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Author (up) Podos, J.
Title Early perspectives on the evolution of behavior: Charles Otis Whitman and Oskar Heinroth Type Journal Article
Year 1964 Publication Ethology Ecology & Evolution (EEE) Abbreviated Journal Ethol Ecol Evol
Volume 6 Issue 4 Pages 467-480
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2293
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Author (up) Powell, D.
Title Female–female competition or male mate choice? Patterns of courtship and breeding behavior among feral horses (Equus caballus) on Assateague Island Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Journal of Ethology Abbreviated Journal J. Ethol.
Volume 26 Issue 1 Pages 137-144-144
Keywords Biomedical and Life Sciences
Abstract Previous research on the Assateague horses found that high-ranking females had more surviving offspring than low-ranking females. Variance in reproductive success may be the result of a variety of proximate processes that affect sexual behavior such as mate choice and mate competition. A study was done to determine whether patterns of courtship, social, and sexual behavior could be identified that would suggest mate choice and/or mate competition. Behavioral data were collected from approximately 40 sexually mature mares living in harem bands. Stallions showed more interest in the eliminations of dominant mares than subordinate mares. Males also engaged in significantly more high-intensity (e.g., mounts and copulations) sexual behavior with dominant mares than subordinate mares, and there was a trend for males to engage in more low-intensity (e.g., flehmen and ano-genital sniffing) sexual behavior with dominant mares than subordinate mares. There was no effect of mare rank on spatial relationships with the stallion; however, dominant mares did attempt to restrict reproductive access to the stallion by harassing and disrupting copulations. Higher foaling rates among dominant mares on Assateague Island could therefore be the result of rank-related mate choice by stallions and direct female competition for mating opportunities.
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Publisher Springer Japan Place of Publication Editor
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ISSN 0289-0771 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5412
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Author (up) Raquel Monclús; Heiko G. Rödel
Title Influence of Different Individual Traits on Vigilance Behaviour in European Rabbits Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication Ethology Abbreviated Journal Ethology
Volume 115 Issue 8 Pages 758-766
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Abstract An animal's level of vigilance depends on various environmental factors such as predator presence or the proximity of conspecific competitors. In addition, several individual traits may influence vigilance. We investigated the effects of body condition, social rank and the state of pregnancy on individual vigilance (scanning) rates in individually marked European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) of a field enclosure population. We found lower rates in young rabbits than in adult females, but male and female juveniles did not differ. Vigilance of juveniles was positively correlated with their age-dependent body mass (used as a measure of body condition), i.e. young rabbits with lower body condition scanned less. We suggest that juveniles with low body condition were trading off vigilance against feeding to maximise their growth. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between body mass and vigilance in adult females. Adult females increased scanning rates during late pregnancy, which might constitute a behavioural compensation because of their lower capacity to escape predator attacks. In addition, adult females with low social ranks scanned more than high ranking individuals, likely because of their higher risk of attacks by conspecifics. In summary, our results highlight various individual characteristics that influence vigilance behaviour in European rabbits.
Address Unidad de Zoologa, Dpto. Biologa, Universidad Autnoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Department of Animal Physiology, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Publisher Place of Publication © 2009 Blackwell Verlag GmbH Editor
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4994
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Author (up) Rendall, D.
Title Review of Machiavellian Intelligence II: Extensions and Evaluations Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Ethology Abbreviated Journal Ethology
Volume 105 Issue 2 Pages 178-182
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3998
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Author (up) Roth II,T.C.; Cox, J.G.; Lima, S.L.
Title The Use and Transfer of Information About Predation Risk in Flocks of Wintering Finches Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Ethology Abbreviated Journal Ethology
Volume 114 Issue 12 Pages 1218 - 1226
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Abstract ABSTRACT

Several studies in behavior have focused in some way on how groups of prey gather and use information about predation risk. Although asymmetries in information about risk exist among members of real groups, we know little about how such uneven information might affect individual or group antipredator decisions. Hence, we studied the use and transfer of information about the risk of predation in small flocks of wintering birds. House finches (Carpodacus mexicanus; 28 groups of three) were held in large enclosures divided into safe and risky patches. We controlled the information about risk available to each individual by conducting attacks with a model hawk that was visible to only a single (informed) bird. Repeated attacks on a single individual did not reduce the amount of feeding by other birds in that patch, although the time to resume feeding after observing a response to an attack event was somewhat longer than after a no attack event. These results suggest that informed individuals impart some information to naive (uninformed) birds, but this effect was not strong. In fact, the frequent return of informed individuals to feeders after observing uninformed individuals feed suggests that finches relied more on public information regarding safety than their own personal information in deciding when to feed. Group patch choice appeared to be based on a majority-rules decision, although an effect of dominance status was apparent. Our results suggest that subordinate flock members may exert a large influence over group decision-making by acting as spatial 'anchors'.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4704
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Author (up) Rubenstein D. I.,
Title Reproductive value and behavioral strategies: coming of age in monkeys and horses Type Journal Article
Year 1982 Publication Perspectives in Ethology Abbreviated Journal Perspect Ethol
Volume 5 Issue Pages 469-487
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1525
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Author (up) Rutberg, A.T.
Title Horse Fly Harassment and the Social Behavior of Feral Ponies Type Journal Article
Year 1987 Publication Ethology Abbreviated Journal Ethology
Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 145-154
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Abstract Abstract Horse flies (Tabanidae) on and around feral ponies in harem groups were counted at Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland, U.S.A., between June and August 1985. Harem stallions attracted the most flies; adult mares showed intermediate fly numbers, while few flies landed on foals under any circumstances. The use of thermal and chemical cues by flies selecting a host may have helped create this disparity. When flies were abundant, ponies reduced spacing within the group. Ponies in larger groups suffered from fewer flies than ponies in smaller groups. There was, however, no evidence that ponies merged into larger groups in response to fly harassment, suggesting that biting flies play little role in structuring pony social organization.
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Publisher Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111) Place of Publication Editor
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ISSN 0179-1613 ISBN Medium
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Notes doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1987.tb00648.x Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6417
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Author (up) Sakura O; Matsuzawa T
Title Flexibility of wild chimpanzees nut-cracking behavior using stone hammers and anvils: an experimental analysis Type Journal Article
Year 1991 Publication Ethology Abbreviated Journal Ethology
Volume 87 Issue Pages 237
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3038
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Author (up) Sato, S.
Title Leadership during actual grazing in a small herd of cattle Type Journal Article
Year 1982 Publication Applied Animal Ethology Abbreviated Journal Appl. Animal. Ethol.
Volume 8 Issue 1-2 Pages 53-65
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Abstract An understanding of patterns of leadership during grazing movements is important where the management of grazing cattle is concerned. This paper describes the leadership displayed by grazing cattle by recording the spatial relationship (grazing style) among herd members as the group progressed slowly through a field. Grazing style was divided into “A”, “B” and “C”, meaning following, independence and leading, respectively. The results revealed the following features: (1) the frequency distributions of grazing style and grazing formation used by the herd varied with the seasons; (2) the individual animal variation in grazing style did not fundamentally change with the seasons; (3) there was negative linear correlation between Styles A and C and between Styles A and B. The more any cow followed the grazing movement, the less likely it was to lead the grazing movement or to be independent. Styles C and B tended to be positively related; (4) high, medium and low ranking animals in social dominance showed tendencies to behave in Styles C, A and B, respectively; (5) grazing style and weight gain were not clearly related; (6) the cows that tended to lead, be independent or follow less, tended to get out of their paddocks. The observations suggested (1) that the leader-follower-independent relationship, although modified in each season, did not vary fundamentally, (2) that the active movement of high ranking animals and the independent movement of low ranking animals governed the voluntary formation in grazing, and (3) that as grazing cattle that behaved in a single group and did not escape from their paddock were much easier to manage, the grazing style that expressed these characteristics was one of the significant indices for management of grazing cattle.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Serial 2038
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Author (up) Seferta, A.; Guay, P.-J.; Marzinotto, E.; Lefebvre, L.
Title Learning Differences between Feral Pigeons and Zenaida Doves: The Role of Neophobia and Human Proximity Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Ethology Abbreviated Journal Ethology
Volume 107 Issue Pages 281-293
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Abstract Learning differences predicted from ecological variables can be confounded with differences in wariness of novel stimuli (neophobia). Previous work on feral pigeons (Columba livia), as well as on group-feeding and territorial zenaida doves (Zenaida aurita), reported individual and social learning differences predicted from social foraging mode. In the present study, we show that speed of learning a foraging task covaries with neophobia and latency to feed from a familiar dish in the three types of columbids. Pigeons were much faster than either territorial or group-feeding zenaida doves on all tests conducted in captivity, but showed unexpectedly strong neophobia in some urban flocks during field tests. Human proximity strongly affected performance in group-feeding doves both in the field and in captivity. They were slightly faster at learning than their territorial conspecifics in cage tests. In multiple regressions, species identity, but not social foraging mode, significantly predicted individual variation in learning, as did individual variation in neophobia. Wariness of novel stimuli and species differences associated with artificial selection appear to be more important than foraging mode and wariness of humans in accounting for learning differences between these columbids.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2184
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