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| Author | Byrne, R.W. | ||||
| Title | Imitation of novel complex actions: What does the evidence from animals mean? | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication  |
Advances in the Study of Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Adv Stud Behav |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | Pages | 77-105 | |
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| Abstract | Summary Underlying the various behaviors that are classified as imitation, there may be several distinct mechanisms, differing in adaptive function, cognitive basis, and computational power. Experiments reporting “true motor imitation” in animals do not as yet give evidence of production learning by imitation; instead, contextual imitation can explain their data, and this can be explained by a simple mechanism (response facilitation) which matches known neural findings. When imitation serves a function in social mimicry, which applies to a wide range of phenomena from neonatal imitation in humans and great apes to pair-bonding in some bird species, the fidelity of the behavioral match is crucial. Learning of novel behavior can potentially be achieved by matching the outcome of a model's action, and it is argued that vocal imitation by birds is a clear example of this method (which is sometimes called emulation). Alternatively, the behavior itself may be perceived in terms of actions that the observer can perform, and thus it may be copied. If the imitation is linear and stringlike (action level), following the surface form rather than the underlying plan, then its utility for learning new instrumental methods is limited. However, the underlying plan of hierarchically organized behavior is visible in output behavior, in subtle but detectable ways, and imitation could instead be based on this organization (program level), extracted automatically by string parsing. Currently, the most likely candidates for such capacities are all great apes. It is argued that this ability to perceive the underlying plan of action, in addition to allowing highly flexible imitation of novel instrumental methods, may have resulted in the competence to understand the intentions (theory of mind) of others. | ||||
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| Publisher | Academic Press | Place of Publication | San Diego | Editor | Snowdon, C. T.; Roper, T. J.;Rosenblatt,J. S. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 746 | ||
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| Author | Couzin, I.D.; Krause, J. | ||||
| Title | Self-Organization and Collective Behavior in Vertebrates | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication |
Advances in the Study of Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | Pages | 1-75 | |
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| Publisher | Academic Press | Place of Publication | Editor | Peter J. B. Slater, J.S.R., Charles T. Snowdon and Timothy J. Roper | |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 0065-3454 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5144 | ||
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| Author | Joynson, R. B. | ||||
| Title | Towards understanding relationships, by Robert A. Hinde. London: Academic, 1979, pp xii + 367 | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1981 | Publication |
Aggressive Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 275-280 |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4813 | ||
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| Author | Rappolt, G. A.; John, J.; Thompson, N. S. | ||||
| Title | Canine responses to familiar and unfamiliar humans | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1979 | Publication |
Aggressive Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Aggressive Behavior |
| Volume | 5 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 155-161 |
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| Abstract | Dogs were observed during controlled approaches by their owners and by strangers. Significant differences between the dogs' responses to their owners and their responses to strangers were found. These results supported the popular belief that dogs respond differently to different persons, and not merely to different situations in which persons are usually encountered. | ||||
| Address | Departments of Biology and Psychology, Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts DOI – 10.1002/1098-2337(1979)5 – 2<155 – - AID-AB2480050206>3.0.CO;2-D | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Copyright © 1979 Wiley-Liss, Inc., A Wiley Company | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4978 | ||
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| Author | Salmivalli, C.; Lagerspetz, K.; Björkqvist, K.; Österman, K.; Kaukiainen, A. | ||||
| Title | Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication |
Aggressive Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Aggr. Behav. |
| Volume | 22 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 1-15 |
| Keywords | aggressive behavior; peer relations; roles; social acceptance; social groups; victimization | ||||
| Abstract | Bullying was investigated as a group process, a social phenomenon taking place in a school setting among 573 Finnish sixth-grade children (286 girls, 287 boys) aged 12–13 years. Different Participant Roles taken by individual children in the bullying process were examined and related to a) self-estimated behavior in bullying situations, b) social acceptance and social rejection, and c) belongingness to one of the five sociometric status groups (popular, rejected, neglected, controversial, and average). The Participant Roles assigned to the subject were Victim, Bully, Reinforcer of the bully, Assistant of the bully, Defender of the victim, and Outsider. There were significant sex differences in the distribution of Participant Roles. Boys were more frequently in the roles of Bully, Reinforcer and Assistant, while the most frequent roles of the girls were those of Defender and Outsider. The subjects were moderately well aware of their Participant Roles, although they underestimated their participation in active bullying behavior and emphasized that they acted as Defenders and Outsiders. The sociometric status of the children was found to be connected to their Participant Roles. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. | ||||
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| Publisher | Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 1098-2337 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5435 | ||
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| Author | Bateson, P. | ||||
| Title | Play, playfulness, creativity and innovation. | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication |
Animal Behavior and Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. Cogn. |
| Volume | 1 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 99-112 |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6553 | ||
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| Author | Akins, C.K.; Klein, E.D.; Zentall, T.R. | ||||
| Title | Imitative learning in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) using the bidirectional control procedure | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication |
Animal learning & behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Learn Behav |
| Volume | 30 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 275-281 |
| Keywords | Animals; Attention; Behavior, Animal; Coturnix; *Discrimination Learning; *Imitative Behavior; Male; Smell | ||||
| Abstract | In the bidirectional control procedure, observers are exposed to a conspecific demonstrator responding to a manipulandum in one of two directions (e.g., left vs. right). This procedure controls for socially mediated effects (the mere presence of a conspecific) and stimulus enhancement (attention drawn to a manipulandum by its movement), and it has the added advantage of being symmetrical (the two different responses are similar in topography). Imitative learning is demonstrated when the observers make the response in the direction that they observed it being made. Recently, however, it has been suggested that when such evidence is found with a predominantly olfactory animal, such as the rat, it may result artifactually from odor cues left on one side of the manipulandum by the demonstrator. In the present experiment, we found that Japanese quail, for which odor cues are not likely to play a role, also showed significant correspondence between the direction in which the demonstrator and the observer push a screen to gain access to reward. Furthermore, control quail that observed the screen move, when the movement of the screen was not produced by the demonstrator, did not show similar correspondence between the direction of screen movement observed and that performed by the observer. Thus, with the appropriate control, the bidirectional procedure appears to be useful for studying imitation in avian species. | ||||
| Address | University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0044, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0090-4996 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12391793 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 239 | ||
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| Author | Doré,F.Y.; Fiset,S.; Goulet,S.; Dumans,M.-C.; Gagnon,S. | ||||
| Title | Search behavior in cats and dogs Interspecific differences in working memory and spatial cognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication |
Animal Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Learn. & Behav. |
| Volume | 24 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 142-149 |
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| Abstract | Cats and dogs search behavior was compared in different problems where an object was visibly moved behind a screen that was then visibly moved to a new position. In Experiments 1 (cats) and 2 (dogs), one group was tested with identical screens and the other group was tested with dissimilar screens. Results showed that in both species, search behavior was based on processing of spatial information rather than on recognition of the visual features of the target screen. Cats and dogs were unable to find the object by inferring its invisible movement. They reached a high level of success only if there was direct perceptual evidence that the object could not be at its initial position. When the position change was indicated by an indirect cue, cats searched more at the object`s initial than final position, whereas dogs searched equally at both positions. Interspecific similarities and differences are interpreted in terms of the requirements for resetting working memory. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 537 | ||
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| Author | SYLVAIN GAGNON,FRANCOISY. DORE | ||||
| Title | Search behavior of dogs (Canis familiaris) in invisible displacement problems | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication |
Animal Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Learn. & Behav. |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 246-254 |
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| Abstract | Gagnon and Dor (1992) showed that domestic dogs are able to solve a Piagetian object permanence task called the invisible displacement problem. A toy is hidden in a container which is moved behind a screen where the toy is removed and left. Dogs make more errors in these problems than they do in visible displacement tests, in which the object is hidden directly behind the target screen. In Experiment 1, we examinedcomponents ofthe standard procedure of invisible displacements that may make encoding or retention of the hiding location more difficult than it is in visible displacements. In Experiment 2, we compared dogs performances in visible and invisible displacement problems when delays of 0, 10, and 20 sec were introduced between the objects final disappearance and the subjects release. The results revealed that dogs poorer performance in invisible displacement tests is related to the complex sequence of events that have to be encoded or remembered as well as to a difficulty in representing the position change that is signaled, but not directly perceived. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 538 | ||
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| Author | Kurtzman H.S.; Church R.M.; Crystal J.D. | ||||
| Title | Data archiving for animal cognition research: Report of an NIMH workshop | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication |
Animal Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 30 | Issue | Pages | 405-412 | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 3504 | ||
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