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Macuda, T.; Timney, B. |
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Title |
Luminance and chromatic discrimination in the horse (Equus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
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1999 |
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Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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44 |
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3 |
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301-307 |
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Colour vision; Chromatic discrimination; Luminance discrimination; Horse |
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Equine colour vision was measured under conditions that minimised the possibility of animals using brightness cues to make chromatic discriminations. In a two-stage study, we first obtained luminance discrimination functions for achromatic targets then tested for chromatic discrimination over a range of target luminances. Horses were trained on a two-choice discrimination task. The positive stimulus was varied in luminance and/or colour using neutral density and broad band colour filters. The negative stimulus appeared as a uniform grey. In the brightness discrimination task, the horses performed well at large luminance differences but their percentage of correct responses declined to near chance levels at differences of less than 0.2 log units. In addition, a decrement in performance was noted at luminance differences of less than 0.2 log units for green and yellow chromatic discrimination functions, suggesting that horses cannot easily discriminate yellow and green from grey. However, the chromatic discrimination functions for red and blue showed that animals performed very well across the full range of target luminances. These results suggest that horses are at least dichromats. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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844 |
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Murphy, J.; Arkins, S. |
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Title |
Synthesizing what we know of equine learning behaviour |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
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Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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76 |
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57-60 |
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876 |
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Kraak, S.B.M. |
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Title |
`Copying mate choice': Which phenomena deserve this term? |
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Year |
1996 |
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Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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36 |
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1 |
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99-102 |
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Copying mate choice; Proximate/ultimate causes |
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1816 |
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Author |
Levin, L.E. |
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Title |
Passage order through different pathways in groups of schooling fish, and the diversified leadership hypothesis |
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1996 |
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Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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37 |
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1 |
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1-8 |
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Animal sociality; Inter-individual variability; Aggregation-dispersion; Group problem solving |
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The diversified leadership hypothesis proposes that different individuals within a school of fish act as leaders in different circumstances. This `circumstantial leadership' results from inter-individual behavioral variability and a `cohesion-dispersion' tendency modulated by `failure-success' contingencies. The hypothesis predicts that when offered different pathways to escape the restriction of their swimming space, individuals within a group of fish will show 1. (a) consistent passage orders in each pathway, but2. (b) different passage orders in different pathways. Using an avoidance paddle and three different groups of fish (Aphyocharax erithrurus) the results confirmed prediction 1. (a) while prediction2. (b) was verified only in one group. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 |
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2069 |
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Barnard, C.J.; Luo, N. |
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Title |
Acquisition of dominance status affects maze learning in mice |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
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Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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60 |
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1 |
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53-59 |
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Social status; Learning; Radial maze; Mouse |
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Learning is likely to be costly and thus subject to trade-off with other components of life history. An obvious prediction, therefore, is that investment in learning, and thus learning performance, will vary with individual life history strategy and the reproductive value of the learning outcome. We tested this idea in the context of social dominance in male laboratory mice, using a simple radial maze paradigm to compare the ability of high- and low-ranking male mice to track changing food location. We tested animals in randomly selected pairs before and after establishing aggressive rank relationships to distinguish intrinsic differences in learning ability from those attributable to acquiring high or low rank. There was no difference in learning between later dominants and subordinates prior to establishing rank relationships. After pairing, however, dominants showed a significantly greater percentage of correct responses, with the difference being greatest earlier in a sequence of trials. The percentage of correct responses also increased with the amount of aggression initiated during pairing. The results thus appeared to reflect a state-dependent change in learning associated with the aggressive social relationships formed during pairing. |
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2075 |
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Author |
Cloutier, S.; Newberry, R.C.; Honda, K. |
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Title |
Comparison of social ranks based on worm-running and aggressive behaviour in young domestic fowl |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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65 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
79-86 |
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Aggression; Social behaviour; Dominance; Play; Chickens; Animal welfare |
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Worm-running is behaviour in which a chick runs carrying a worm-like object while flock mates follow and attempt to grab the object from its beak. We hypothesised that social ranks based on worm-running frequency are stable over time and are positively correlated with social ranks based on success in aggressive interactions when older. At 8-12 days of age, we scored worm-running in 17 groups of 12 female White Leghorn chicks during three 10-min tests. Based on instantaneous scans at 5-s intervals, the bird carrying the `worm' most often was placed in rank one and so on down the rank order. These tests were repeated at 68-70 days of age. An aggression index for each bird was calculated as the number of aggressive acts given, divided by the number given and received, during three 1-h observation periods when the birds were 68-70 days. Ranks obtained in worm-running tests were positively correlated over the two age periods (P<0.05) but were not correlated with ranks based on the aggression index (P>0.05). Our results indicate that worm-running ranks are not predictive of success in aggressive interactions. Instead, worm-running fits some criteria for play. |
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2090 |
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Author |
Allcroft, D. J.; Tolkamp, B. J.; Glasbey, C. A.; Kyriazakis, I. |
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Title |
The importance of `memory' in statistical models for animal feeding behaviour |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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67 |
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1 |
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99-109 |
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Cow; Feeding data; Bouts; Memory; Satiety; Latent structure; Model comparison |
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Abstract |
We investigate models for animal feeding behaviour, with the aim of improving understanding of how animals organise their behaviour in the short term. We consider three classes of model: hidden Markov, latent Gaussian and semi-Markov. Each can predict the typical `clustered' feeding behaviour that is generally observed, however they differ in the extent to which `memory' of previous behaviour is allowed to affect future behaviour. The hidden Markov model has `lack of memory', the current behavioural state being dependent on the previous state only. The latent Gaussian model assumes feeding/non-feeding periods to occur by the thresholding of an underlying continuous variable, thereby incorporating some `short-term memory'. The semi-Markov model, by taking into account the duration of time spent in the previous state, can be said to incorporate `longer-term memory'. We fit each of these models to a dataset of cow feeding behaviour. We find the semi-Markov model (longer-term memory) to have the best fit to the data and the hidden Markov model (lack of memory) the worst. We argue that in view of effects of satiety on short-term feeding behaviour of animal species in general, biologically suitable models should allow `memory' to play a role. We conclude that our findings are equally relevant for the analysis of other types of short-term behaviour that are governed by satiety-like principles. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2350 |
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Author |
Le Pendu, Y.; Guilhem, C.; Briedermann, L.; Maublanc, M.-L.; Gerard, J.-F. |
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Title |
Interactions and associations between age and sex classes in mouflon sheep (Ovis gmelini) during winter |
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Journal Article |
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2000 |
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Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
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52 |
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2-3 |
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97-107 |
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Group composition; Interactive behaviour; Sexual segregation; Social organisation; Ungulate; Wild sheep |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4248 |
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Author |
Gärdenfors P. |
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Title |
Cued and detached representations in animal cognition |
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1995 |
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Behavioural Processes |
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Behav. Process. |
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35 |
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263-273 |
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3454 |
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Author |
Beer C.G. |
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Title |
Trial and error in the evolution of cognition |
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1995 |
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Behavioural Processes |
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Behav. Process. |
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35 |
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215-224 |
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