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Author  |
Novacek, M.J. | ||||
| Title | Mammalian phylogeny: shaking the tree | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1992 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 356 | Issue | 6365 | Pages | 121-125 |
| Keywords | Animals; Evolution; Fossils; Mammals/classification/*genetics; *Phylogeny | ||||
| Abstract | Recent palaeontological discoveries and the correspondence between molecular and morphological results provide fresh insight on the deep structure of mammalian phylogeny. This new wave of research, however, has yet to resolve some important issues. | ||||
| Address | American Museum of Natural History, New York 10024 | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:1545862 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3546 | ||
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| Author |
Nowak, M.A.; Sigmund, K. | ||||
| Title | Tit for tat in heterogeneous populations | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1992 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 355 | Issue | Pages | 250-253 | |
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| Notes | 10.1038/355250a0 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4842 | ||
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| Author |
Packer, C. | ||||
| Title | Reciprocal altruism in Papio anubis | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 265 | Issue | Pages | 441-445 | |
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| Notes | 10.1038/265441a0 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4840 | ||
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| Author |
Parr, L.A.; de Waal, F.B. | ||||
| Title | Visual kin recognition in chimpanzees | Type | |||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 399 | Issue | 6737 | Pages | 647-648 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Face; Female; Male; Pan troglodytes/*physiology | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:10385114 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 195 | ||
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| Author |
Paz-y-Miño C. G.; Bond, A.B.; Kamil, A.C.; Balda, R.P. | ||||
| Title | Pinyon jays use transitive inference to predict social dominance | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 430 | Issue | 7001 | Pages | 778-781 |
| Keywords | Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Group Structure; Male; *Social Dominance; Songbirds/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract | Living in large, stable social groups is often considered to favour the evolution of enhanced cognitive abilities, such as recognizing group members, tracking their social status and inferring relationships among them. An individual's place in the social order can be learned through direct interactions with others, but conflicts can be time-consuming and even injurious. Because the number of possible pairwise interactions increases rapidly with group size, members of large social groups will benefit if they can make judgments about relationships on the basis of indirect evidence. Transitive reasoning should therefore be particularly important for social individuals, allowing assessment of relationships from observations of interactions among others. Although a variety of studies have suggested that transitive inference may be used in social settings, the phenomenon has not been demonstrated under controlled conditions in animals. Here we show that highly social pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) draw sophisticated inferences about their own dominance status relative to that of strangers that they have observed interacting with known individuals. These results directly demonstrate that animals use transitive inference in social settings and imply that such cognitive capabilities are widespread among social species. | ||||
| Address | Center for Avian Cognition, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1476-4687 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15306809 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @; Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 | Serial | 352 | ||
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| Author |
Pocock Rj, | ||||
| Title | The coloration of the Quaggas | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature | |
| Volume | 68 | Issue | Pages | 356-357 | |
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| Notes | from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1480 | |||
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| Author |
Potts, W.K.; Manning, C.J.; Wakeland, E.K. | ||||
| Title | Mating patterns in seminatural populations of mice influenced by MHC genotype | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 352 | Issue | 6336 | Pages | 619-621 |
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| Notes | 10.1038/352619a0 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5424 | ||
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| Author |
Prather, J.F.; Peters, S.; Nowicki, S.; Mooney, R. | ||||
| Title | Precise auditory-vocal mirroring in neurons for learned vocal communication | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2008 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 451 | Issue | 7176 | Pages | 305-310 |
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| Abstract | Brain mechanisms for communication must establish a correspondence between sensory and motor codes used to represent the signal. One idea is that this correspondence is established at the level of single neurons that are active when the individual performs a particular gesture or observes a similar gesture performed by another individual. Although neurons that display a precise auditory–vocal correspondence could facilitate vocal communication, they have yet to be identified. Here we report that a certain class of neurons in the swamp sparrow forebrain displays a precise auditory–vocal correspondence. We show that these neurons respond in a temporally precise fashion to auditory presentation of certain note sequences in this songbird’s repertoire and to similar note sequences in other birds’ songs. These neurons display nearly identical patterns of activity when the bird sings the same sequence, and disrupting auditory feedback does not alter this singing-related activity, indicating it is motor in nature. Furthermore, these neurons innervate striatal structures important for song learning, raising the possibility that singing-related activity in these cells is compared to auditory feedback to guide vocal learning. |
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| Publisher | Nature Publishing Group | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | 10.1038/nature06492 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5062 | ||
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| Author |
Proudman, C.; Pinchbeck, G.; Clegg, P.; French, N. | ||||
| Title | Equine welfare: risk of horses falling in the Grand National | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 428 | Issue | 6981 | Pages | 385-386 |
| Keywords | Accidental Falls/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data; Animal Welfare; Animals; Great Britain; Horse Diseases/prevention & control; Horses/*physiology; Odds Ratio; Risk Assessment; *Sports | ||||
| Abstract | As in other competitive sports, the famous Grand National steeplechase, which is held at Aintree in the United Kingdom and is watched by 600 million people worldwide, sometimes results in injury. By analysing data from the past 15 Grand National races (consisting of 560 starts by horses), we are able to identify several factors that are significantly associated with failure to complete the race: no previous experience of the course and its unique obstacles, unfavourable ground conditions (too soft or too hard), a large number of runners, and the length of the odds ('starting price'). We also find that there is an increased risk of falling at the first fence and at the jump known as Becher's Brook, which has a ditch on the landing side. Our findings indicate ways in which the Grand National could be made safer for horses and illustrate how epidemiological analysis might contribute to preventing injury in competitive sport. | ||||
| Address | Epidemiology Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK. c.j.proudman@liverpool.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1476-4687 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15042079 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 535 | ||
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| Author |
Rands, S.A.; Cowlishaw, G.; Pettifor, R.A.; Rowcliffe, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A. | ||||
| Title | Spontaneous emergence of leaders and followers in foraging pairs | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 423 | Issue | 6938 | Pages | 432-434 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Energy Metabolism; Food; *Food Chain; *Models, Biological; Motor Activity; *Social Behavior; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | Animals that forage socially often stand to gain from coordination of their behaviour. Yet it is not known how group members reach a consensus on the timing of foraging bouts. Here we demonstrate a simple process by which this may occur. We develop a state-dependent, dynamic game model of foraging by a pair of animals, in which each individual chooses between resting or foraging during a series of consecutive periods, so as to maximize its own individual chances of survival. We find that, if there is an advantage to foraging together, the equilibrium behaviour of both individuals becomes highly synchronized. As a result of this synchronization, differences in the energetic reserves of the two players spontaneously develop, leading them to adopt different behavioural roles. The individual with lower reserves emerges as the 'pace-maker' who determines when the pair should forage, providing a straightforward resolution to the problem of group coordination. Moreover, the strategy that gives rise to this behaviour can be implemented by a simple 'rule of thumb' that requires no detailed knowledge of the state of other individuals. | ||||
| Address | Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. s.rands@zoo.cam.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12761547 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5138 | ||
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