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Author Zentall, T.R. doi  openurl
  Title Temporal discrimination learning by pigeons Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 74 Issue 2 Pages 286-292  
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  Abstract Memory for time by animals appears to undergo a systematic shortening. This so-called choose-short effect can be seen in a conditional temporal discrimination when a delay is inserted between the sample and comparison stimuli. We have proposed that this temporal shortening may result from a procedural artifact in which the delay appears similar to the intertrial interval and thus, produces an inadvertent ambiguity or 'instructional failure'. When this ambiguity is avoided by distinguishing the intertrial interval from the delay, as well as the samples from the delay, the temporal shortening effect and other asymmetries often disappear. By avoiding artifacts that can lead to a misinterpretation of results, we may understand better how animals represent time. An alternative procedure for studying temporal discriminations is with the psychophysical bisection procedure in which following conditional discrimination training, intermediate durations are presented and the point of subjective equality is determined. Research using the bisection procedure has shown that pigeons represent temporal durations not only as their absolute value but also relative to durations from which they must be discriminated. Using this procedure, we have also found that time passes subjectively slower when animals are required to respond to the to-be-timed stimulus.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States. zentall@uky.edu  
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  ISSN 0376-6357 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:17110057 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 216  
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Author Zentall, T.R. doi  openurl
  Title Timing, memory for intervals, and memory for untimed stimuli: The role of instructional ambiguity Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Behavioural processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 71 Issue 2-3 Pages 88-97  
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  Abstract Theories of animal timing have had to account for findings that the memory for the duration of a timed interval appears to be dramatically shorted within a short time of its termination. This finding has led to the subjective shortening hypothesis and it has been proposed to account for the poor memory that animals appear to have for the initial portion of a timed interval when a gap is inserted in the to-be-timed signal. It has also been proposed to account for the poor memory for a relatively long interval that has been discriminated from a shorter interval. I suggest here a simpler account in which ambiguity between the gap or retention interval and the intertrial interval results in resetting the clock, rather than forgetting the interval. The ambiguity hypothesis, together with a signal salience mechanism that determines how quickly the clock is reset at the start of the intertrial interval can account for the results of the reported timing experiments that have used the peak procedure. Furthermore, instructional ambiguity rather than memory loss may account for the results of many animal memory experiments that do not involve memory for time.  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, 202B Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA. zentall@uky.edu  
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  ISSN 0376-6357 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:16406373 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 219  
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Author Desire L.; Boissy A.; Veissier I. doi  openurl
  Title Emotions in farm animals: – a new approach to animal welfare in applied ethology Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 60 Issue Pages 165-180  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 3482  
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Author Hall, C. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The impact of visual perception on equine learning Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 76 Issue Pages 29-33  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 619  
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Author Ninomiya, S. url  doi
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  Title Social leaning and stereotypy in horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 76 Issue Pages 22-23  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 620  
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Author Leblanc, M.-A.; Duncan, P. url  doi
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  Title Can studies of cognitive abilities and of life in the wild really help us to understand equine learning? Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 76 Issue Pages 49-52  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 621  
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Author McCall, C.A. url  doi
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  Title Making equine learning research applicable to training procedures Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 27-28  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 623  
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Author Sigurjónsdóttir , H. url  doi
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  Title Equine learning behaviour: The importance of evolutionary and ecological approach in research Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 76 Issue Pages 40-42  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 624  
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Author Krueger, K.; Flauger, B. url  doi
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  Title Social learning in horses from a novel perspective Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 37-39  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 625  
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Author Heitor, F.; Vicente, L. url  doi
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  Title Learning about horses: What is equine learning all about? Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 76 Issue 1 Pages 34-36  
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  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 627  
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