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	Author	Ord, T.J.; Evans, C.S.
	Title	Interactive video playback and opponent assessment in lizards			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	59	Issue	2	Pages	55-65
	Keywords	Animal communication; Display; Lizard; Playback; Visual signal
	Abstract	Video playback has been used to explore many issues in animal communication, but the scope of this work has been constrained by the lack of stimulus-subject interaction. In many natural contexts, each participant's signalling behaviour is dependent from moment-to-moment on that of the other. Analyses of acoustic communication demonstrate the value of reproducing such social contingencies. We assessed the utility of interactive playback for studies of visual signalling by comparing the responses of male Jacky dragons, Amphibolurus muricatus, to interactive and non-interactive digital video playbacks of a life-sized conspecific. Displays produced by lizards in the interactive condition had the effect of suppressing the aggressive display of their simulated opponent. Each stimulus sequence generated during an interactive playback was subsequently played to a size-matched control animal. Males that could interact with the video stimulus responded principally with aggressive displays, while those that could not produced a mixture of aggressive and appeasement signals. Adding a degree of receiver responsiveness is hence sufficient to alter the type of signal evoked, even when video stimuli are physically identical. Interactive playback permits the experimental study of a broader range of theoretical topics and can enhance the realism of video stimuli.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	539
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	Author	Abeyesinghe, S.M.; Nicol, C.J.; Wathes. C.M.; Randall, J.M.
	Title	Development of a raceway method to assess aversion of domestic fowl to concurrent stressors			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	56	Issue	3	Pages	175-194
	Keywords	previous termConcurrent stressors; Aversion; Domestic fowlnext term; Transport; Vibration; Hyperthermia
	Abstract	The requirement for assessing the effects of stressor combinations in improving the welfare of animals has not been widely recognised. Knowledge of the effects of concurrent stressors is needed to improve environments such as transport, where animals are presented with many simultaneous challenges. However, no method for measuring the effects of different stressors with a common unit is currently available. A locomotor passive avoidance method was developed as a common currency measure of the aversion of domestic fowl to concurrent stressors, using vibrational and thermal stressors as an exemplar. Juvenile fowl, fasted overnight, were trained to run a raceway into a goal-box for small food rewards (FR1). When running consistently, the reinforcement schedule was superimposed with a FR5 treatment schedule (60 min confinement in the goal-box with either a control of no other stressors [N] or concurrent vibration and thermal stressors [VT]). Subsequent latency to return to the goal-box was recorded as a measure of aversion. The factors affecting bird response were addressed in a series of experiments to optimise the method and clarify interpretation of results. Pre-feeding (20% ration 2 h prior to testing) did not affect response, but increasing the number of treatment presentations facilitated learning and increased method sensitivity. Treatment responses were consistent across experiments; overall VT was avoided (P<0.001), but N was not. However, there was large individual variation in response to VT. A final experiment indicated that, given a visual discriminatory cue, birds were capable of learning the required association between entering the goal-box and receiving the treatment, suggesting that the delay responses were due to aversion rather than the immediate impact of treatment on ability to respond. Further work is required to test the singular stressors, but the method retains common currency potential for assessing aversion to multiple stressors.
	Address	Bio-Engineering Division, Silsoe Research Institute, Wrest Park, Silsoe, MK45 4HS, Bedford, UK
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0376-6357	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:11738510			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	85
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	Author	Le Pendu, Y.; Guilhem, C.; Briedermann, L.; Maublanc, M.-L.; Gerard, J.-F.
	Title	Interactions and associations between age and sex classes in mouflon sheep (Ovis gmelini) during winter			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	52	Issue	2-3	Pages	97-107
	Keywords	Group composition; Interactive behaviour; Sexual segregation; Social organisation; Ungulate; Wild sheep
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4248
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	Author	Mercado E.; Killebrew D.A.; Pack A.A.; Macha I.V.B.; Herman L.M.
	Title	Generalization of 'same-different' classification abilities in bottlenosed dolphins			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	50	Issue		Pages	79-94
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	3479
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	Author	Lejeune, H.; Macar, F.; Zakay, D.
	Title	Attention and timing: dual-task performance in pigeons			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	45	Issue	1-3	Pages	141-157
	Keywords	Timing; Dual task; Attention; Pigeons
	Abstract	Pigeons were exposed to an analog of a `dual-task' procedure used to test attentional models of timing in humans. After separate training on an auditory duration discrimination and on a variable ratio (VR) schedule, VR episodes lasting for 5 s were superimposed on the stimuli to be timed, either early (E) or late (L) during the trial. Trials with VR yielded underestimation of the target durations (increased % of `short' choices), relative to trials without VR, and this effect was stronger under the L than under the E condition. Data were similar to those collected with humans and support attentional models of timing according to which the simultaneous non-timing task uses processing resources which are diverted from the timing mechanisms.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3582
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	Author	Macuda, T.; Timney, B.
	Title	Luminance and chromatic discrimination in the horse (Equus caballus)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1999	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	44	Issue	3	Pages	301-307
	Keywords	Colour vision; Chromatic discrimination; Luminance discrimination; Horse
	Abstract	Equine colour vision was measured under conditions that minimised the possibility of animals using brightness cues to make chromatic discriminations. In a two-stage study, we first obtained luminance discrimination functions for achromatic targets then tested for chromatic discrimination over a range of target luminances. Horses were trained on a two-choice discrimination task. The positive stimulus was varied in luminance and/or colour using neutral density and broad band colour filters. The negative stimulus appeared as a uniform grey. In the brightness discrimination task, the horses performed well at large luminance differences but their percentage of correct responses declined to near chance levels at differences of less than 0.2 log units. In addition, a decrement in performance was noted at luminance differences of less than 0.2 log units for green and yellow chromatic discrimination functions, suggesting that horses cannot easily discriminate yellow and green from grey. However, the chromatic discrimination functions for red and blue showed that animals performed very well across the full range of target luminances. These results suggest that horses are at least dichromats.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	844
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	Author	Sutton J.E.; Roberts W.A.
	Title	Do pigeons show incidental timing? Some experiments and a suggested hierarchical framework for the study of attention in animal cognition			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	44	Issue		Pages	263-275
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	3463
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	Author	Byrne, T.; Sutphin, G.; Poling, A.
	Title	Acquisition, extinction, and reacquisition of responding with delayed and immediate reinforcement			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	43	Issue	1	Pages	97-101
	Keywords	Acquisition; Delayed reinforcement; Extinction; Rats
	Abstract	The present study investigated acquisition, extinction, and reacquisition of free-operant responding when rats' lever presses produced water after a resetting delay of 0, 10, 20, or 30 s. Results indicated that: (1) responding was acquired rapidly at all delays without shaping or autoshaping; (2) resistance to extinction was directly related to delay length and inversely related to intermittency of reinforcement; (3) responding acquired with delayed reinforcement recovered less rapidly from extinction, and was less efficient, than responding acquired with immediate reinforcement. Comparing these results with those of studies using discrete-trials and free-operant procedures with no reinforcement delay suggest that the specific conditions under which behavior is maintained determines, in part, the behavioral effects of delay and intermittency of reinforcement.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3601
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	Author	Duncan, I.J.H.; Widowski, T.M.; Malleau, A.E.; Lindberg, A.C.; Petherick, J.C.
	Title	External factors and causation of dustbathing in domestic hens			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1998	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	43	Issue	2	Pages	219-228
	Keywords	Dustbathing; Illumination; Laying hens; Radiant heat; Social facilitation; Temperature
	Abstract	Dustbathing is known to be motivated by complex interactions between internal factors which build up over time and external factors, such as the sight of a dusty substrate. In this study, the effects of other external factors were investigated. Environmental temperature was shown to be important; frequencies of dustbathing were greater when hens were held at 22 than at 10[degree sign]C (P<0.01). In a second experiment, a radiant heat source or a radiant heat+light source, balanced to give the same radiant heat, resulted in more dustbathing behaviour during a 1-h stimulus period than during the same period with no stimulus (P<0.05). Components of dustbathing were increased more by the heat+light stimulus than by the heat stimulus alone (P<0.03). In a third experiment, the amount of dustbathing performed by individual hens in cages with dustbaths was increased by the presence of a group of hens dustbathing in an adjoining pen with a dustbath compared with the amount occurring when the hens were absent from the pen.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3607
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	Author	Le Scolan, N.; Hausberger, M.; Wolff, A.
	Title	Stability over situations in temperamental traits of horses as revealed by experimental and scoring approaches			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1997	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	41	Issue	3	Pages	257-266
	Keywords	Behavioural tests; Horse; Ratings; Temperament
	Abstract	Individual behavioural reactions of adult horses in a variety of experimental tests were compared with ratings by riding teachers. The tests were made in a non working situation, with the animals being released in an arena, a box (arena test, new object test, learning tests) or handled (new object/handling situation). The traits rated by teachers were fearfulness, nervousness, gregariousness and learning abilities at work (ridden or handled). Despite a great homogeneity in the reactions exhibited by the horses in the different situations, large individual differences were present. Correlations appeared between the reactivity in the arena test and the score of gregariousness, between the reactivity in the novel object test and the rating of nervousness when ridden, between the results in the handling test and the rating of general fearfulness and between the ability to memorise an instrumental task and the score of general learning ability. Such results strengthen the idea that there are underlying behavioural dispositions that are stable across situations and that the experimental tests may be good predictors of the temperament in untrained animals.
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3591
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