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Gonyou, H.W. | ||||
| Title | Why the study of animal behavior is associated with the animal welfare issue | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1994 | Publication | Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume | 72 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 2171-2177 |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2931 | ||
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| Author |
Golden, J.W.; Kerley, M.S.; Kolath, W.H. | ||||
| Title | The relationship of feeding behavior to feed efficiency in crossbred Angus steers fed traditional and no roughage diets | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | jas.2005-569- | ||
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| Abstract | Two studies were conducted to determine the relationship of feeding behavior to the phenotypic expression of feed efficiency. In Exp. 1, a feedlot diet containing roughage was fed (traditional). In Exp. 2, a no-roughage diet was fed. Residual feed intake (RFI), a measure of feed efficiency, was calculated for both studies. In Exp. 1, 6 feed efficient (low RFI) steers and 6 feed inefficient steers (high RFI) were selected from a contemporary group of 80 steers, and feeding behaviors were analyzed. In Exp. 2, 9 feed efficient and 8 feed inefficient steers were selected from a contemporary group of 40 steers. There were no differences (P > 0.13) in initial or final BW or ADG between efficient and inefficient groups in either Exp. 1 or 2. In Exp. 1 DMI and average eating bouts daily differed (P < 0.001) with efficient steers consuming less feed and eating fewer times per day. In Exp. 2, efficient steers consumed less (P < 0.001) feed, and average eating bouts daily tended (P = 0.07) to be fewer in efficient animals. Limited differences were noted in feeding behavior between groups, with inefficient steers from both studies having a more variable eating pattern throughout the day. The average daily eating rate did not differ (P > 0.20) between groups in either experiment. The average number of days comprising a feeding pattern for both feed efficiency groups in Exp. 1 and 2 was found to be 2 to 3 d and multiples of 2 to 3 d. In Exp. 1 the feed intake pattern of efficient and inefficient steers changed once they reached a BW of approximately 391 kg and 381 kg, respectively. This occurred near d 47 for the efficient steers and near d 32 for inefficient steers. In Exp. 2 the feed intake pattern of both efficient and inefficient steers changed once they reached a BW of approximately 399 kg, which occurred on d 31 for the efficient steers and on d 33 for the inefficient steers. From the measured variables there were no differences in growth and limited differences noted in feeding behavior between feed efficient and feed inefficient groups. The results of the trials suggest increased variability of feed intake throughout the day for feed inefficient animals. | ||||
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| Notes | 10.2527/jas.2005-569 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4249 | ||
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| Author |
Duncan, I.J.; Petherick, J.C. | ||||
| Title | The implications of cognitive processes for animal welfare | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume | 69 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 5017-5022 |
| Keywords | *Animal Welfare; Animals; Animals, Domestic/*psychology; *Cognition | ||||
| Abstract | In general, codes that have been designed to safeguard the welfare of animals emphasize the importance of providing an environment that will ensure good health and a normal physiological and physical state, that is, they emphasize the animals' physical needs. If mental needs are mentioned, they are always relegated to secondary importance. The argument is put forward here that animal welfare is dependent solely on the cognitive needs of the animals concerned. In general, if these cognitive needs are met, they will protect the animals' physical needs. It is contended that in the few cases in which they do not safeguard the physical needs, it does not matter from a welfare point of view. The human example is given of being ill. It is argued that welfare is only adversely affected when a person feels ill, knows that he or she is ill, or even thinks that he or she is ill, all of which processes are cognitive ones. The implications for welfare of animals possessing certain cognitive abilities are discussed. For example, the extent to which animals are aware of their internal state while performing behavior known to be indicative of so-called states of suffering, such as fear, frustration, and pain, will determine how much they are actually suffering. With careful experimentation it may be possible to determine how negative they feel these states to be. Similarly, the extent to which animals think about items or events absent from their immediate environment will determine how frustrated they are in the absence of the real item or event but in the presence of the cognitive representation. | ||||
| Address | University of Guelph, Canada | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0021-8812 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:1808195 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2753 | ||
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| Author |
Davis, S.L.; Cheeke, P.R. | ||||
| Title | Do domestic animals have minds and the ability to think? A provisional sample of opinions on the question | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume | 76 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 2072-2079 |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2930 | ||
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| Author |
Curtis, S.E.; Stricklin, W.R. | ||||
| Title | The importance of animal cognition in agricultural animal production systems: an overview | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume | 69 | Issue | 12 | Pages | 5001-5007 |
| Keywords | *Agriculture; Animal Population Groups/*psychology; *Animal Welfare; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Heat; Helplessness, Learned; Housing, Animal/standards; Immobilization; Nesting Behavior; Pain/psychology/veterinary | ||||
| Abstract | To describe and then fulfill agricultural animals' needs, we must learn more about their fundamental psychological and behavioral processes. How does this animal feel? Is that animal suffering? Will we ever be able to know these things? Scientists specializing in animal cognition say that there are numerous problems but that they can be overcome. Recognition by scientists of the notion of animal awareness has been increasing in recent years, because of the work of Griffin and others. Feeling, thinking, remembering, and imagining are cognitive processes that are factors in the economic and humane production of agricultural animals. It has been observed that the animal welfare debate depends on two controversial questions: Do animals have subjective feelings? If they do, can we find indicators that reveal them? Here, indirect behavioral analysis approaches must be taken. Moreover, the linear additivity of several stressor effects on a variety of animal traits suggests that some single phenomenon is acting as a “clearinghouse” for many or all of the stresses acting on an animal at any given time, and this phenomenon might be psychological stress. Specific situations animals may encounter in agricultural production settings are discussed with respect to the animals' subjective feelings. | ||||
| Address | University of Illinois, Urbana 61801 | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0021-8812 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:1808193 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2754 | ||
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| Author |
Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A.; Carnevale, J. | ||||
| Title | Feeding and drinking behavior of mares and foals with free access to pasture and water | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1985 | Publication | Journal of animal science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume | 60 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 883-889 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Drinking Behavior; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Poaceae; Seasons; Temperature; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | The feeding and drinking behavior of 11 mares and 15 foals living on pasture with free access to water was recorded during 2,340 15-min focal samples taken over 2 yr. Lactating mares on pasture spent about 70% of the day feeding. Foals began feeding on their first day of life. As they grew older, they spent progressively more time feeding, but still spent only 47 +/- 6% of the time feeding by 21 wk of age. Foals fed primarily during the early morning and evening. While grass formed the major proportion of the diet of both foals and mares, they also ate clay, humus, feces, bark, leaves and twigs. Almost all feeding by foals was done while their mothers were feeding. Movement to water sources was frequently, but not invariably, carried out by an entire herd. Frequency (P = .005) but not duration (P greater than .05) of drinking bouts by mares increased as the temperature increased. Frequency was greatest at 30 to 35 C, at which temperature mares drank once every 1.8 h. Frequency of drinking varied with the time of day (P less than .01), being rarest during the early morning (0500 to 0900 h eastern daylight time) and most frequent during the afternoon (1300 to 1700 h). Drinking by foals was very rare. The youngest age at which a foal was observed to drink was 3 wk, and 8 of 15 foals were never observed to drink before weaning. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0021-8812 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:3988655 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 54 | ||
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| Author |
Croney, C.C.; Millman, S.T. | ||||
| Title | BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: The ethical and behavioral bases for farm animal welfare legislation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume | 85 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 556-565 |
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| Abstract | Concerns about farm animal welfare vary among individuals and societies. As people increasingly consider the values underlying current farm animal production methods, farm animal welfare policy debates have escalated. Recent food animal protection policies enacted in the European Union have fueled highly contentious discussions about the need for similar legislative activity in the United States. Policymakers and scientists in the United States are apprehensive about the scientific assessment, validation, and monitoring of animal welfare, as well as the unforeseen consequences of moving too hastily toward legislating farm animal welfare. The potential impact of such legislation on producers, food prices, animals, and concerned citizens must also be considered. Balancing the interests of all stakeholders has therefore presented a considerable challenge that has stymied US policymaking. In this review, we examine the roles of ethics and science in policy decisions, discuss how scientific knowledge relative to animal behavior has been incorporated into animal welfare policy, and identify opportunities for additional refinement of animal welfare science that may facilitate ethical and policy decisions about animal care. | ||||
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| Notes | 10.2527/jas.2006-422 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2932 | ||
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| Author |
Craig, J.V. | ||||
| Title | Measuring social behavior: social dominance | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1986 | Publication | Journal of animal science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume | 62 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 1120-1129 |
| Keywords | Aggression; Agonistic Behavior; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cattle; Chickens; Competitive Behavior; Female; Horses; Male; *Social Dominance; Swine | ||||
| Abstract | Social dominance develops more slowly when young animals are kept in intact peer groups where they need not compete for resources. Learned generalizations may cause smaller and weaker animals to accept subordinate status readily when confronted with strangers that would be formidable opponents. Sexual hormones and sensitivity to them can influence the onset of aggression and status attained. After dominance orders are established, they tend to be stable in female groups but are less so in male groups. Psychological influences can affect dominance relationships when strangers meet and social alliances within groups may affect relative status of individuals. Whether status associated with agonistic behavior is correlated with control of space and scarce resources needs to be determined for each species and each kind of resource. When such correlations exists, competitive tests and agonistic behavior associated with gaining access to scarce resources can be useful to the observer in learning about dominance relationships rapidly. Examples are given to illustrate how estimates of social dominance can be readily attained and some strengths and weaknesses of the various methods. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0021-8812 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:3519554 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 676 | ||
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| Author |
BROUCEK,J.; UHRINCAT,M.; ARAVE,C. W.; FRIEND,T. H.; MIHINA,S.; KISAC,P.; HANUS, A. | ||||
| Title | Effects of Rearing Methods of Heifers during Milk Replacement Period | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Czech Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | Czech J. Anim. Sci |
| Volume | 71 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 509-516 |
| Keywords | Heifers, behaviour, maze, feeding, housing | ||||
| Abstract | Fifty-eight Holstein heifer calves were assigned to one out of three treatment groups after having nursed by their mothers for the first week: BN) individual hutch, bucket with nipple n=25; DF)loose housing pen, machine milk feeder, n=16; NC) loose housing pen, nursing cow, n=17. After weaning at 8 weeks, all calves were kept in group pens. At 15 weeks of age, the behaviour in the 6-unit maze (16.4 – 4.5 m) was determined. On the first observation day, the calves were tested five times (the first one for training); on the second day there were four runs. The calves had to solve two tasks. In task A, the passage was open on the left side, and on the right side (task B) on the next day. We were testing the following hypothesis: the speed of traversing the maze is affected by the rearing system. The slowest were NC calves. On the first day (task A), the average time to traverse the maze among treatments DF (43.9 s), BN (53 s) and NC (111.3 s) was different (F = 8.26*, P = 0.0007). On the second day (task B), the averages were: BN 77.1 s, DF 83.8 s and DC 166.6 s (F=8.17*, P = 0.0008). The results indicate that the feeding method and housing used to rear calves may have a significant impact on their maze behaviour. | ||||
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4323 | ||
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| Author |
Broucek, J.; Ksac, P.; Uhrincat, M. | ||||
| Title | The effect of sire line on learning and locomotor behaviour of heifers | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Czech Journal of Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | Czech J. Anim. Sci |
| Volume | 48 | Issue | Pages | 387-394 | |
| Keywords | heifers; sire; maze; open-field test; repeatability; learning; locomotor behaviour relationship | ||||
| Abstract | ABSTRACT: e aim of this study was to test the effect of sire line on maze learning ability and locomotor behaviour in open-field tests of heifers, consistency over the time of grid crossing and relationship between the time of traversing the maze and grid crossings in open-field tests, respectively. We analysed the results of ethological tests for 54 Holstein heifers that descended from 7 sires. Maze behaviour was observed at the age of 15 weeks, an open-field test was applied at two age periods, 16 weeks and 18 months. We found out highly significant differences in the time of traversing the maze between heifers of different sire origin (P < 0.01). e number of grid crossings over the five minutes of the open-field test did not differ between the daughters of the age of 16 weeks and 18 months. Repeatability between the number of grid crossings at the age of 16 weeks and 18 months was proved by significant correlation (r = 0.2713*). On the contrary, significant relationships between the times of traversing the maze and locomotor behaviour in the open-field test (r =-0.3739*) were found only when the sequence of observations followed after a week pause (age of 15 and 16 weeks). |
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| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4322 | ||
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