| Records |
| Author |
List, C. |
| Title |
Democracy in animal groups: a political science perspective |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution (Personal Edition) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends Ecol Evol |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
168-169 |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0169-5347 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16701250 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5137 |
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| Author |
Krause, J.; Bumann, D.; Todt, D. |
| Title |
Relationship between the position preference and nutritional state of individuals in schools of juvenile roach (Rutilus rutilus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
| Volume |
30 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
177-180 |
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| Abstract |
Position preferences of well-fed and food-deprived juvenile roach were investigated in schools of 2 and 4 fish in the laboratory. Food-deprived fish appeared significantly more often in the front position than their well-fed conspecifics. For fish at the same hunger level, individuals at the front of the school had the highest feeding rate. These results represent the first evidence for a relationship between the nutritional state of individual fish and their positions in a school and suggest a functional advantage of the preference. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5140 |
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| Author |
Lima, S.L. |
| Title |
Predation Risk and Unpredictable Feeding Conditions: Determinants of Body Mass in Birds |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecology |
| Volume |
67 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
377-385 |
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doi: 10.2307/1938580 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5141 |
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| Author |
Lusseau, D. |
| Title |
Evidence for social role in a dolphin social network |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Evolutionary Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evol. Ecol. |
| Volume |
21 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
357-366 |
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| Abstract |
Abstract Social animals have to take into consideration the behaviour of conspecifics when making decisions to go by their daily lives. These decisions affect their fitness and there is therefore an evolutionary pressure to try making the right choices. In many instances individuals will make their own choices and the behaviour of the group will be a democratic integration of everyone’s decision. However, in some instances it can be advantageous to follow the choice of a few individuals in the group if they have more information regarding the situation that has arisen. Here I provide early evidence that decisions about shifts in activity states in a population of bottlenose dolphin follow such a decision-making process. This unshared consensus is mediated by a non-vocal signal, which can be communicated globally within the dolphin school. These signals are emitted by individuals that tend to have more information about the behaviour of potential competitors because of their position in the social network. I hypothesise that this decision-making process emerged from the social structure of the population and the need to maintain mixed-sex schools. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5154 |
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| Author |
Wilson, S. D.; Clark, A. B.; Coleman, K.; Dearstyne, T. |
| Title |
Shyness and boldness in humans and other animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Ecol. Evol |
| Volume |
9 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
442-446 |
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| Abstract |
The shy-bold continuum is a fundamental axis of behavioral variation in humans and at least some other species, but its taxonomic distribution and evolutionary implications are unknown. Models of optimal risk, density- or frequency-dependent selection, and phenotypic plasticity can provide a theoretical framework for understanding shyness and boldness as a product of natural selection. We sketch this framework and review the few empirical studies of shyness and boldness in natural populations. The study of shyness and boldness adds an interesting new dimension to behavioral ecology by focusing on the nature of continuous behavioral variation that exists within the familiar categories of age, sex and size. |
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0169-5347 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5161 |
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| Author |
Krause, J.; Croft, D.; James, R. |
| Title |
Social network theory in the behavioural sciences: potential applications |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
| Volume |
62 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
15-27 |
| Keywords |
Social networks – Social organisation – Mate choice – Disease transmission – Information transfer – Cooperation |
| Abstract |
Abstract Social network theory has made major contributions to our understanding of human social organisation but has found relatively little application in the field of animal behaviour. In this review, we identify several broad research areas where the networks approach could greatly enhance our understanding of social patterns and processes in animals. The network theory provides a quantitative framework that can be used to characterise social structure both at the level of the individual and the population. These novel quantitative variables may provide a new tool in addressing key questions in behavioural ecology particularly in relation to the evolution of social organisation and the impact of social structure on evolutionary processes. For example, network measures could be used to compare social networks of different species or populations making full use of the comparative approach. However, the networks approach can in principle go beyond identifying structural patterns and also can help with the understanding of processes within animal populations such as disease transmission and information transfer. Finally, understanding the pattern of interactions in the network (i.e. who is connected to whom) can also shed some light on the evolution of behavioural strategies. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5171 |
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| Author |
Eagle, N.; Pentland, A. |
| Title |
Eigenbehaviors: identifying structure in routine |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
| Volume |
63 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1057-1066-1066 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences |
| Abstract |
Longitudinal behavioral data generally contains a significant amount of structure. In this work, we identify the structure inherent in daily behavior with models that can accurately analyze, predict, and cluster multimodal data from individuals and communities within the social network of a population. We represent this behavioral structure by the principal components of the complete behavioral dataset, a set of characteristic vectors we have termed eigenbehaviors. In our model, an individual’s behavior over a specific day can be approximated by a weighted sum of his or her primary eigenbehaviors. When these weights are calculated halfway through a day, they can be used to predict the day’s remaining behaviors with 79% accuracy for our test subjects. Additionally, we demonstrate the potential for this dimensionality reduction technique to infer community affiliations within the subjects’ social network by clustering individuals into a behavior space spanned by a set of their aggregate eigenbehaviors. These behavior spaces make it possible to determine the behavioral similarity between both individuals and groups, enabling 96% classification accuracy of community affiliations within the population-level social network. Additionally, the distance between individuals in the behavior space can be used as an estimate for relational ties such as friendship, suggesting strong behavioral homophily amongst the subjects. This approach capitalizes on the large amount of rich data previously captured during the Reality Mining study from mobile phones continuously logging location, proximate phones, and communication of 100 subjects at MIT over the course of 9 months. As wearable sensors continue to generate these types of rich, longitudinal datasets, dimensionality reduction techniques such as eigenbehaviors will play an increasingly important role in behavioral research. |
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Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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0340-5443 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5189 |
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| Author |
Fischhoff, I.; Dushoff, J.; Sundaresan, S.; Cordingley, J.; Rubenstein, D. |
| Title |
Reproductive status influences group size and persistence of bonds in male plains zebra (Equus burchelli) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
| Volume |
63 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1035-1043-1043 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences |
| Abstract |
Animal groups arise from individuals’ choices about the number, characteristics, and identity of associates. Individuals make these choices to gain benefits from their associations. As the needs of an individual change with its phenotype, so too we expect the nature of its associations to vary. In this paper, we investigate how the social priorities of male plains zebra (Equus burchelli) depend on reproductive state. An adult male is either a bachelor, and lacking mating access, or a stallion defending a harem. Multiple harems and bachelor males aggregate in larger herds. Herds frequently split and merge, affording males opportunities to change associates. Over a 4-year period, we sampled the herd associations in a population of 500–700 zebras. To isolate the effects of reproductive state on male social behavior, we account for potential confounding factors: changes in population size, grouping tendencies, and sampling intensity. We develop a generally applicable permutation procedure, which allows us to test the null hypothesis that social behavior is independent of male status. Averaging over all individuals in the population, we find that a typical bachelor is found in herds containing significantly more adults, bachelors, and stallions than the herds of a typical stallion. Further, bachelors’ bonds with each other are more persistent over time than those among stallions. These results suggest that bachelors form cohesive cliques, in which we may expect cooperative behaviors to develop. Stallion–stallion associations are more diffuse, and less conducive to long-term cooperation. |
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Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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0340-5443 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5193 |
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| Author |
Franks, D.; James, R.; Noble, J.; Ruxton, G. |
| Title |
A foundation for developing a methodology for social network sampling |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
| Volume |
63 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1079-1088-1088 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences |
| Abstract |
Researchers are increasingly turning to network theory to understand the social nature of animal populations. We present a computational framework that is the first step in a series of works that will allow us to develop a quantitative methodology of social network sampling to aid ecologists in their social network data collection. To develop our methodology, we need to be able to generate networks from which to sample. Ideally, we need to perform a systematic study of sampling protocols on different known network structures, as network structure might affect the robustness of any particular sampling methodology. Thus, we present a computational tool for generating network structures that have user-defined distributions for network properties and for key measures of interest to ecologists. The user defines the values of these measures and the tool will generate appropriate network randomizations with those properties. This tool will be used as a framework for developing a sampling methodology, although we do not present a full methodology here. We describe the method used by the tool, demonstrate its effectiveness, and discuss how the tool can now be utilized. We provide a proof-of-concept example (using the assortativity measure) of how such networks can be used, along with a simulated egocentric sampling regime, to test the level of equivalence of the sampled network to the actual network. |
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Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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0340-5443 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5194 |
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| Author |
Henzi, S.; Lusseau, D.; Weingrill, T.; van Schaik, C.; Barrett, L. |
| Title |
Cyclicity in the structure of female baboon social networks |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
| Volume |
63 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
1015-1021-1021 |
| Keywords |
Biomedical and Life Sciences |
| Abstract |
There is an established and very influential view that primate societies have identifiable, persistent social organizations. It assumes that association patterns reflect long-term strategic interests that are not qualitatively perturbed by short-term environmental variability. We used data from two baboon troops in markedly different habitats over three consecutive seasons to test this assumption. Our results demonstrate pronounced cyclicity in the extent to which females maintained differentiated relationships. When food was plentiful, the companionships identified by social network analysis in the food-scarce season disappeared and were replaced by casual acquaintanceships more representative of mere gregariousness. Data from the fourth, food-scarce, season at one site indicated that few companions were re-united. It is likely that this reflected stochastic variation in individual circumstances. These results suggest that attention could profitably be paid to the effects of short-term local contingencies on social dynamics, and has implications for current theories of primate cognitive evolution. |
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Springer Berlin / Heidelberg |
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0340-5443 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5203 |
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