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Author BRYSON, JOANNA J.
Title EVIDENCE OF MODULARITY FROM PRIMATE ERRORS DURING TASK LEARNING Type Conference Volume
Year (up) Publication MODELING LANGUAGE, COGNITION AND ACTION Abbreviated Journal
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Abstract The last two decades have seen a great deal of theorising and speculation about

the modular nature of human intelligence, as well as a rise in use of modular

architectures in artificial intelligence. Nevertheless, whether such models of natural

intelligence are well supported is still an issue of debate. In this paper, I propose

that the most important criteria for modularity is specialised representations. I

present a modular model of primate learning of the transitive inference task, and

propose an extension to this model which would explain task-learning results in

other domains. I also briefly relate this work to both neuroscience and established

AI learning architectures.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 605
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Author Lombardi, C.
Title Matching and oddity relational learning by pigeons ( Columba livia ): transfer from color to shape Type Journal Article
Year (up) Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.
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Abstract Abstract&nbsp;&nbsp;Relational learning, as opposed to perceptual learning, is based on the abstract properties of the stimuli. Although at present there is no doubt that pigeons are capable of relational behavior, this study aims to further disclose the conditions under which it occurs. Pigeons were trained in an outdoor cage on a matching-to-sample or an oddity-from-sample task, with colored cardboard stimuli presented horizontally. The apparatus involved three sliding lids on which the stimuli were drawn and which, when displaced, revealed the reinforcement. The lids were either adjacent to each other or somewhat separated. Training sessions involved two colors, and test sessions six different colors (same dimension test), or six different shapes (different dimension test). One group of birds trained under the “adjacent” condition failed when tested with new stimuli, but succeeded in both dimension tests after training under the “separate” condition. Two other groups of birds succeeded in all tests after training under the latter condition. These results show that depending on procedural details, pigeons are or are not able to transfer from one visual dimension to another, thus extending previous related findings.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3270
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Author Wimmer H; Perner J
Title Beliefs about beliefs: representation and constraining function of wrong beliefs in young children's understanding of deception Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1983 Publication Cognition Abbreviated Journal
Volume 13 Issue Pages 103
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3051
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Author Baron-Cohen S; Leslie AM; Frith U
Title Does the autistic child have a “theory of mind”? Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1985 Publication Cognition Abbreviated Journal
Volume 21 Issue Pages 37
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2979
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Author Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M.
Title The representation of social relations by monkeys Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1990 Publication Cognition Abbreviated Journal Cognition
Volume 37 Issue 1-2 Pages 167-196
Keywords Animals; Cercopithecus aethiops/*psychology; Concept Formation; *Dominance-Subordination; Female; Macaca fascicularis/*psychology; Male; *Social Behavior; *Social Environment
Abstract Monkeys recognize the social relations that exist among others in their group. They know who associates with whom, for example, and other animals' relative dominance ranks. In addition, monkeys appear to compare types of social relations and make same/different judgments about them. In captivity, longtailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) trained to recognize the relation between one adult female and her offspring can identify the same relation among other mother-offspring pairs, and distinguish this relation from bonds between individuals who are related in a different way. In the wild, if a vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) has seen a fight between a member of its own family and a member of Family X, this increases the likelihood that it will act aggressively toward another member of Family X. Vervets act as if they recognize some similarity between their own close associates and the close associates of others. To make such comparisons the monkeys must have some way of representing the properties of social relationships. We discuss the adaptive value of such representations, the information they contain, their structure, and their limitations.
Address Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0010-0277 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:2269006 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 702
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Author Wittling, W.; Pflüger, M.
Title Neuroendocrine hemisphere asymmetries: Salivary cortisol secretion during lateralized viewing of emotion-related and neutral films Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1990 Publication Brain and Cognition Abbreviated Journal Brain Cogn.
Volume 14 Issue 2 Pages 243-265
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Abstract The study set out to examine whether the cerebral hemispheres differ in their ability to regulate cortisol secretion during emotion-related situations. One hundred twenty-three adult subjects were shown either an emotionally aversive or a neutral film in the left or right hemisphere by means of a technique for lateralizing visual input that allows prolonged viewing while permitting free ocular scanning. The film-related changes of cortisol secretion were determined by salivary cortisol radioimmunoassay. Right hemispheric viewing of the emotionally aversive film resulted in a significantly higher increase of cortisol secretion than left hemispheric viewing of the same film. No such differences were observed with respect to the neutral film. Comparing the effects of the two films separately for each hemisphere revealed that only the right hemisphere was able to respond neuroendocrinologically in a different manner to the emotional and the neutral film. Therefore, it is concluded that cortical regulation of cortisol secretion in emotion-related situations is under primary control of the right hemisphere. The potential implications of asymmetric control of cortisol secretion with respect to the pathogenesis of psychosomatic and immunological disorders are discussed.
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ISSN 0278-2626 ISBN Medium
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5350
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Author Lieberman, D.
Title Type Book Whole
Year (up) 1993 Publication Learning, Behaviour and Cognition, 2nd Ed. Abbreviated Journal
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Notes Cited By (since 1996): 8; Export Date: 21 October 2008 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4525
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Author Premack D; Premack AJ
Title Levels of causal understanding in chimpanzees and children Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1994 Publication Cognition Abbreviated Journal
Volume 50 Issue Pages 347
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3072
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Author Loveland, K.A.
Title Self-recognition in the bottlenose dolphin: ecological considerations Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1995 Publication Consciousness and Cognition Abbreviated Journal Conscious Cogn
Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 254-257
Keywords Animals; Attention; *Awareness; Body Image; Dolphins/*psychology; Exploratory Behavior; Female; Male; *Self Concept; *Social Environment; Species Specificity; Television; *Visual Perception
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Address Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical School, Houston 77025, USA
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ISSN 1053-8100 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:8521267 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4161
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Author Hart, D.; Whitlow, J.W.J.
Title The experience of self in the bottlenose dolphin Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1995 Publication Consciousness and Cognition Abbreviated Journal Conscious Cogn
Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 244-247
Keywords Animal Communication; Animals; *Awareness; Body Image; Dolphins/*psychology; Female; Humans; Male; *Self Concept; Social Behavior; Species Specificity; *Television; *Visual Perception
Abstract Marten and Psarakos have presented some evidence which suggests that objective self-awareness and possibly representations of self may characterize the dolphins' experience of self. Their research demonstrates the possibility of similarities in the sense of self between primate species and dolphins, although whether dolphins have subjective self-awareness, personal memories, and theories of self--all important facets of the sense of self in humans--was not examined. Clearly, even this limited evidence was difficult to achieve; the difficulties in adapting methods and coding behavior are quite apparent in their report. Future progress, however, may depend upon clarification of what are the necessary components for a sense of self and an explication of how these might be reflected in dolphin behavior. We are mindful of the authors' point (pp. 219 and 220) that the dolphin lives more in an acoustic than a visual environment. Thus, while tasks relying upon vision may reveal the presence or absence of the sense of self in primates, it might well be the case that in dolphins self-related experiences might be better revealed in auditory tasks. But then, what is the nature of human self-awareness in terms of audition? While both conceptual and methodological hurdles remain, Marten and Psarakos have demonstrated that important questions can be asked about the minds and phenomenal worlds of nonanthropoid species.
Address Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Camden, New Jersey 08102, USA
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ISSN 1053-8100 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:8521264 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4162
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