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	Author	Miklósi, Á.; Kubinyi, E.; Topál, J.; Gácsi, M.; Virányi, Z.; Csányi, V.
	Title	A Simple Reason for a Big Difference: Wolves Do Not Look Back at Humans, but Dogs Do			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2003	Publication	Current Biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	13	Issue	9	Pages	763-766
	Keywords
	Abstract	The present investigations were undertaken to compare interspecific communicative abilities of dogs and wolves, which were socialized to humans at comparable levels. The first study demonstrated that socialized wolves were able to locate the place of hidden food indicated by the touching and, to some extent, pointing cues provided by the familiar human experimenter, but their performance remained inferior to that of dogs. In the second study, we have found that, after undergoing training to solve a simple manipulation task, dogs that are faced with an insoluble version of the same problem look/gaze at the human, while socialized wolves do not. Based on these observations, we suggest that the key difference between dog and wolf behavior is the dogs' ability to look at the human's face. Since looking behavior has an important function in initializing and maintaining communicative interaction in human communication systems, we suppose that by positive feedback processes (both evolutionary and ontogenetically) the readiness of dogs to look at the human face has lead to complex forms of dog-human communication that cannot be achieved in wolves even after extended socialization.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0960-9822	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4966
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	Author	Gould, J.L.
	Title	Animal cognition			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Current Biology : CB	Abbreviated Journal	Curr Biol
	Volume	14	Issue	10	Pages	R372-5
	Keywords	Animals; Awareness; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition/physiology; Concept Formation; Decision Making; Instinct; Intelligence/physiology; Learning/physiology; Species Specificity
	Abstract
	Address	Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA. gould@princeton.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0960-9822	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:15186759			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4169
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	Author	Byrne, R.W.
	Title	Animal imitation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Current Biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	19	Issue	3	Pages	R111-R114
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0960-9822	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4735
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	Author	Gould, J.L.
	Title	Animal Navigation: The Evolution of Magnetic Orientation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Current Biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	18	Issue	11	Pages	R482-R484
	Keywords
	Abstract	Summary Animals have several types of magnetic organ, often separately specialized for determining direction versus location. Recent results offer hints about how these once-unimaginable detectors may have evolved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0960-9822	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4770
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	Author	Seed, A.; Byrne, R.
	Title	Animal Tool-Use			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2010	Publication	Current Biology	Abbreviated Journal	Curr Biol
	Volume	20	Issue	23	Pages	R1032-R1039
	Keywords
	Abstract	The sight of an animal making and using a tool captivates scientists and laymen alike, perhaps because it forces us to question some of our ideas about human uniqueness. Does the animal know how the tool works? Did it anticipate the need for the tool and make it in advance? To some, this fascination with tools seems arbitrary and anthropocentric; after all, animals engage in many other complex activities, like nest building, and we know that complex behaviour need not be cognitively demanding. But tool-using behaviour can also provide a powerful window into the minds of living animals, and help us to learn what capacities we share with them -- and what might have changed to allow for the incontrovertibly unique levels of technology shown by modern humans.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0960-9822	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5318
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	Author	Proops, L.; Grounds, K.; Smith, A.V.; McComb, K.
	Title	Animals Remember Previous Facial Expressions that Specific Humans Have Exhibited			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Current Biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	28	Issue	9	Pages	1428-1432.e4
	Keywords	affective processing; face processing; ; animal-human interaction; interspecific communication; animal memory
	Abstract	Summary For humans, facial expressions are important social signals, and how we perceive specific individuals may be influenced by subtle emotional cues that they have given us in past encounters. A wide range of animal species are also capable of discriminating the emotions of others through facial expressions [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], and it is clear that remembering emotional experiences with specific individuals could have clear benefits for social bonding and aggression avoidance when these individuals are encountered again. Although there is evidence that non-human animals are capable of remembering the identity of individuals who have directly harmed them [6, 7], it is not known whether animals can form lasting memories of specific individuals simply by observing subtle emotional expressions that they exhibit on their faces. Here we conducted controlled experiments in which domestic horses were presented with a photograph of an angry or happy human face and several hours later saw the person who had given the expression in a neutral state. Short-term exposure to the facial expression was enough to generate clear differences in subsequent responses to that individual (but not to a different mismatched person), consistent with the past angry expression having been perceived negatively and the happy expression positively. Both humans were blind to the photograph that the horses had seen. Our results provide clear evidence that some non-human animals can effectively eavesdrop on the emotional state cues that humans reveal on a moment-to-moment basis, using their memory of these to guide future interactions with particular individuals.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0960-9822	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6394
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	Author	Quaranta, A.; Siniscalchi, M.; Vallortigara, G.
	Title	Asymmetric tail-wagging responses by dogs to different emotive stimuli			Type	Abstract
	Year	2007	Publication	Current biology : CB	Abbreviated Journal	Curr Biol
	Volume	17	Issue	6	Pages	R199-R201
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Cell Press	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0960-9822	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5733
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	Author	Chappell J
	Title	Avian cognition: understanding tool use			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Current Biology	Abbreviated Journal	Curr. Biol.
	Volume	16	Issue		Pages	244
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3058
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	Author	King, A.J.; Douglas, C.M.S.; Huchard, E.; Isaac, N.J.B.; Cowlishaw, G.
	Title	Dominance and affiliation mediate despotism in a social primate			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Current Biology : CB	Abbreviated Journal	Curr Biol
	Volume	18	Issue	23	Pages	1833-1838
	Keywords	Animals; Authoritarianism; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cooperative Behavior; Decision Making; Feeding Behavior; Female; Group Processes; Male; Papio ursinus/psychology; Social Dominance
	Abstract	Group-living animals routinely have to reach a consensus decision and choose between mutually exclusive actions in order to coordinate their activities and benefit from sociality. Theoretical models predict “democratic” rather than “despotic” decisions to be widespread in social vertebrates, because they result in lower “consensus costs”-the costs of an individual foregoing its optimal action to comply with the decision-for the group as a whole. Yet, quantification of consensus costs is entirely lacking, and empirical observations provide strong support for the occurrence of both democratic and despotic decisions in nature. We conducted a foraging experiment on a wild social primate (chacma baboons, Papio ursinus) in order to gain new insights into despotic group decision making. The results show that group foraging decisions were consistently led by the individual who acquired the greatest benefits from those decisions, namely the dominant male. Subordinate group members followed the leader despite considerable consensus costs. Follower behavior was mediated by social ties to the leader, and where these ties were weaker, group fission was more likely to occur. Our findings highlight the importance of leader incentives and social relationships in group decision-making processes and the emergence of despotism.
	Address	Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK. andrew.king@ioz.ac.uk
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0960-9822	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:19026539			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5124
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	Author	Biro, D.; Sumpter, D.J.T.; Meade, J.; Guilford, T.
	Title	From Compromise to Leadership in Pigeon Homing			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Current Biology	Abbreviated Journal	Curr Biol
	Volume	16	Issue	21	Pages	2123-2128
	Keywords	Animal Migration; Animals; Columbidae/physiology; Decision Making; Flight, Animal; Homing Behavior; Models, Biological; Orientation; Social Behavior; *Social Dominance
	Abstract	Summary A central problem faced by animals traveling in groups is how navigational decisions by group members are integrated, especially when members cannot assess which individuals are best informed or have conflicting information or interests , , , and . Pigeons are now known to recapitulate faithfully their individually distinct habitual routes home , and , and this provides a novel paradigm for investigating collective decisions during flight under varying levels of interindividual conflict. Using high-precision GPS tracking of pairs of pigeons, we found that if conflict between two birds' directional preferences was small, individuals averaged their routes, whereas if conflict rose over a critical threshold, either the pair split or one of the birds became the leader. Modeling such paired decision-making showed that both outcomes--compromise and leadership--could emerge from the same set of simple behavioral rules. Pairs also navigated more efficiently than did the individuals of which they were composed, even though leadership was not necessarily assumed by the more efficient bird. In the context of mass migration of birds and other animals, our results imply that simple self-organizing rules can produce behaviors that improve accuracy in decision-making and thus benefit individuals traveling in groups , and .
	Address	Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom. daro.biro@zoo.ox.ac.uk
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	Englisch	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0960-9822	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17084696			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2026
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