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Author (up) Harrington, F.H. url  doi
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  Title Chorus howling by wolves: Acoustic structures, pack size and Beau Geste effect Type Journal Article
  Year 1989 Publication Bioacoustics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 2 Issue Pages  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Harrington1989 Serial 6463  
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Author (up) Passilongo, D.; Buccianti, A.; Dessi-Fulgheri, F.; Gazzola, A.; Zaccaronii, M.; Apollonio, M. openurl 
  Title The Acoustic Structure Of Wolf Howls In Some Eastern Tuscany (Central Italy) Free Ranging Packs Type Journal Article
  Year 2010 Publication Bioacoustics Abbreviated Journal Bioacoustics  
  Volume 19 Issue 3 Pages 159-175  
  Keywords Canis lupus, acoustic structure, mammal communication, sonogram, fundamental frequency.  
  Abstract Italian wolf howls are described for the first time from observations between 2003–2008 of a population living in eastern Tuscany, central Italy. A sample of 37 howls selected among single responses and 128 howls included in the choruses of 7 free ranging packs was recorded and analysed. The mean fundamental frequency of the howls ranged between 274–908 Hz. Two main structures recognised by means of multivariate explorative analysis, in particular Principal Component and Cluster Analysis, were ascribed to breaking and flat howls. Discriminant Function Analysis was applied to the recognised groups with the aim to find a general rule for classification. Howls with different features were correctly assigned to the groups obtained by explorative analysis in 95.8% of cases. The analysis of the variables characterising the structure of the howls suggests that maximum frequency and range of fundamental frequency are the most important parameters for classification, while duration does not appear to play any significant role.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6499  
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Author (up) Passilongo, D.; Dessi-Fulgheri, F.; Gazzola, A.; Zaccaroni, M.; Apollonio, M. openurl 
  Title Wolf counting and individual acoustic discrimination by spectrographic analysis [Abstract] Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Bioacoustics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 21 Issue Pages  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Passilongo2012 Serial 6467  
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Author (up) Peters, G.; Tembrock, G. openurl 
  Title Subharmonics, biphonation, and deterministic chaos in mammal vocalizations Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Bioacoustics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 9 Issue Pages  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Peters1998 Serial 6483  
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Author (up) Sueur, J.; Aubin, T.; Simonis, C. url  doi
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  Title Seewave: a free modular tool for sound analysis and synthesis Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Bioacoustics Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 18 Issue Pages  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Sueur2008 Serial 6490  
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Author (up) Suter, S.M.; Giordano, M.; Nietlispach, S.; Apollonio, M.; Passilongo, D. openurl 
  Title Non-invasive acoustic detection of wolves Type Journal Article
  Year 2016 Publication Bioacoustics Abbreviated Journal Bioacoustics  
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  Abstract Monitoring wolves (Canis lupus) is a difficult and often expensive task due to high mobility,pack dynamic, shyness and nocturnal activity of this species. Wolves communicate acoustically trough howling, within pack and with packs of the neighbourhood. A wolf howl is a low frequency vocalization that can be transmitted over long distances and thus be used

for monitoring tasks. Animated howling survey is a current method to monitor wolves indifferent areas all over the world. Animated howling, however, may be invasive to residential wolf packs and could create possible negative reactions from local human population. Here we show that it is possible to detect wolves by recording spontaneous howling events. We measured the sound pressure level of wolf howls on captive individuals and we further found that simulated howling may be recorded and clearly identified up to a distance of 3 km. We finally conducted non-invasive acoustic detection of wolves in a free ranging population. The use of passive sound recorders may provide a powerful non-invasive tool for future wolf monitoring and thus help to established sustainable management plans for this species.
 
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6500  
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