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Walter, G.; Reisner, A. |
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Title |
Student opinion formation on animal agriculture issues |
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1994 |
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Journal of Animal Science |
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J. Anim Sci. |
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72 |
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6 |
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1654-1658 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2935 |
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Author |
Gonyou, H.W. |
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Title |
Why the study of animal behavior is associated with the animal welfare issue |
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Journal Article |
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1994 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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72 |
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8 |
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2171-2177 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2931 |
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Author |
Sappington, B.F.; Goldman, L. |
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Title |
Discrimination learning and concept formation in the Arabian horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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72 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
3080-3087 |
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Discrimination learning and concept formation abilities were investigated in four mature Arabian horses. A series of two-choice discrimination problems were presented on stimulus panels that could open to allow access to food bowls. Selection of the correct stimulus resulted in food reinforcement, and an incorrect choice was not rewarded. The positions of the correct and incorrect stimuli were varied randomly during each test session, and the criterion for learning each problem was 85% correct for two consecutive sessions of 30 or 40 trials. Testing progressed through six discrimination problems. The first four were simple pattern discriminations, but the last two incorporated several different triangles as correct stimuli and thus involved the concept of triangularity. Two of the subjects successfully completed only simple pattern discriminations, one showed evidence of learning in the first concept problem, and one completed all six tests, including the two concept formation problems. The results demonstrate complex pattern discrimination ability in horses, and suggest that they may also have the ability to form and use concepts in problem solving. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3569 |
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Pere, M.C. |
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Maternal and fetal blood levels of glucose, lactate, fructose, and insulin in the conscious pig |
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1995 |
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Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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73 |
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10 |
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2994-2999 |
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Animals; Blood Glucose/*analysis; Catheterization/methods/veterinary; Consciousness/physiology; Female; Fetal Blood/*chemistry; Fructose/analysis/*blood; Insulin/analysis/*blood; Lactates/analysis/*blood; Pregnancy; Swine/*blood/physiology |
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To study nutrition and metabolism in the fetal pig, a chronic catheterization method was developed that allows blood sampling in arteries and veins, at both the umbilical and uterine sources, in the conscious, unstressed animal. A catheter was inserted in the fetal aorta through a femoral artery, and another one was introduced in the umbilical vein. A catheter was put in a femoral artery of the sow so that its end was in the abdominal aorta. A fourth catheter was placed in a uterine vein draining the fetoplacental unit studied. This procedure was applied to 18 Large White primiparous sows at 99 d of gestation. Blood samples were drawn simultaneously using the four catheters before a meal at 103 d of pregnancy, and glucose, insulin, lactate, and fructose were determinated. Glycemia was 2.5 times higher in the sow than in the fetus. The extraction coefficient of glucose by the fetus amounted to 14% of the umbilical supply. The insulin level in the fetal pig was very low ( < 5 microU/mL). Lactate and fructose seemed to originate from the placenta. Blood lactate was 2.6 times lower in the sow than in the fetus, and its extraction coefficient by the fetus amounted to 8%. Fructose in the fetal blood was 2.3 times higher than that of glucose. Fructose was not utilized by the pig fetus. The present results obtained in the fetal pig are comparable to the conclusions drawn from studies with other species. |
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Station de Recherches Porcines, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Saint-Gilles, France |
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0021-8812 |
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PMID:8617670 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2751 |
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Author |
Swanson, J.C. |
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Title |
Farm animal well-being and intensive production systems |
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1995 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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73 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2744-2751 |
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Animal Husbandry/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards; Animal Rights/legislation & jurisprudence/standards; Animal Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards; Animals; Animals, Domestic/*growth & development/*physiology; Breeding/legislation & jurisprudence/*standards; Cattle; Chickens; Environment; Reproduction/physiology; Sheep; Swine |
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Animal welfare, or well-being, is a social issue with ethical, scientific, political, and aesthetic properties. Answering questions about the welfare of animals requires scientific definition, assessment, solutions, and public acceptance. With respect to the actual well-being of the animal, most issues are centered on how the animal “feels” when managed within a specific level of confinement, during special agricultural practices (e.g., tail docking, beak trimming, etc.) and handling. Questions of this nature may require exploration of animal cognition, motivation, perception, and emotional states in addition to more commonly recognized indicators of well-being. Several general approaches have emerged for solving problems concerning animal well-being in intensive production systems: environmental, genetic, and therapeutic. Environmental approaches involve modifying existing systems to accommodate specific welfare concerns or development of alternative systems. Genetic approaches involve changing the behavioral and (or) physiological nature of the animal to reduce or eliminate behaviors that are undesirable within intensive system. Therapeutic approaches of a physical (tail docking, beak trimming) and physiological (drug and nutritional therapy) nature bring both concern and promise with regard to the reduction of confinement stress. Finally, the recent focus on commodity quality assurance programs may indirectly provide benefits for animal well-being. Although research in the area of animal well-being will provide important information for better animal management, handling, care, and the physical design of intensive production systems there is still some uncertainty regarding public acceptance. The aesthetics of modern intensive production systems may have as much to do with public acceptance as with science. |
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Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA |
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0021-8812 |
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PMID:8582867 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2752 |
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Provenza, F.D. |
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Title |
Acquired aversions as the basis for varied diets of ruminants foraging on rangelands |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
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J. Anim Sci. |
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74 |
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8 |
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2010-2020 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2946 |
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Author |
Allen, C. |
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Title |
Assessing animal cognition: ethological and philosophical perspectives |
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Journal Article |
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1998 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
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76 |
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1 |
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42-47 |
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Agriculture; Animal Welfare; Animals; Animals, Domestic/physiology/*psychology; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cognition/*physiology; *Ethology; *Philosophy; Research |
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Developments in the scientific and philosophical study of animal cognition and mentality are of great importance to animal scientists who face continued public scrutiny of the treatment of animals in research and agriculture. Because beliefs about animal minds, animal cognition, and animal consciousness underlie many people's views about the ethical treatment of nonhuman animals, it has become increasingly difficult for animal scientists to avoid these issues. Animal scientists may learn from ethologists who study animal cognition and mentality from an evolutionary and comparative perspective and who are at the forefront of the development of naturalistic and laboratory techniques of observation and experimentation that are capable of revealing the cognitive and mental properties of nonhuman animals. Despite growing acceptance of the ethological study of animal cognition, there are critics who dispute the scientific validity of the field, especially when the topic is animal consciousness. Here, a proper understanding of developments in the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of science can help to place cognitive studies on a firm methodological and philosophical foundation. Ultimately, this is an interdisciplinary task, involving scientists and philosophers. Animal scientists are well-positioned to contribute to the study of animal cognition because they typically have access to a large pool of potential research subjects whose habitats are more controlled than in most field studies while being more natural than most laboratory psychology experiments. Despite some formidable questions remaining for analysis, the prospects for progress in assessing animal cognition are bright. |
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Department of Philosophy, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4237, USA |
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PMID:9464883 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2750 |
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Hoover, T.S.; Marshall, T.T. |
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A comparison of learning styles and demographic characteristics of students enrolled in selected animal science courses |
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1998 |
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Journal of Animal Science |
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J. Anim Sci. |
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76 |
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12 |
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3169-3173 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2939 |
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Honeyman, M.S.; Miller, G.S. |
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The effect of teaching approaches on achievement and satisfaction of field-dependent and field-independent learners in animal science |
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1998 |
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Journal of Animal Science |
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J. Anim Sci. |
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76 |
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6 |
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1710-1715 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2941 |
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Watts, J.M. |
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Animats: computer-simulated animals in behavioral research |
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1998 |
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Journal of Animal Science |
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J. Anim Sci. |
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76 |
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10 |
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2596-2604 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2936 |
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