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Author  |
Akins, C.K.; Klein, E.D.; Zentall, T.R. | ||||
| Title | Imitative learning in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) using the bidirectional control procedure | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Animal learning & behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Learn Behav |
| Volume | 30 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 275-281 |
| Keywords | Animals; Attention; Behavior, Animal; Coturnix; *Discrimination Learning; *Imitative Behavior; Male; Smell | ||||
| Abstract | In the bidirectional control procedure, observers are exposed to a conspecific demonstrator responding to a manipulandum in one of two directions (e.g., left vs. right). This procedure controls for socially mediated effects (the mere presence of a conspecific) and stimulus enhancement (attention drawn to a manipulandum by its movement), and it has the added advantage of being symmetrical (the two different responses are similar in topography). Imitative learning is demonstrated when the observers make the response in the direction that they observed it being made. Recently, however, it has been suggested that when such evidence is found with a predominantly olfactory animal, such as the rat, it may result artifactually from odor cues left on one side of the manipulandum by the demonstrator. In the present experiment, we found that Japanese quail, for which odor cues are not likely to play a role, also showed significant correspondence between the direction in which the demonstrator and the observer push a screen to gain access to reward. Furthermore, control quail that observed the screen move, when the movement of the screen was not produced by the demonstrator, did not show similar correspondence between the direction of screen movement observed and that performed by the observer. Thus, with the appropriate control, the bidirectional procedure appears to be useful for studying imitation in avian species. | ||||
| Address | University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0044, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0090-4996 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12391793 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 239 | ||
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| Author |
Doré,F.Y.; Fiset,S.; Goulet,S.; Dumans,M.-C.; Gagnon,S. | ||||
| Title | Search behavior in cats and dogs Interspecific differences in working memory and spatial cognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Animal Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Learn. & Behav. |
| Volume | 24 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 142-149 |
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| Abstract | Cats and dogs search behavior was compared in different problems where an object was visibly moved behind a screen that was then visibly moved to a new position. In Experiments 1 (cats) and 2 (dogs), one group was tested with identical screens and the other group was tested with dissimilar screens. Results showed that in both species, search behavior was based on processing of spatial information rather than on recognition of the visual features of the target screen. Cats and dogs were unable to find the object by inferring its invisible movement. They reached a high level of success only if there was direct perceptual evidence that the object could not be at its initial position. When the position change was indicated by an indirect cue, cats searched more at the object`s initial than final position, whereas dogs searched equally at both positions. Interspecific similarities and differences are interpreted in terms of the requirements for resetting working memory. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 537 | ||
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| Author |
Fragaszy, D.; Visalberghi, E. | ||||
| Title | Socially biased learning in monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Learning & behavior : a Psychonomic Society publication | Abbreviated Journal | Learn Behav |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 24-35 |
| Keywords | Adaptation, Psychological; Animal Communication; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Feeding Behavior/psychology; Food Preferences/psychology; Haplorhini/*psychology; *Imitative Behavior; Imprinting (Psychology); *Learning; *Social Environment; *Social Facilitation | ||||
| Abstract | We review socially biased learning about food and problem solving in monkeys, relying especially on studies with tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) and callitrichid monkeys. Capuchin monkeys most effectively learn to solve a new problem when they can act jointly with an experienced partner in a socially tolerant setting and when the problem can be solved by direct action on an object or substrate, but they do not learn by imitation. Capuchin monkeys are motivated to eat foods, whether familiar or novel, when they are with others that are eating, regardless of what the others are eating. Thus, social bias in learning about foods is indirect and mediated by facilitation of feeding. In most respects, social biases in learning are similar in capuchins and callitrichids, except that callitrichids provide more specific behavioral cues to others about the availability and palatability of foods. Callitrichids generally are more tolerant toward group members and coordinate their activity in space and time more closely than capuchins do. These characteristics support stronger social biases in learning in callitrichids than in capuchins in some situations. On the other hand, callitrichids' more limited range of manipulative behaviors, greater neophobia, and greater sensitivity to the risk of predation restricts what these monkeys learn in comparison with capuchins. We suggest that socially biased learning is always the collective outcome of interacting physical, social, and individual factors, and that differences across populations and species in social bias in learning reflect variations in all these dimensions. Progress in understanding socially biased learning in nonhuman species will be aided by the development of appropriately detailed models of the richly interconnected processes affecting learning. | ||||
| Address | Psychology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA. doree@uga.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1543-4494 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15161138 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 828 | ||
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| Author |
Gajdon G.K.,; Fijn N.,; Huber L., | ||||
| Title | Testing social learning in a wild mountain parrot, the kea (Nestor notabilis) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Learn. Behav. |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | Pages | 62-71 | |
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| Abstract | Huber, Taborsky, and Rechberger (2001) reported an experiment in which the efficiency with which captive keas opened a complex food container was increased by observation of a skilled conspecific. However, only testing social learning in free-ranging animals can demonstrate social learning in natural conditions. For that purpose, a tube-lifting paradigm was developed and tested on keas both in captivity and in Mount Cook National Park, New Zealand. The task was to remove a tube from an upright pole in order to gain access to a reward inside the tube. The top of the pole was higher than a standing kea, so that, to remove the tube, an individual had to simultaneously climb onto the pole and manipulate the tube up the pole with its bill. Because only 1 naive bird managed to remove a tube twice in 25 halfhour sessions and disappeared after success, another bird was trained to solve the task and to provide demonstrations for others. Even under such conditions, only 2 of at least 15 birds learned to remove the tube in 28 sessions. There was no indication that observer birds' use of bill and feet when exploring the tube changed as the number of observations of tube removal increased in a way that would, in principle, increase the likelihood of tube removal. The results suggest a dissociation of social learning potential as assessed in laboratory animals, and social transmission of foraging techniques in natural populations. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 830 | ||
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| Author |
Galef Jr B.G., | ||||
| Title | Approaches to the study of traditional behaviors of free-living animals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Learn. Behav. |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | Pages | 53-61 | |
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| Abstract | I review literature on four different approaches to the study of traditions in animals: observation of free-living animals, laboratory experiment, armchair analysis, and field experiment. Because, by definition, a tradition entails social learning of some kind, it is difficult, perhaps impossible, to establish that a behavior is in fact traditional without knowledge of how it develops. Observations of free-living animals often provide strong circumstantial evidence of a tradition. However, even in the view of several researchers who have studied possibly traditional behaviors in natural populations, observation alone has not proven sufficient to show that social learning contributes to development of behaviors of interest. The relevance of laboratory experiments to the understanding of the development of behaviors in free-living animals is always open to challenge. Armchair analyses of field data can produce interesting hypotheses but cannot test them. Field experiments to determine how behaviors of interest develop in population members provide a promising way forward. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 829 | ||
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| Author |
Gibson, B.M.; Juricevic, I.; Shettleworth, S.J.; Pratt, J.; Klein, R.M. | ||||
| Title | Looking for inhibition of return in pigeons | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Learning & behavior : a Psychonomic Society publication | Abbreviated Journal | Learn Behav |
| Volume | 33 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 296-308 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Columbidae; *Inhibition (Psychology); Reinforcement (Psychology) | ||||
| Abstract | We conducted four experiments in order to investigate whether pigeons' responses to a recently attended (i.e., recently pecked) location are inhibited. In Experiments 1 and 2, stimulus displays were similar to those used in studies of inhibition of return (IOR) with humans; responses to cued targets tended to be facilitated rather than inhibited. In Experiments 3 and 4, birds were presented with stimulus displays that mimicked clusters of small grains and were relatively localized, which should have been more appropriate for detecting IOR in pigeons. The results from these experiments again provided evidence for facilitation of responding to cued targets, rather than for IOR. | ||||
| Address | University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. bgibson@cisunix.unh.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1543-4494 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16396077 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 359 | ||
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| Author |
Gibson, B.M.; Shettleworth, S.J. | ||||
| Title | Competition among spatial cues in a naturalistic food-carrying task | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Learning & behavior : a Psychonomic Society publication | Abbreviated Journal | Learn Behav |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 143-159 |
| Keywords | Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Appetitive Behavior; *Association Learning; *Attention; Choice Behavior; *Cues; *Discrimination Learning; Male; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Space Perception; *Spatial Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Rats collected nuts from a container in a large arena in four experiments testing how learning about a beacon or cue at a goal interacts with learning about other spatial cues (place learning). Place learning was quick, with little evidence of competition from the beacon (Experiments 1 and 2). Rats trained to approach a beacon regardless of its location were subsequently impaired when the well-learned beacon was removed and other spatial cues identified the location of the goal (Experiment 3). The competition between beacon and place cues reflected learned irrelevance for place cues (Experiment 4). The findings differ from those of some studies of associative interactions between cue and place learning in other paradigms. | ||||
| Address | University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada | ||||
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| ISSN | 1543-4494 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12882373 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 368 | ||
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| Author |
Griffin A.S., | ||||
| Title | Social learning about predators: A review and prospectus | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Learn. Behav. |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | Pages | 131-140 | |
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| Abstract | In comparison with social learning about food, social learning about predators has received little attention. Yet such research is of potential interest to students of animal cognition and conservation biologists. I summarize evidence for social learning about predators by fish, birds, eutherian mammals, and marsupials. I consider the proposal that this phenomenon is a case of S-S classical conditioning and suggest that evolution may have modified some of the properties of learning to accommodate for the requirements of learning socially about danger. I discuss some between-species differences in the properties of socially acquired predator avoidance and suggest that learning may be faster and more robust in species in which alarm behavior reliably predicts high predatory threat. Finally, I highlight how studies of socially acquired predator avoidance can inform the design of prerelease antipredator training programs for endangered species. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 832 | ||
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| Author |
Kurtzman H.S.; Church R.M.; Crystal J.D. | ||||
| Title | Data archiving for animal cognition research: Report of an NIMH workshop | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Animal Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 30 | Issue | Pages | 405-412 | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3504 | ||
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| Author |
Laland K.N. | ||||
| Title | Social learning strategies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Learn. Behav. |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | Pages | 4-14 | |
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| Abstract | In most studies of social learning in animals, no attempt has been made to examine the nature of the strategy adopted by animals when they copy others. Researchers have expended considerable effort in exploring the psychological processes that underlie social learning and amassed extensive data banks recording purported social learning in the field, but the contexts under which animals copy others remain unexplored. Yet, theoretical models used to investigate the adaptive advantages of social learning lead to the conclusion that social learning cannot be indiscriminate and that individuals should adopt strategies that dictate the circumstances under which they copy others and from whom they learn. In this article, I discuss a number of possible strategies that are predicted by theoretical analyses, including copy when uncertain, copy the majority, and copy if better, and consider the empirical evidence in support of each, drawing from both the animal and human social learning literature. Reliance on social learning strategies may be organized hierarchically, their being employed by animals when unlearned and asocially learned strategies prove ineffective but before animals take recourse in innovation. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4193 | ||
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