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Author Brosnan, S.F.; de Waal, F.B.M. doi  openurl
  Title A concept of value during experimental exchange in brown capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella Type Journal Article
  Year 2004 Publication Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology Abbreviated Journal Folia Primatol (Basel)  
  Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages 317-330  
  Keywords Animals; Cebus/*psychology; *Choice Behavior; Female; Food Preferences; *Learning; Male; Sex Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; *Token Economy; Video Recording  
  Abstract We evaluated the response of brown capuchin monkeys to two differentially valued tokens in an experimental exchange situation akin to a simple barter. Monkeys were given a series of three tests to evaluate their ability to associate tokens with food, then their responses were examined in a barter situation in which tokens were either limited or unlimited. Capuchins did not perform barter in the typical sense, returning the tokens which were associated with the reward. However, females, but not males, showed a different response, preferring the higher-value token. This may indicate that they learned to prefer one token over the other rather than to associate the tokens with their specific rewards. This sex difference parallels previous findings of greater reciprocity in female brown capuchins than in males.  
  Address Living Links Center, Emory University, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 N. Gatewood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. sbrosna@emory.edu  
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  ISSN 0015-5713 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:15486443 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 170  
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Author Judge, P.G.; de Waal, F.B. openurl 
  Title Intergroup grooming relations between alpha females in a population of free-ranging rhesus macaques Type Journal Article
  Year 1994 Publication Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology Abbreviated Journal Folia Primatol (Basel)  
  Volume 63 Issue 2 Pages 63-70  
  Keywords Animals; Animals, Wild; Female; *Grooming; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; Population Density; *Social Behavior  
  Abstract Intergroup affiliation among female rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta, was examined in the captive free-ranging colony of Morgan Island, S.C., USA. The provisioned colony has many social groups (35) and is maintained at a relatively high population density (21 animals/ha) with a relatively low adult male to female ratio (1:8.8). Focal and ad libitum samples were collected on 32 adults (3 males and 29 females) from two groups. Although infrequent, grooming was observed between adult females from different groups, and alpha females were the main participants in these interactions. Colony records indicated that none of the intergroup grooms was between females formerly from a common group. Relations between familiar neighboring groups may be maintained by a combination of both affiliative and aggressive behavior.  
  Address Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Lawrenceville, Ga 30243  
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  ISSN 0015-5713 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:7813977 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 208  
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Author de Waal, F.B.; Luttrell, L.M. openurl 
  Title The similarity principle underlying social bonding among female rhesus monkeys Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology Abbreviated Journal Folia Primatol (Basel)  
  Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 215-234  
  Keywords Aggression; Animals; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Grooming; *Group Processes; Macaca/*physiology; Macaca mulatta/*physiology; Male; *Object Attachment  
  Abstract Twenty adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were observed over a three-year period. They lived in a mixed captive group with kinship relations known for three generations. The study's aim was to test Seyfarth's [J. theor. Biol. 65: 671-698, 1977] model of rank-related grooming and to investigate two other possible determinants of social bonding, i.e. relative age and the group's stratification into two social classes. Data on affiliation, coalitions, and social competition were collected by means of both focal observation and instantaneous time sampling. Whereas certain elements of the existing model were confirmed, its explanatory principles were not. Social competition did not result in more contact among close-ranking females (the opposite effect was found), and the relation between affiliative behavior and coalitions was more complex than predicted. Based on multivariate analyses and a comparison of theoretical models, we propose a simpler, more encompassing principle underlying interfemale attraction. According to this 'similarity principle', rhesus females establish bonds with females whom they most resemble. The similarity may concern genetical and social background, age, hierarchical position and social class. Effects of these four factors were independently demonstrated. The most successful model assumed that similarity factors influence female bonding in a cumulative fashion.  
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  Notes PMID:3557225 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 211  
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Author Alexander, B.K.; Bowers, J.M. openurl 
  Title Social organization of a troop of Japanese monkeys in a two-acre enclosure Type Journal Article
  Year 1969 Publication Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Folia Primatol (Basel)  
  Volume 10 Issue 3 Pages 230-242  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Haplorhini; Leadership; *Social Behavior  
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  Notes PMID:4976202 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2055  
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Author Kaplan, G.; Rogers, L.J. doi  openurl
  Title Patterns of Gazing in Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Int. J. Primatol.  
  Volume 23 Issue 3 Pages 501-526  
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  Abstract Eyes play an important role in communication amongst humans and animals. However, relatively little is known about specific differences in eye morphology amongst primates and how these features might be associated with social structure and direction of gaze. We present a detailed study of gazing and eye morphology-exposed sclera and surrounding features in orangutans. We measured gazing in rehabilitating orangutans in two contexts: interspecific viewing of the experimenter (with video camera) and intraspecific gazing (between subjects). Our findings show that direct staring is avoided and social looking is limited to certain age/social categories: juveniles engage in more looking at other orangutans than do adults or infants. While orangutans use eye movements in social communication, they avoid the more prolonged mutual gaze that is characteristic of humans, and also apparent in chimpanzees and gorillas. Detailed frame-by-frame analysis of videotapes from field and zoo studies of orangutans revealed that they pay visual attention to both human observers and conspecifics by glancing sideways, with the head turned at an angle away from the subject being observed. Mutual gaze was extremely rare, and we have observed only two incidences of gaze following. Orangutans in captivity appear to use a more restricted pattern of gazes compared to free-living, rehabilitating ones, possibly suggesting the presence of a pathological condition (such as depression) in the captive subjects. Our findings have implications for further investigations of social communication and cognition in orangutans.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3398  
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Author Potì , P.; Bartolommei, P.; Saporiti, M. doi  openurl
  Title Landmark Use by Cebus apella Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Int. J. Primatol.  
  Volume 26 Issue Pages 921-948  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3508  
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Author Sterling, E.J.; Povinelli, D.J. openurl 
  Title Tool use, aye-ayes, and sensorimotor intelligence Type Journal Article
  Year 1999 Publication Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Folia Primatol (Basel)  
  Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 8-16  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Feeding Behavior; Female; *Intelligence; Male; Problem Solving; *Psychomotor Performance; Strepsirhini/*physiology/psychology  
  Abstract Humans, chimpanzees, capuchins and aye-ayes all display an unusually high degree of encephalization and diverse omnivorous extractive foraging. It has been suggested that the high degree of encephalization in aye-ayes may be the result of their diverse, omnivorous extractive foraging behaviors. In combination with certain forms of tool use, omnivorous extractive foraging has been hypothesized to be linked to higher levels of sensorimotor intelligence (stages 5 or 6). Although free-ranging aye-ayes have not been observed to use tools directly in the context of their extractive foraging activities, they have recently been reported to use lianas as tools in a manner that independently suggests that they may possess stage 5 or 6 sensorimotor intelligence. Although other primate species which display diverse, omnivorous extractive foraging have been tested for sensorimotor intelligence, aye-ayes have not. We report a test of captive aye-ayes' comprehension of tool use in a situation designed to simulate natural conditions. The results support the view that aye-ayes do not achieve stage 6 comprehension of tool use, but rather may use trial-and-error learning to develop tool-use behaviors. Other theories for aye-aye encephalization are considered.  
  Address Deutsches Primatenzentrum, Gottingen, Germany  
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  Notes PMID:10050062 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4178  
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Author Jolly, A. openurl 
  Title Pair-bonding, female aggression and the evolution of lemur societies Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Folia Primatol (Basel)  
  Volume 69 Suppl 1 Issue Pages 1-13  
  Keywords *Aggression; Animals; Evolution; Female; Intelligence; Lemur/*psychology; Male; *Pair Bond; Sex Factors; Social Dominance; Strepsirhini/psychology  
  Abstract Lemur societies have been described as convergent with those of anthropoids, including Papio-like female-bonded multi-male groups. Recent research, however, shows at least 5 pair-bonded species among the Lemuridae and Indriidae. Three more, Eulemur mongoz, Eulemur fulvus and Varecia variegata, have societies combining aspects of pairing with aspects of troop life. The best-known female-bonded societies, those of Lemur catta, Propithecus diadema edwardsi and Propithecus verreauxi, may be assemblages of mother-daughter dyads, capable of high aggression towards other females, but derived from more solitary female ancestors, perhaps also living as pairs. The internal structure of such lemur groups differs from the more extensive kin groups of catarrhines. This in turn may relate to the lemurs' level of social intelligence and to lemur female dominance over males.  
  Address Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, N.J. 08544, USA. ajolly@princeton.edu  
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  Notes PMID:9595685 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4179  
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Author Marchal, P.; Anderson, J.R. openurl 
  Title Mirror-image responses in capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus): social responses and use of reflected environmental information Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Folia Primatol (Basel)  
  Volume 61 Issue 3 Pages 165-173  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cebus/*psychology; *Cognition; Female; Male; Self Concept; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior  
  Abstract  
  Address Laboratoire de Psychophysiologie (CNRS URA 1295), Universite Louis-Pasteur, Strasbourg, France  
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  Notes PMID:8206423 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4180  
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Author Rudran, R. openurl 
  Title Adult male replacement in one-male troops of purple-faced langurs (Presbytis senex senex) and its effect on population structure Type Journal Article
  Year 1973 Publication Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Folia Primatol (Basel)  
  Volume 19 Issue 2 Pages 166-192  
  Keywords Age Factors; Aggression; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; *Haplorhini; Humans; Leadership; Male; Maternal Behavior; Population Density; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:4201908 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4182  
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