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Author Cerasoli, F.; Podaliri Vulpiani, M.; Saluti, G.; Conte, A.; Ricci, M.; Savini, G.; D'Alterio, N. doi  openurl
  Title Assessment of Welfare in Groups of Horses with Different Management, Environments and Activities by Measuring Cortisol in Horsehair, Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Hybrid Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Type
  Year 2022 Publication Animals Abbreviated Journal Animals  
  Volume 12 Issue 14 Pages  
  Keywords cortisol; animal welfare; horse; Lc-Hrms/Ms  
  Abstract Horses have always been animals used for companionship, work, transportation, and performance purposes over the history of humanity; there are different ways of managing horses, but studies on how horse welfare is influenced by different activities and managements are scanty. Understanding how the management, the environment, and the different uses of horses can affect the level of stress and well-being is important not only for people associated with horses. Three groups of horses with different management, environments, and activities were selected: (1) stabled horses ridden frequently, (2) horses that perform public order service under the Italian state police, and (3) free-ranging horses. Cortisol analysis was carried out on horsehair samples using liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS), a laboratory technique used for the first time to quantify horsehair cortisol. The selection of horses to be included in the three groups was carried out by including only subjects with positive welfare assessment in accordance with the horse welfare assessment protocol (AWIN). These analyses demonstrated that the cortisol levels detected in the horsehair of free-ranging animals were significantly higher compared to those detected in stabled and working horses. These results may have been a consequence of complex environmental, managerial, and behavioral factors, which should be worth further investigation  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title Animals  
  Series Volume 12 Series Issue 14 Edition  
  ISSN 2076-2615 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6674  
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Author Janczarek, I.; Wisniewska, A.; Chruszczewski, M.H.; Tkaczyk, E.; Górecka-Bruzda, A. doi  openurl
  Title Social Behaviour of Horses in Response to Vocalisations of Predators Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Animals Abbreviated Journal Animals  
  Volume 10 Issue 2331 Pages  
  Keywords horse; predator; vocalisation; social defensive behaviour; grey wolf; Arabian leopard; golden jackal  
  Abstract We tested the hypothesis that social defensive responses to the vocalisation of a predator still exist in horses. The recordings of a grey wolf, an Arabian leopard and a golden jackal were played to 20 Konik polski and Arabian mares. Durations of grazing, standing still, standing alert and the number of steps in walk and trot/canter were measured. In one-minute scans, the distances of the focal horse from the reference horse (DIST-RH) and from the nearest loudspeaker (DIST-LS) were approximated. The vocalisation of a leopard aroused the Arabians more than the Koniks (less grazing, stand-still and walk, more stand-alert and trotting/cantering). Koniks showed more relaxed behaviours to the leopard vocalisation (more grazing, stand-still and walk), but high alertness to the wolf playback (stand-alert, trotting/cantering). Spatial formation of the herd of Koniks showed tight grouping (lower DIST-RH) and maintaining distance from the potential threat (DIST-LS) in response to the wolf howling, while the Arabians approached the loudspeakers in linear herd formation when the leopard growls were played. Adult horses responded to potential predation by changing spatial group formations. This ability to apply a social strategy may be one of the explanations for the least number of horses among all hunted farm animal species.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title Animals  
  Series Volume 10 Series Issue 12 Edition  
  ISSN 2076-2615 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6675  
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Author Krueger, K.; Trager, L.; Farmer, K.; Byrne, R. doi  openurl
  Title Tool Use in Horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2022 Publication Animals Abbreviated Journal Animals  
  Volume 12 Issue 15 Pages 1876  
  Keywords crowdsourcing; horse; innovation; mule; management; tool use  
  Abstract Tool use has not yet been confirmed in horses, mules or donkeys. As this subject is difficult to research with conventional methods, we used a crowdsourcing approach to gather data. We contacted equid owners and carers and asked them to report and video examples of â��unusualâ�� behaviour via a dedicated website. We also searched YouTube and Facebook for videos of equids showing tool use. From 635 reports, including 1014 behaviours, we found 20 cases of tool use, 13 of which were unambiguous in that it was clear that the behaviour was not trained, caused by reduced welfare, incidental or accidental. We then assessed (a) the effect of management conditions on tool use and (b) whether the animals used tools alone, or socially, involving other equids or humans. We found that management restrictions were associated with corresponding tool use in 12 of the 13 cases (p = 0.01), e.g., equids using sticks to scrape hay within reach when feed was restricted. Furthermore, 8 of the 13 cases involved other equids or humans, such as horses using brushes to groom others. The most frequent tool use was for foraging, with seven examples, tool use for social purposes was seen in four cases, and there was just one case of tool use for escape. There was just one case of tool use for comfort, and in this instance, there were no management restrictions. Equids therefore can develop tool use, especially when management conditions are restricted, but it is a rare occurrence.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title Animals  
  Series Volume 12 Series Issue 15 Edition  
  ISSN 2076-2615 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6695  
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Author Marr, I.; Farmer, K.; Krueger, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Evidence for Right-Sided Horses Being More Optimistic than Left-Sided Horses Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Animals Abbreviated Journal Animals  
  Volume 8 Issue 12 Pages 219  
  Keywords  
  Abstract An individual's positive or negative perspective when judging an ambiguous stimulus (cognitive bias) can be helpful when assessing animal welfare. Emotionality, as expressed in approach or withdrawal behaviour, is linked to brain asymmetry. The predisposition to process information in the left or right brain hemisphere is displayed in motor laterality. The quality of the information being processed is indicated by the sensory laterality. Consequently, it would be quicker and more repeatable to use motor or sensory laterality to evaluate cognitive bias than to perform the conventional judgment bias test. Therefore, the relationship between cognitive bias and motor or sensory laterality was tested. The horses (n = 17) were trained in a discrimination task involving a box that was placed in either a “positive” or “negative” location. To test for cognitive bias, the box was then placed in the middle, between the trained positive and negative location, in an ambiguous location, and the latency to approach the box was evaluated. Results indicated that horses that were more likely to use the right forelimb when moving off from a standing position were more likely to approach the ambiguous box with a shorter latency (generalized linear mixed model, p < 0.01), and therefore displayed a positive cognitive bias (optimistic).  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2076-2615 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ ani8120219 Serial 6439  
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Author Esch, L.; Wöhr, C.; Erhard, M.; Krueger, K. doi  openurl
  Title Horses&#65533; (Equus Caballus) Laterality, Stress Hormones, and Task Related Behavior in Innovative Problem-Solving Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication Animals Abbreviated Journal Animals  
  Volume 9 Issue 5 Pages 265  
  Keywords innovative behavior; brain lateralization; glucocorticoid metabolites; behavioral traits; equine cognition  
  Abstract Domesticated horses are constantly confronted with novel tasks. A recent study on anecdotal data indicates that some are innovative in dealing with such tasks. However, innovative behavior in horses has not previously been investigated under experimental conditions. In this study, we investigated whether 16 horses found an innovative solution when confronted with a novel feeder. Moreover, we investigated whether innovative behavior in horses may be affected by individual aspects such as: age, sex, size, motor and sensory laterality, fecal stress hormone concentrations (GCMs), and task-related behavior. Our study revealed evidence for 25% of the horses being capable of innovative problem solving for operating a novel feeder. Innovative horses of the present study were active, tenacious, and may be considered to have a higher inhibitory control, which was revealed by their task related behavior. Furthermore, they appeared to be emotional, reflected by high baseline GCM concentrations and a left sensory and motor laterality. These findings may contribute to the understanding of horses&#65533; cognitive capacities to deal with their environment and calls for enriched environments in sports and leisure horse management.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ Esch2019 Serial 6570  
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Author Fragaszy, D.; Visalberghi, E. isbn  openurl
  Title Primates “primacy” reconsidered Type Book Chapter
  Year 1996 Publication Social learning in animals: the roots of culture Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 65-84  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Academic Press, Inc. Place of Publication Editor Heyes, C. ; Galef, B.G.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title Social learning in animals: the roots of culture  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-0122739651 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ home Serial 2175  
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Author Laland, K. N.; Richerson, P. J.; Boyd, R. openurl 
  Title Developing a theory of animal social learning. Type Book Chapter
  Year 1996 Publication Social learning in animals: the roots of culture. Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 129-154  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Academic Press Place of Publication San Diego, California Editor Heyes, C. M.;Galef,B. G. J.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) Equine Behaviour @ team @ home Serial 4093  
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Author Mendl M, Held Z. isbn  openurl
  Title Living in gourps: Evolutionary Perspective Type Book Chapter
  Year Publication Social Behavior in Farm Animals Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract An understanding of social behavior is increasingly necessary in farm animal husbandry as more animals are housed in groups rather than in individual stalls or pens. There may be economic or welfare reasons for such housing. This book is the first to specifically address this important subject. The chapters fall into three broad subject areas: concepts in social behavior; species specific chapters; current issues. Authors include leading experts from Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 9780851993973 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) refbase @ user @ Serial 512  
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Author Allen, C. url  isbn
openurl 
  Title Transitive inference in animals: Reasoning or conditioned associations? Type Book Chapter
  Year 2006 Publication Rational Animals? Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 175-186  
  Keywords  
  Abstract It is widely accepted that many species of nonhuman animals appear to engage in transitive inference,

producing appropriate responses to novel pairings of non-adjacent members of an ordered series

without previous experience of these pairings. Some researchers have taken this capability as

providing direct evidence that these animals reason. Others resist such declarations, favouring instead

explanations in terms of associative conditioning. Associative accounts of transitive inference have

been refined in application to a simple 5-element learning task that is the main paradigm for

laboratory investigations of the phenomenon, but it remains unclear how well those accounts

generalise to more information-rich environments such as social hierarchies which may contain scores

of individuals, and where rapid learning is important. The case of transitive inference is an example of

a more general dispute between proponents of associative accounts and advocates of more cognitive

accounts of animal behaviour. Examination of the specific details of transitive inference suggests

some lessons for the wider debate.
 
  Address Texas A&M University  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor Hurley, S.; Nudds, M.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-0-19-852827-2 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) refbase @ user @ Serial 611  
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Author Bannikov, A.G. openurl 
  Title The Asiatic Wild Ass: neglected relative of the horse Type Journal Article
  Year 1971 Publication Animals Abbreviated Journal Animals  
  Volume 13 Issue Pages 580-585  
  Keywords  
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  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Englisch Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number (up) refbase @ user @ Serial 756  
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