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Author Ladewig, J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Clever Hans is still whinnying with us Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume (down) 76 Issue 1 Pages 20-21  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 631  
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Author Hothersall, B.; Nicol, C. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Equine learning behaviour: accounting for ecological constraints and relationships with humans in experimental design Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume (down) 76 Issue 1 Pages 45-48  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 632  
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Author Creighton, E. doi  openurl
  Title Equine learning behaviour: Limits of ability and ability limits of trainers Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume (down) 76 Issue 1 Pages 43-44  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 633  
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Author Goodwin, D. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Equine learning behaviour: What we know, what we don't and future research priorities Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume (down) 76 Issue Pages 17-19  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 634  
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Author Linklater, W.L. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Equine learning in a wider context--Opportunities for integrative pluralism Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume (down) 76 Issue Pages 53-56  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 635  
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Author Murphy, J.; Arkins, S. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Synthesizing what we know of equine learning behaviour Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume (down) 76 Issue Pages 57-60  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 876  
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Author Hirata, S. doi  openurl
  Title A note on the responses of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) to live self-images on television monitors Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume (down) 75 Issue 1 Pages 85-90  
  Keywords Animals; *Discrimination Learning; Female; Male; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; *Self Concept; Self Psychology; Social Behavior; Television  
  Abstract The majority of studies on self-recognition in animals have been conducted using a mirror as the test device; little is known, however, about the responses of non-human primates toward their own images in media other than mirrors. This study provides preliminary data on the reactions of 10 chimpanzees to live self-images projected on two television monitors, each connected to a different video camera. Chimpanzees could see live images of their own faces, which were approximately life-sized, on one monitor. On the other monitor, they could see live images of their whole body, which were approximately one-fifth life-size, viewed diagonally from behind. In addition, several objects were introduced into the test situation. Out of 10 chimpanzees tested, 2 individuals performed self-exploratory behaviors while watching their own images on the monitors. One of these two chimpanzees successively picked up two of the provided objects in front of a monitor, and watched the images of these objects on the monitor. The results indicate that these chimpanzees were able to immediately recognize live images of themselves or objects on the monitors, even though several features of these images differed from those of their previous experience with mirrors.  
  Address Great Ape Research Institute, Hayashibara Biochemical Laboratories Inc., Okayama, Japan. hirata@gari.be.to  
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  ISSN 0376-6357 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:17324534 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4145  
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Author Zentall, T.R. doi  openurl
  Title Temporal discrimination learning by pigeons Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume (down) 74 Issue 2 Pages 286-292  
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  Abstract Memory for time by animals appears to undergo a systematic shortening. This so-called choose-short effect can be seen in a conditional temporal discrimination when a delay is inserted between the sample and comparison stimuli. We have proposed that this temporal shortening may result from a procedural artifact in which the delay appears similar to the intertrial interval and thus, produces an inadvertent ambiguity or 'instructional failure'. When this ambiguity is avoided by distinguishing the intertrial interval from the delay, as well as the samples from the delay, the temporal shortening effect and other asymmetries often disappear. By avoiding artifacts that can lead to a misinterpretation of results, we may understand better how animals represent time. An alternative procedure for studying temporal discriminations is with the psychophysical bisection procedure in which following conditional discrimination training, intermediate durations are presented and the point of subjective equality is determined. Research using the bisection procedure has shown that pigeons represent temporal durations not only as their absolute value but also relative to durations from which they must be discriminated. Using this procedure, we have also found that time passes subjectively slower when animals are required to respond to the to-be-timed stimulus.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States. zentall@uky.edu  
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  Notes PMID:17110057 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 216  
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Author Heitor, F.; do Mar Oom, M.; Vicente, L. doi  openurl
  Title Social relationships in a herd of Sorraia horses Part I. Correlates of social dominance and contexts of aggression Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume (down) 73 Issue 2 Pages 170-177  
  Keywords Age Factors; *Aggression; Animals; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; Horses/*psychology; Male; Sex Factors; *Social Dominance; *Social Environment; Statistics, Nonparametric  
  Abstract Factors related to dominance rank and the functions of aggression were studied in a herd of Sorraia horses, Equus caballus, under extensive management. Subjects were 10 adult mares 5-18 years old and a stallion introduced into the group for breeding. Dominance relationships among mares were clear, irrespective of rank difference, and remained stable after introduction of the stallion. The dominance hierarchy was significantly linear and rank was positively correlated with age and total aggressiveness. Higher-ranking mares received lower frequency and intensity of agonistic interactions. Nevertheless, higher-ranking dominants were not more likely to elicit submission from their subordinates than lower-ranking dominants. Neither close-ranking mares nor mares with less clear dominance relationships were more aggressive towards each other. Agonistic interactions seemed to be used more importantly in regulation of space than to obtain access to food or to reassert dominance relationships. Contexts of aggression were related to mare rank. The results suggest that dominance relationships based on age as a conventional criterion were established to reduce aggressiveness in a herd where the costs of aggression are likely to outweigh the benefits.  
  Address Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Edificio C2, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal  
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  Notes PMID:16815645 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 292  
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Author Heitor, F.; do Mar Oom, M.; Vicente, L. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Social relationships in a herd of Sorraia horses: Part II. Factors affecting affiliative relationships and sexual behaviours Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume (down) 73 Issue 3 Pages 231-239  
  Keywords Horse; Equus; Affiliative relationship; Rank; Kinship; Aggressiveness  
  Abstract The influence of age, dominance rank, kinship and aggressiveness over affiliative relationships and sexual behaviours were analysed in a herd of Sorraia horses, Equus caballus, kept under extensive management. Subjects were 10 adult mares 5-18 years old that had known each other since birth, and a stallion introduced into the group for breeding for the first time. Kinship coefficient and dominance rank were the most important factors affecting affiliative relationships. Bonds were reciprocal and stronger among mares with higher kinship. Mares spent more time in proximity to close-ranking and lower-ranking females. Mares with stronger affiliative relationships or higher relatedness were not less aggressive towards each other. Affiliative relationships between the stallion and the mares were not reciprocal: lower-ranking mares formed stronger bonds with the stallion but he preferred the less genetically related mares for proximity. However, the stallion was involved in sexual behaviours more frequently with the mares that were more genetically related to him. These results suggest that kinship beyond close relatives may affect affiliative relationships both among familiar and among unfamiliar horses. However, the influence of kinship does not imply that horses possess a kin recognition system and alternative explanations are discussed.  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 462  
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