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Author (up) Barker, S.C. openurl 
  Title The Australian paralysis tick may be the missing link in the transmission of Hendra virus from bats to horses to humans Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Medical Hypotheses Abbreviated Journal Med Hypotheses  
  Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 481-483  
  Keywords Animals; Chiroptera; *Disease Transmission; Ecology; Hendra Virus/*pathogenicity; Horses; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Ticks/*virology  
  Abstract Hendra virus is a new virus of the family Paramyxoviridae. This virus was first detected in Queensland, Australia, in 1994; although, it seems that the virus has infected fruit-eating bats (flying-foxes) for a very long time. At least 2 humans and 15 horses have been killed by this virus since it first emerged as a virus that may infect mammals other than flying-foxes. Hendra virus is thought to have moved from flying-foxes to horses, and then from horses to people. There is a reasonably strong hypothesis for horse-to-human transmission: transmission of virus via nasal discharge, saliva and/or urine. In contrast, there is no strong hypothesis for flying-fox-to-human transmission. I present evidence that the Australian paralysis tick, Ixodes holocyclus, which has apparently only recently become a parasite of flying-foxes, may transmit Hendra virus and perhaps related viruses from flying-foxes to horses and other mammals.  
  Address Department of Microbiology and Parisitology, Institute for Molecular Biosciences, ARC Special Research Center for Functional and Applied Genomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. s.barker@imb.uq.edu.au  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0306-9877 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:12615503 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2641  
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