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| Author | Nicol, C.J. | ||||
| Title | Development, direction, and damage limitation: social learning in domestic fowl | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Learning & behavior : a Psychonomic Society publication | Abbreviated Journal | Learn Behav |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 72-81 |
| Keywords | Adaptation, Psychological; Age Factors; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Chickens; *Feeding Behavior; *Food Preferences; *Imitative Behavior; Imprinting (Psychology); *Learning; Maternal Behavior; Reinforcement (Psychology); *Social Environment; *Social Facilitation | ||||
| Abstract | This review highlights two areas of particular interest in the study of social learning in fowl. First, the role of social learning in the development of feeding and foraging behavior in young chicks and older birds is described. The role of the hen as a demonstrator and possible teacher is considered, and the subsequent social influence of brood mates and other companions on food avoidance and food preference learning is discussed. Second, the way in which work on domestic fowl has contributed to an understanding of the importance of directed social learning is examined. The well-characterized hierarchical social organization of small chicken flocks has been used to design studies which demonstrate that the probability of social transmission is strongly influenced by social relationships between birds. The practical implications of understanding the role of social learning in the spread of injurious behaviors in this economically important species are briefly considered. | ||||
| Address | Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, England. c.j.nicol@bristol.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1543-4494 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15161142 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 75 | ||
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| Author | Singer, R.A.; Klein, E.D.; Zentall, T.R. | ||||
| Title | Use of a single-code/default strategy by pigeons to acquire duration sample discriminations | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Learning & behavior : a Psychonomic Society publication | Abbreviated Journal | Learn Behav |
| Volume | 34 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 340-347 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Columbidae; *Discrimination (Psychology); *Reaction Time; Retention (Psychology); *Signal Detection (Psychology) | ||||
| Abstract | Past evidence that pigeons may adopt a single-code/default strategy to solve duration sample discriminations may be attributable to the similarity between the intertrial interval (ITI) and the retention interval. The present experiments tested whether pigeons would adopt a single-code/default strategy when possible ITI-retention-interval ambiguity was eliminated and sample salience was increased. Previous studies of duration sample discriminations that have purported to show evidence for the use of a single-code/default coding strategy have used durations of 0, 2, and 10 sec (Zentall, Klein, and Singer, 2004). However, the results of Experiment 1 suggest that the use of a 0-sec sample may produce an artifact resulting in inadvertent present/absent sample matching. In Experiment 2, when pigeons were trained with three nonzero duration samples (2, 8, and 32 sec), clear evidence for the use of a single-code/default strategy was found. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA. rasing2@uky.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1543-4494 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17330523 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 215 | ||
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| Author | Zentall, T.R. | ||||
| Title | Action imitation in birds | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Learning & behavior : a Psychonomic Society publication | Abbreviated Journal | Learn Behav |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 15-23 |
| Keywords | Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; *Birds; *Imitative Behavior; Imprinting (Psychology); *Learning; Motivation; Psychological Theory; *Social Environment; *Social Facilitation; Vocalization, Animal | ||||
| Abstract | Action imitation, once thought to be a behavior almost exclusively limited to humans and the great apes, surprisingly also has been found in a number of bird species. Because imitation has been viewed by some psychologists as a form of intelligent behavior, there has been interest in how it is distributed among animal species. Although the mechanisms responsible for action imitation are not clear, we are now at least beginning to understand the conditions under which it occurs. In this article, I try to identify and differentiate the various forms of socially influenced behavior (species-typical social reactions, social effects on motivation, social effects on perception, socially influenced learning, and action imitation) and explain why it is important to differentiate imitation from other forms of social influence. I also examine some of the variables that appear to be involved in the occurrence of imitation. Finally, I speculate about why a number of bird species, but few mammal species, appear to imitate. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA. zentall@uky.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1543-4494 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15161137 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 230 | ||
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| Author | Akins, C.K.; Klein, E.D.; Zentall, T.R. | ||||
| Title | Imitative learning in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) using the bidirectional control procedure | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Animal learning & behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Learn Behav |
| Volume | 30 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 275-281 |
| Keywords | Animals; Attention; Behavior, Animal; Coturnix; *Discrimination Learning; *Imitative Behavior; Male; Smell | ||||
| Abstract | In the bidirectional control procedure, observers are exposed to a conspecific demonstrator responding to a manipulandum in one of two directions (e.g., left vs. right). This procedure controls for socially mediated effects (the mere presence of a conspecific) and stimulus enhancement (attention drawn to a manipulandum by its movement), and it has the added advantage of being symmetrical (the two different responses are similar in topography). Imitative learning is demonstrated when the observers make the response in the direction that they observed it being made. Recently, however, it has been suggested that when such evidence is found with a predominantly olfactory animal, such as the rat, it may result artifactually from odor cues left on one side of the manipulandum by the demonstrator. In the present experiment, we found that Japanese quail, for which odor cues are not likely to play a role, also showed significant correspondence between the direction in which the demonstrator and the observer push a screen to gain access to reward. Furthermore, control quail that observed the screen move, when the movement of the screen was not produced by the demonstrator, did not show similar correspondence between the direction of screen movement observed and that performed by the observer. Thus, with the appropriate control, the bidirectional procedure appears to be useful for studying imitation in avian species. | ||||
| Address | University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0044, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0090-4996 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12391793 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 239 | ||
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| Author | Gibson, B.M.; Juricevic, I.; Shettleworth, S.J.; Pratt, J.; Klein, R.M. | ||||
| Title | Looking for inhibition of return in pigeons | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Learning & behavior : a Psychonomic Society publication | Abbreviated Journal | Learn Behav |
| Volume | 33 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 296-308 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Columbidae; *Inhibition (Psychology); Reinforcement (Psychology) | ||||
| Abstract | We conducted four experiments in order to investigate whether pigeons' responses to a recently attended (i.e., recently pecked) location are inhibited. In Experiments 1 and 2, stimulus displays were similar to those used in studies of inhibition of return (IOR) with humans; responses to cued targets tended to be facilitated rather than inhibited. In Experiments 3 and 4, birds were presented with stimulus displays that mimicked clusters of small grains and were relatively localized, which should have been more appropriate for detecting IOR in pigeons. The results from these experiments again provided evidence for facilitation of responding to cued targets, rather than for IOR. | ||||
| Address | University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. bgibson@cisunix.unh.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1543-4494 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16396077 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 359 | ||
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| Author | Gibson, B.M.; Shettleworth, S.J. | ||||
| Title | Competition among spatial cues in a naturalistic food-carrying task | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Learning & behavior : a Psychonomic Society publication | Abbreviated Journal | Learn Behav |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 143-159 |
| Keywords | Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Appetitive Behavior; *Association Learning; *Attention; Choice Behavior; *Cues; *Discrimination Learning; Male; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Space Perception; *Spatial Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Rats collected nuts from a container in a large arena in four experiments testing how learning about a beacon or cue at a goal interacts with learning about other spatial cues (place learning). Place learning was quick, with little evidence of competition from the beacon (Experiments 1 and 2). Rats trained to approach a beacon regardless of its location were subsequently impaired when the well-learned beacon was removed and other spatial cues identified the location of the goal (Experiment 3). The competition between beacon and place cues reflected learned irrelevance for place cues (Experiment 4). The findings differ from those of some studies of associative interactions between cue and place learning in other paradigms. | ||||
| Address | University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1543-4494 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12882373 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 368 | ||
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| Author | Kurtzman H.S.; Church R.M.; Crystal J.D. | ||||
| Title | Data archiving for animal cognition research: Report of an NIMH workshop | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Animal Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 30 | Issue | Pages | 405-412 | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3504 | ||
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| Author | Doré,F.Y.; Fiset,S.; Goulet,S.; Dumans,M.-C.; Gagnon,S. | ||||
| Title | Search behavior in cats and dogs Interspecific differences in working memory and spatial cognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Animal Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Learn. & Behav. |
| Volume | 24 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 142-149 |
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| Abstract | Cats and dogs search behavior was compared in different problems where an object was visibly moved behind a screen that was then visibly moved to a new position. In Experiments 1 (cats) and 2 (dogs), one group was tested with identical screens and the other group was tested with dissimilar screens. Results showed that in both species, search behavior was based on processing of spatial information rather than on recognition of the visual features of the target screen. Cats and dogs were unable to find the object by inferring its invisible movement. They reached a high level of success only if there was direct perceptual evidence that the object could not be at its initial position. When the position change was indicated by an indirect cue, cats searched more at the object`s initial than final position, whereas dogs searched equally at both positions. Interspecific similarities and differences are interpreted in terms of the requirements for resetting working memory. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 537 | ||
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| Author | SYLVAIN GAGNON,FRANCOISY. DORE | ||||
| Title | Search behavior of dogs (Canis familiaris) in invisible displacement problems | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Animal Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Learn. & Behav. |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 246-254 |
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| Abstract | Gagnon and Dor (1992) showed that domestic dogs are able to solve a Piagetian object permanence task called the invisible displacement problem. A toy is hidden in a container which is moved behind a screen where the toy is removed and left. Dogs make more errors in these problems than they do in visible displacement tests, in which the object is hidden directly behind the target screen. In Experiment 1, we examinedcomponents ofthe standard procedure of invisible displacements that may make encoding or retention of the hiding location more difficult than it is in visible displacements. In Experiment 2, we compared dogs performances in visible and invisible displacement problems when delays of 0, 10, and 20 sec were introduced between the objects final disappearance and the subjects release. The results revealed that dogs poorer performance in invisible displacement tests is related to the complex sequence of events that have to be encoded or remembered as well as to a difficulty in representing the position change that is signaled, but not directly perceived. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 538 | ||
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| Author | Whiten, A.; Horner, V.; Litchfield, C.A.; Marshall-Pescini, S. | ||||
| Title | How do apes ape? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Learn. Behav. |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 36-52 |
| Keywords | Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Hominidae/*psychology; *Imitative Behavior; Imprinting (Psychology); *Learning; Psychological Theory; *Social Environment; *Social Facilitation | ||||
| Abstract | In the wake of telling critiques of the foundations on which earlier conclusions were based, the last 15 years have witnessed a renaissance in the study of social learning in apes. As a result, we are able to review 31 experimental studies from this period in which social learning in chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans has been investigated. The principal question framed at the beginning of this era, Do apes ape? has been answered in the affirmative, at least in certain conditions. The more interesting question now is, thus, How do apes ape? Answering this question has engendered richer taxonomies of the range of social-learning processes at work and new methodologies to uncover them. Together, these studies suggest that apes ape by employing a portfolio of alternative social-learning processes in flexibly adaptive ways, in conjunction with nonsocial learning. We conclude by sketching the kind of decision tree that appears to underlie the deployment of these alternatives. | ||||
| Address | Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland. a.whiten@st-and.ac.uk | ||||
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| ISSN | 1543-4494 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15161139 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 734 | ||
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