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Author | Janczarek, I.; Wisniewska, A.; Chruszczewski, M.H.; Tkaczyk, E.; Górecka-Bruzda, A. | ||||
Title | Social Behaviour of Horses in Response to Vocalisations of Predators | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2020 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | Animals |
Volume | 10 | Issue | 2331 | Pages | |
Keywords | horse; predator; vocalisation; social defensive behaviour; grey wolf; Arabian leopard; golden jackal | ||||
Abstract | We tested the hypothesis that social defensive responses to the vocalisation of a predator still exist in horses. The recordings of a grey wolf, an Arabian leopard and a golden jackal were played to 20 Konik polski and Arabian mares. Durations of grazing, standing still, standing alert and the number of steps in walk and trot/canter were measured. In one-minute scans, the distances of the focal horse from the reference horse (DIST-RH) and from the nearest loudspeaker (DIST-LS) were approximated. The vocalisation of a leopard aroused the Arabians more than the Koniks (less grazing, stand-still and walk, more stand-alert and trotting/cantering). Koniks showed more relaxed behaviours to the leopard vocalisation (more grazing, stand-still and walk), but high alertness to the wolf playback (stand-alert, trotting/cantering). Spatial formation of the herd of Koniks showed tight grouping (lower DIST-RH) and maintaining distance from the potential threat (DIST-LS) in response to the wolf howling, while the Arabians approached the loudspeakers in linear herd formation when the leopard growls were played. Adult horses responded to potential predation by changing spatial group formations. This ability to apply a social strategy may be one of the explanations for the least number of horses among all hunted farm animal species. | ||||
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Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | Animals | ||
Series Volume | 10 | Series Issue | 12 | Edition | |
ISSN | 2076-2615 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6675 | ||
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Author | Sigurjónsdóttir, H.; Haraldsson, H. | ||||
Title | Significance of Group Composition for the Welfare of Pastured Horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | Animals |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 14 | Pages | |
Keywords | horse welfare; aggression; allogrooming; pastured horses; Icelandic horse | ||||
Abstract | We explore how herd composition and management factors correlate with frequencies of social interactions in horse groups. Since the welfare of horses correlates with low aggression levels and social contact opportunities, information of this kind is important. The data are a collection of records of social interactions of 426 Icelandic horses in 20 groups of at least eight horses. The complexities and limitations of the data prohibit useful statistical modelling so the results are presented descriptively. Interesting and informative patterns emerge which can be of use both in management and in future studies. Of special interest are the low levels of agonistic behaviours in breeding groups where one stallion was present. The horses were less agonistic when in groups with young foals and where group membership was stable. Unfamiliar yearlings in peer groups were especially aggressive. Allogrooming was most frequent in groups with relatively more young horses and in unstable and small groups. Interestingly, the horses allogroomed more if they had few preferred allogrooming partners. The findings show that composition (age/sex) and stability of groups are of great importance with respect to aggression levels and opportunities for establishing bonds. | ||||
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Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | Animals | ||
Series Volume | 9 | Series Issue | 1 | Edition | |
ISSN | 2076-2615 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6510 | ||
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Author | Sigurjónsdóttir, H.; Haraldsson, H. | ||||
Title | Significance of Group Composition for the Welfare of Pastured Horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | Animals |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 14 |
Keywords | horse welfare; aggression; allogrooming; pastured horses; Icelandic horse | ||||
Abstract | Simple Summary Because of their social nature, horses need to have plenty of opportunities to interact with others to establish bonds and learn from their elders. Comparison of social behaviour of 426 horses in 20 groups of Icelandic horses in pastures, showed that aggression was lowest where the group composition was like the natural system, i.e., with a stallion, mares and their young foals. In groups without a stallion, the presence of foals is also associated with low aggression. Stability of the group with respect to group composition is of great importance; the horses are less aggressive in the more stable groups. The highest aggression was found in groups of unfamiliar yearlings. The horses allogroomed more in groups with relatively more young horses, which suggests they are forming bonds. Later, they groom less but prefer certain individuals. Horse owners should all be aware of the importance of planning the composition of horse groups and to keep the membership as stable as possible in order to ensure good welfare. Abstract We explore how herd composition and management factors correlate with frequencies of social interactions in horse groups. Since the welfare of horses correlates with low aggression levels and social contact opportunities, information of this kind is important. The data are a collection of records of social interactions of 426 Icelandic horses in 20 groups of at least eight horses. The complexities and limitations of the data prohibit useful statistical modelling so the results are presented descriptively. Interesting and informative patterns emerge which can be of use both in management and in future studies. Of special interest are the low levels of agonistic behaviours in breeding groups where one stallion was present. The horses were less agonistic when in groups with young foals and where group membership was stable. Unfamiliar yearlings in peer groups were especially aggressive. Allogrooming was most frequent in groups with relatively more young horses and in unstable and small groups. Interestingly, the horses allogroomed more if they had few preferred allogrooming partners. The findings show that composition (age/sex) and stability of groups are of great importance with respect to aggression levels and opportunities for establishing bonds. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6585 | ||
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Author | Fragaszy, D.; Visalberghi, E. | ||||
Title | Primates “primacy” reconsidered | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Social learning in animals: the roots of culture | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 65-84 | ||
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Publisher | Academic Press, Inc. | Place of Publication | Editor | Heyes, C. ; Galef, B.G. | |
Language | Summary Language | Original Title | Social learning in animals: the roots of culture | ||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | ISBN | 978-0122739651 | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ home | Serial | 2175 | ||
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Author | Silk, J. B. | ||||
Title | Patterns of intervention in agonistic contests among male bonnet macaques | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 1992 | Publication | Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and Other Animals | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 215-232 | ||
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Publisher | Oxford University Press | Place of Publication | Oxford | Editor | Harcourt, A.H., and de Waal, F.B.M. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5234 | ||
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Author | Wolter, R.; Stefanski, V.; Krueger, K. | ||||
Title | Parameters for the Analysis of Social Bonds in Horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | Animals |
Volume | 8 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 191 |
Keywords | feral horses; mutual grooming; social bonds; social bond analysis; spatial proximity | ||||
Abstract | Social bond analysis is of major importance for the evaluation of social relationships in group housed horses. However, in equine behaviour literature, studies on social bond analysis are inconsistent. Mutual grooming (horses standing side by side and gently nipping, nuzzling, or rubbing each other), affiliative approaches (horses approaching each other and staying within one body length), and measurements of spatial proximity (horses standing with body contact or within two horse-lengths) are commonly used. In the present study, we assessed which of the three parameters is most suitable for social bond analysis in horses, and whether social bonds are affected by individual and group factors. We observed social behaviour and spatial proximity in 145 feral horses, five groups of Przewalski�s horses (N = 36), and six groups of feral horses (N = 109) for 15 h per group, on three days within one week. We found grooming, friendly approaches, and spatial proximity to be robust parameters, as their correlation was affected only by the animals� sex (GLMM: N = 145, SE = 0.001, t = �2.7, p = 0.008) and the group size (GLMM: N = 145, SE < 0.001, t = 4.255, p < 0.001), but not by the horse breed, the aggression ratio, the social rank, the group, the group composition, and the individuals themselves. Our results show a trend for a correspondence between all three parameters (GLMM: N = 145, SE = 0.004, t = 1.95, p = 0.053), a strong correspondence between mutual grooming and friendly approaches (GLMM: N = 145, SE = 0.021, t = 3.922, p < 0.001), and a weak correspondence between mutual grooming and spatial proximity (GLMM: N = 145, SE = 0.04, t = 1.15, p = 0.25). We therefore suggest either using a combination of the proactive behaviour counts mutual grooming and friendly approaches, or using measurements of close spatial proximity, for the analysis of social bonds in horses within a limited time frame. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2076-2615 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6428 | ||
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Author | Mendl M, Held Z. | ||||
Title | Living in gourps: Evolutionary Perspective | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | Publication | Social Behavior in Farm Animals | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Abstract | An understanding of social behavior is increasingly necessary in farm animal husbandry as more animals are housed in groups rather than in individual stalls or pens. There may be economic or welfare reasons for such housing. This book is the first to specifically address this important subject. The chapters fall into three broad subject areas: concepts in social behavior; species specific chapters; current issues. Authors include leading experts from Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand. | ||||
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ISSN | ISBN | 9780851993973 | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 512 | ||
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Author | Krueger, K.; Schwarz, S.; Marr, I.; Farmer, K. | ||||
Title | Laterality in Horse Training: Psychological and Physical Balance and Coordination and Strength Rather Than Straightness | Type | Magazine Article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | Animals |
Volume | 12 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 1042 |
Keywords | balance; body asymmetry; equitation; horse; motor laterality; sensory laterality; stress; welfare | ||||
Abstract | For centuries, a goal of training in many equestrian disciplines has been to straighten the horse, which is considered a key element in achieving its responsiveness and suppleness. However, laterality is a naturally occurring phenomenon in horses and encompasses body asymmetry, motor laterality and sensory laterality. Furthermore, forcibly counterbalancing motor laterality has been considered a cause of psychological imbalance in humans. Perhaps asymmetry and laterality should rather be accepted, with a focus on training psychological and physical balance, coordination and equal strength on both sides instead of enforcing “straightness”. To explore this, we conducted a review of the literature on the function and causes of motor and sensory laterality in horses, especially in horses when trained on the ground or under a rider. The literature reveals that body asymmetry is innate but does not prevent the horse from performing at a high level under a rider. Motor laterality is equally distributed in feral horses, while in domestic horses, age, breed, training and carrying a rider may cause left leg preferences. Most horses initially observe novel persons and potentially threatening objects or situations with their left sensory organs. Pronounced preferences for the use of left sensory organs or limbs indicate that the horse is experiencing increased emotionality or stress, and long-term insufficiencies in welfare, housing or training may result in left shifts in motor and sensory laterality and pessimistic mentalities. Therefore, increasing laterality can be regarded as an indicator for insufficiencies in housing, handling and training. We propose that laterality be recognized as a welfare indicator and that straightening the horse should be achieved by conducting training focused on balance, coordination and equal strength on both sides. | ||||
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Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | Animals | ||
Series Volume | 12 | Series Issue | 8 | Edition | |
ISSN | 2076-2615 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6670 | ||
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Author | Lefebvre, L.; Giraldeau, L.-A. | ||||
Title | Is social learning an adaptive specialisation? | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Social learning in animals: The root of culture | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 107-128 | ||
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Publisher | Academic Press. | Place of Publication | San Diego | Editor | Heyes, C. M. ;B. G. Galef B. G..Jr. |
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ISSN | ISBN | 978-0122739651 | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4415 | ||
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Author | Dyer, F. C. | ||||
Title | Individual cognition and group movement: insights from social insects. | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Group Movement in Social Primates and Other Animals: Patterns, Processes, and Cognitive Implications. | Abbreviated Journal | |
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Publisher | University of Chicago Press | Place of Publication | Chicago | Editor | Garber, P.;Boinski, S. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4425 | ||
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