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Author (up) Alexander, B.K.; Bowers, J.M.
Title Social organization of a troop of Japanese monkeys in a two-acre enclosure Type Journal Article
Year 1969 Publication Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Folia Primatol (Basel)
Volume 10 Issue 3 Pages 230-242
Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Haplorhini; Leadership; *Social Behavior
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0015-5713 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:4976202 Approved no
Call Number Serial 2055
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Author (up) Bourlière, F.
Title Primate communities: Their structure and role in tropical ecosystems Type Journal Article
Year 1985 Publication International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Int. J. Primatol.
Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 1-26
Keywords
Abstract The structure of primate communities living in a number of undisturbed areas is described and compared. Species richness is highest in tropical rain forests of Africa and South America, where up to 14 different species can share the same habitat. The number of sympatric primates in woodlands and savannas is always much lower. Some striking differences in community structure may be observed between communities living in apparently similar habitats. Three major factors may be held responsible for such discrepancies: history and paleoecology, present spatial heterogeneity of the vegetation, and competition with other taxonomic groups. The role of primates in the functioning of forest ecosystems is discussed. Though their trophic impact may be important, the role they play in seed dispersal appears to be more significant; they contribute greatly to homeostasis, as well as to regeneration, of the rain forests. A number of ecological traits are particularly developed among primates and may have contributed to the rapid evolutionary success of the order. Their predominantly vegetarian diet allows them to build up higher population densities than sympatric carnivorous mammals;their arborealism permits them to make use of all edible plant material available in a tridimensional environment; the opportunistic tendencies of some cebids, cercopithecids, and pongids enable them to take advantage of a variety of habitats and situations; and finally, an extended socialization period and a long life-span, allowing them to develop social traditions, give to many of them a further possibility to adapt quickly to novel situations.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4251
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Author (up) Brosnan, S.F.; de Waal, F.B.M.
Title A concept of value during experimental exchange in brown capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella Type Journal Article
Year 2004 Publication Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology Abbreviated Journal Folia Primatol (Basel)
Volume 75 Issue 5 Pages 317-330
Keywords Animals; Cebus/*psychology; *Choice Behavior; Female; Food Preferences; *Learning; Male; Sex Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; *Token Economy; Video Recording
Abstract We evaluated the response of brown capuchin monkeys to two differentially valued tokens in an experimental exchange situation akin to a simple barter. Monkeys were given a series of three tests to evaluate their ability to associate tokens with food, then their responses were examined in a barter situation in which tokens were either limited or unlimited. Capuchins did not perform barter in the typical sense, returning the tokens which were associated with the reward. However, females, but not males, showed a different response, preferring the higher-value token. This may indicate that they learned to prefer one token over the other rather than to associate the tokens with their specific rewards. This sex difference parallels previous findings of greater reciprocity in female brown capuchins than in males.
Address Living Links Center, Emory University, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, 954 N. Gatewood Drive, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. sbrosna@emory.edu
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ISSN 0015-5713 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:15486443 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 170
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Author (up) Cambefort, J.P.
Title A comparative study of culturally transmitted patterns of feeding habits in the chacma baboon Papio ursinus and the vervet monkey Cercopithecus aethiops Type Journal Article
Year 1981 Publication Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Folia Primatol (Basel)
Volume 36 Issue 3-4 Pages 243-263
Keywords Age Factors; Animals; *Cercopithecus; *Cercopithecus aethiops; Culture; *Feeding Behavior; Female; Group Structure; Learning; Male; *Papio; Social Class; Teaching
Abstract Japanese workers have studied social acquisition patterns of new feeding habits in Macaca fuscata which they have termed precultural. The present study investigates the same phenomenon in the chacma baboon and the vervet monkey in their natural habitat. The questions addressed are: (1) How a new feeding habit enters a troop and by which age and sex category, also how it is propagated? (2) When individuals are permitted with a choice between palatable and unpalatable food, can they learn by demonstration only or do they have to pass through a direct learning process? (3) Can the results from the above questions be explained by social parameters such as the social structure of the individual species? It was found that juvenile baboons discover new food and that after the discovery propagation is instantaneous. In vervets discovery is random among the age classes and propagation is slow and takes place through certain 'pivot' individuals. Both species fail to learn about palatability by demonstration but have to go through a direct learning process. This contrasts strongly with the forest baboon Mandrillus sphinx that have been shown to learn by demonstration. Socially, baboon juveniles stay closer to each other than the adults who force them to live at the periphery of the troop. Vervets again forage without precise sub-group formation. The link between social and cultural propagation and social structure is discussed on the basis of these findings.
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ISSN 0015-5713 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:7319426 Approved no
Call Number Serial 2087
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Author (up) de Waal, F.B.; Luttrell, L.M.
Title The similarity principle underlying social bonding among female rhesus monkeys Type Journal Article
Year 1986 Publication Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology Abbreviated Journal Folia Primatol (Basel)
Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 215-234
Keywords Aggression; Animals; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Grooming; *Group Processes; Macaca/*physiology; Macaca mulatta/*physiology; Male; *Object Attachment
Abstract Twenty adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were observed over a three-year period. They lived in a mixed captive group with kinship relations known for three generations. The study's aim was to test Seyfarth's [J. theor. Biol. 65: 671-698, 1977] model of rank-related grooming and to investigate two other possible determinants of social bonding, i.e. relative age and the group's stratification into two social classes. Data on affiliation, coalitions, and social competition were collected by means of both focal observation and instantaneous time sampling. Whereas certain elements of the existing model were confirmed, its explanatory principles were not. Social competition did not result in more contact among close-ranking females (the opposite effect was found), and the relation between affiliative behavior and coalitions was more complex than predicted. Based on multivariate analyses and a comparison of theoretical models, we propose a simpler, more encompassing principle underlying interfemale attraction. According to this 'similarity principle', rhesus females establish bonds with females whom they most resemble. The similarity may concern genetical and social background, age, hierarchical position and social class. Effects of these four factors were independently demonstrated. The most successful model assumed that similarity factors influence female bonding in a cumulative fashion.
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ISSN 0015-5713 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:3557225 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 211
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Author (up) Deutsch, J.; Lee, P.
Title Dominance and feeding competition in captive rhesus monkeys Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Int. J. Primatol.
Volume 12 Issue 6 Pages 615-628
Keywords female dominance – feeding competition – nutrition – stress
Abstract The feeding behavior of 16 adult female rhesus monkeys living in three captive social groups was observed. Estimates of relative food intake, feeding rate, and location of feeding in relation to food sources were compared between females of different dominance ranks. Higher-ranking females had greater access to feeding sites and were supplanted or threatened less frequently while feeding than subordinates. However, no consistent differences in estimates of total intake were found between females of high and females of low rank. The effects of dominance on feeding behavior were most pronounced in the group receiving the least food relative to estimates of overall group nutritional requirements. Higher-ranking females, both over the long term and during the study period, tended to produce more surviving offspring. The effects of dominance on reproductive performance appeared to be less related to food intake than to competitive and aggressive interactions, potentially resulting in higher levels of stress for subordinates.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 813
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Author (up) Dubuc, C.; Chapais, B.
Title Feeding Competition in Macaca fascicularis : An Assessment of the Early Arrival Tactic Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Int. J. Primatol.
Volume Issue Pages
Keywords male tolerance – alternative tactics – arrival order – dominance – Macaca fascicularis
Abstract In primate species with unidirectional dominance relationships, rank order restricts the access of nondominant females to clumped resources. However, females might attempt to bypass the rank order by reaching feeding sites before the highest ranking individuals (early arrival tactic) when there are net benefits. We therefore analyzed the order of arrival to the feeding site of the adult members of a captive group of long-tailed macaques. We used 2 experimental conditions that differed in the spatial distribution of a fixed amount of food (large vs. small patch). Though each condition induced contest competition, it was stronger in the small-patch condition. Arrival order does not correlate with dominance rank in either experimental condition. The α-male and α-female reached the feeding site 10-30 s after the beginning of the test. Some females seized on opportunities to reach the feeding site before them, especially in the large-patch condition. They used the early arrival tactic when the risks of aggression were relatively low, which subjects accomplished either by being dominant or by being nondominant but tolerated by the α-male. Social tolerance may provide individuals with an alternative means to obtain resources. In sum, variation in food abundance and distribution may affect the extent to which rank order determines order of arrival to feeding sites. A higher rank may confer priority in the choice of tactics, but not necessarily priority of access to the resources themselves.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 812
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Author (up) Erhart, E.; Overdorff, D.
Title Female Coordination of Group Travel in Wild Propithecus and Eulemur Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Int. J. Primatol.
Volume 20 Issue 6 Pages 927-940-940
Keywords Biomedical and Life Sciences
Abstract Coordination of primate group movements by individual group members is generally categorized as leadership behavior, which entails several steps: deciding where to move next, initiating travel, and leading a group between food, water sources, and rest sites. Presumably, leaders are able to influence their daily foraging efficiency and nutritional intake, which could influence an individual's feeding ecology and long-term reproductive success. Within anthropoid species, females lead group movements in most female-bonded groups, while males lead groups in most nonfemale-bonded groups. Group leadership has not been described for social prosimians, which are typically not female-bonded. We describe group movements in two nonfemale-bonded, lemurid species living in southeastern Madagascar, Propithecus diadema edwardsi and Eulemur fulvus rufus. Although several social lemurids exhibit female dominance Eulemur fulvus rufus does not, and evidence for female dominance is equivocal in Propithecus diadema edwardsi. Given the ecological stresses that females face during reproduction, we predict that females in these two species will implement alternative behavioral strategies such as group leadership in conjunction with, or in the absence of, dominance interactions to improve access to food. We found that females in both species initiated and led group movements significantly more often than males did. In groups with multiple females, one female was primarily responsible for initiating and leading group movements. We conclude that female nutritional needs may determine ranging behavior to a large extent in these prosimian species, at least during months of gestation and lactation.
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Publisher Springer Netherlands Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0164-0291 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5308
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Author (up) Hrdy, S.B.
Title Male-male competition and infanticide among the langurs (Presbytis entellus) of Abu, Rajasthan Type Journal Article
Year 1974 Publication Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Folia Primatol (Basel)
Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 19-58
Keywords Aggression; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Coitus; *Competitive Behavior; Estrus; Feeding Behavior; Female; *Haplorhini; Homing Behavior; Humans; India; Infanticide; Leadership; Male; Maternal Behavior; Population Density; Pregnancy; Rain; Seasons; Sex Factors; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Behavior; Temperature; Vocalization, Animal
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ISSN 0015-5713 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:4215710 Approved no
Call Number Serial 2051
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Author (up) Jolly, A.
Title Pair-bonding, female aggression and the evolution of lemur societies Type Journal Article
Year 1998 Publication Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Folia Primatol (Basel)
Volume 69 Suppl 1 Issue Pages 1-13
Keywords *Aggression; Animals; Evolution; Female; Intelligence; Lemur/*psychology; Male; *Pair Bond; Sex Factors; Social Dominance; Strepsirhini/psychology
Abstract Lemur societies have been described as convergent with those of anthropoids, including Papio-like female-bonded multi-male groups. Recent research, however, shows at least 5 pair-bonded species among the Lemuridae and Indriidae. Three more, Eulemur mongoz, Eulemur fulvus and Varecia variegata, have societies combining aspects of pairing with aspects of troop life. The best-known female-bonded societies, those of Lemur catta, Propithecus diadema edwardsi and Propithecus verreauxi, may be assemblages of mother-daughter dyads, capable of high aggression towards other females, but derived from more solitary female ancestors, perhaps also living as pairs. The internal structure of such lemur groups differs from the more extensive kin groups of catarrhines. This in turn may relate to the lemurs' level of social intelligence and to lemur female dominance over males.
Address Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, N.J. 08544, USA. ajolly@princeton.edu
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ISSN 0015-5713 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:9595685 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4179
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