to 9 by monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 282 | Issue | 5389 | Pages |
746-749 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Discrimination (Psychology); Macaca mulatta/*psychology; *Mathematics; *Mental Processes | ||||
| Abstract | A fundamental question in cognitive science is whether animals can represent numerosity (a property of a stimulus that is defined by the number of discriminable elements it contains) and use numerical representations computationally. Here, it was shown that rhesus monkeys represent the numerosity of visual stimuli and detect their ordinal disparity. Two monkeys were first trained to respond to exemplars of the numerosities 1 to 4 in an ascending numerical order (1 --> 2 --> 3 --> 4). As a control for non-numerical cues, exemplars were varied with respect to size, shape, and color. The monkeys were later tested, without reward, on their ability to order stimulus pairs composed of the novel numerosities 5 to 9. Both monkeys responded in an ascending order to the novel numerosities. These results show that rhesus monkeys represent the numerosities 1 to 9 on an ordinal scale. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. liz@psych.columbia.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0036-8075 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:9784133 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 606 | ||
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| Author | Perez-Cruz, C.; Simon, M.; Czéh, B.; Flügge, G.; Fuchs, E. | ||||
| Title | Hemispheric differences in basilar dendrites and spines of pyramidal neurons in the rat prelimbic cortex: activity- and stress-induced changes | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | European Journal of Neuroscience | Abbreviated Journal | Eur. J. Neurosci. |
| Volume | 29 | Issue | 4 | Pages |
738-747 |
| Keywords | dendrite; diurnal rhythm; lateralization; prefrontal cortex; spine | ||||
| Abstract | Abstract Pyramidal neurons of the rat medial prefrontal cortex have been shown to react to chronic stress by retracting their apical dendrites and by spine loss. We extended these findings by focusing on the basilar dendritic tree of layer III pyramidal neurons in both hemispheres of the rat prelimbic cortex. Animals were subjected to daily restraint stress for 1 week (6 h/day), during either the resting or the activity period. The morphology of basilar dendrites and spines of Golgi–Cox-stained neurons in the left and right hemispheres was digitally reconstructed and analyzed. We observed the following: (i) there was an inherent hemispheric asymmetry in control rats during the resting period: the number of spines on proximal dendrites was higher in the left than in the right hemisphere; (ii) basal dendrites in controls displayed a diurnal variation: there was more dendritic material during the resting period than in the activity period; (iii) chronic stress reduced the length of basal dendrites in only the right prelimbic cortex; (iv) chronic stress reduced spine density on proximal basal dendrites; (v) restraint stress during the activity period had more pronounced effects on the physiological stress parameters than restraint stress during the resting period. Our results show dynamic hemisphere-dependent structural changes in pyramidal neurons of the rat prelimbic cortex that are tightly linked to periods of resting and activity. These morphological alterations reflect the capacity of the neurons to react to external stimuli and mirror presumptive changes in neuronal communication. | ||||
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| Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1460-9568 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5355 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Wich, S.A.; de Vries, H. | ||||
| Title | Male monkeys remember which group members have given alarm calls | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Proceedings. Biological Sciences / The Royal Society | Abbreviated Journal | Proc Biol Sci |
| Volume | 273 | Issue | 1587 | Pages |
735-740 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cercopithecidae/*physiology/*psychology; Cognition/physiology; Fear/physiology/*psychology; Female; Indonesia; Male; Vocalization, Animal/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract | Primates give alarm calls in response to the presence of predators. In some species, such as the Thomas langur (Presbytis thomasi), males only emit alarm calls if there is an audience. An unanswered question is whether the audience's behaviour influences how long the male will continue his alarm calling. We tested three hypotheses that might explain the alarm calling duration of male Thomas langurs: the fatigue, group size and group member behaviour hypotheses. Fatigue and group size did not influence male alarm calling duration. We found that males only ceased calling shortly after all individuals in his group had given at least one alarm call. This shows that males keep track of and thus remember which group members have called. | ||||
| Address | Behavioural Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 14, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands. s.a.wich@bio.uu.nl | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0962-8452 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16608694 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2816 | ||
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| Author | Singh,M.; Singh,M.; Sharma, A. K.; Krishna B. A. | ||||
| Title | Methodological considerations in measurement of dominance in primates | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | CURRENT SCIENCE | Abbreviated Journal | CURRENT SCIENCE |
| Volume | 84 | Issue | 5 | Pages |
709-713 |
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| Abstract | The strength of dominance hierarchy in a group of animals needs to be quantitatively measured since it influences many other aspects of social interactions. This article discusses three attempts made by previous researchers to measure the strength of hierarchy. We propose a method which attempts to rectify the lacunae in the previous attempts. Data are used from a group of Japanese macaques housed in a colony. A method to calculate strength of hierarchy has been illustrated and a procedure has been suggested to normalize the dominance scores in order to place the ranks of individuals on an interval scale. |
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| Publisher | Biopsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Mysore, Mysore 570 006, India | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2860 | ||
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| Author | Hopster, H.; van der Werf, J.T.; Erkens, J.H.; Blokhuis, H.J. | ||||
| Title | Effects of repeated jugular puncture on plasma cortisol concentrations in loose-housed dairy cows | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | J Anim. Sci |
| Volume | 77 | Issue | 3 | Pages |
708-714 |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5486 | ||
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