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Author (down) Rørvang, M.V.; Christensen, J.W.; Ladewig, J.; McLean, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Social Learning in Horses--Fact or Fiction? Type Journal Article
  Year 2018 Publication Frontiers in Veterinary Science Abbreviated Journal Front. Vet. Sci.  
  Volume 5 Issue Pages 212  
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  Abstract Prima facie, the acquisition of novel behaviors in animals through observation of conspecifics seems straightforward. There are, however, various mechanisms through which the behavior of animals can be altered from observing others. These mechanisms range from simple hard-wired contagious processes to genuine learning by observation, which differ fundamentally in cognitive complexity. They range from social facilitation and local enhancement to true social learning. The different learning mechanisms are the subject of this review, largely because research on learning by observation can be confounded by difficulties in interpretation owing to the looming possibility of associative learning infecting experimental results. While it is often assumed that horses are capable of acquiring new behavior through intra-species observation, research on social learning in horses includes a variety of studies some of which may overestimate the possession of higher mental abilities. Assuming such abilities in their absence can have welfare implications, e.g. isolating stereotypical horses on the assumption that these behaviors can be learned though observation by neighboring horses. This review summarizes the definitions and criteria for the various types of social transmission and social learning and reviews the current documentation for each type in horses with the aim of clarifying whether horses possess the ability to learn through true social learning. As social ungulates, horses evolved in open landscapes, exposed to predators and grazing most of the day. Being in close proximity to conspecifics may theoretically offer an opportunity to learn socially, however anti-predator vigilance and locating forage may not require the neural complexity of social learning. Given the significant energetic expense of brain tissue, it is likely that social facilitation and local enhancement may have been sufficient in the adaptation of equids to their niche. As a consequence, social learning abilities may be maladaptive in horses. Collectively, the review proposes a novel differentiation between social transmission (social facilitation, local and stimulus enhancement) and social learning (goal emulation, imitation). Horses are undoubtedly sensitive to intra-species transfer of information but this transfer does not appear to satisfy the criteria for social learning, and thus there is no solid evidence for true social learning in horses.  
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  ISSN 2297-1769 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6558  
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Author (down) Ruid, D.B.; Paul, W.J.; Roell, B.J.; Wydeven, A.P.; Willging, R.C.; Jurewicz, R.L.; Lonsway, D.H. url  doi
isbn  openurl
  Title Wolf-Human Conflicts and Management in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan Type Book Chapter
  Year 2009 Publication Recovery of Gray Wolves in the Great Lakes Region of the United States: An Endangered Species Success Story Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 279-295  
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  Publisher Springer New York Place of Publication New York, NY Editor Wydeven, A.P.; Van Deelen, T.R.; Heske, E.J.  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-0-387-85952-1 Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Ruid2009 Serial 6577  
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Author (down) Rosati, A.G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Foraging Cognition: Reviving the Ecological Intelligence Hypothesis Type Journal Article
  Year 2017 Publication Trends in Cognitive Sciences Abbreviated Journal Trends in Cognitive Sciences  
  Volume 21 Issue 9 Pages 691-702  
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  Abstract What are the origins of intelligent behavior? The demands associated with living in complex social groups have been the favored explanation for the evolution of primate cognition in general and human cognition in particular. However, recent comparative research indicates that ecological variation can also shape cognitive abilities. I synthesize the emerging evidence that ?foraging cognition? ? skills used to exploit food resources, including spatial memory, decision-making, and inhibitory control ? varies adaptively across primates. These findings provide a new framework for the evolution of human cognition, given our species? dependence on costly, high-value food resources. Understanding the origins of the human mind will require an integrative theory accounting for how humans are unique in both our sociality and our ecology.  
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  Publisher Elsevier Place of Publication Editor  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1364-6613 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.05.011 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6586  
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Author (down) Rogers, L. doi  openurl
  Title Asymmetry of Motor Behavior and Sensory Perception: Which Comes First? Type Journal Article
  Year 2020 Publication Symmetrie Abbreviated Journal Symmetrie  
  Volume 12 Issue 5 Pages 690  
  Keywords development; motor asymmetry; visual lateralization; human fetus; chick embryo; sensory-motor interaction  
  Abstract By examining the development of lateralization in the sensory and motor systems of the human fetus and chick embryo, this paper debates which lateralized functions develop first and what interactions may occur between the different sensory and motor systems during development. It also discusses some known influences of inputs from the environment on the development of lateralization, particularly the effects of light exposure on the development of visual and motor lateralization in chicks. The effects of light on the human fetus are related in this context. Using the chick embryo as a model to elucidate the genetic and environmental factors involved in development of lateralization, some understanding has been gained about how these lateralized functions emerge. At the same time, the value of carrying out much more research on the development of the various types of lateralization has become apparent.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6610  
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Author (down) Ripple, W.J.; Estes, J.A.; Beschta, R.L.; Wilmers, C.C.; Ritchie, E.G.; Hebblewhite, M. url  doi
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  Title Status and ecological effects of the world's largest carnivores Type Journal Article
  Year 2014 Publication Science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 343 Issue Pages  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Ripple2014 Serial 6445  
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Author (down) Ripple, W.J.; Beschta, R.L. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Trophic cascades in Yellowstone: The first 15 years after wolf reintroduction Type Journal Article
  Year 2012 Publication Biol Conserv Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 145 Issue Pages  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Ripple2012 Serial 6452  
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Author (down) Riede, T.; Herzel, H.; Mehwald, D.; Seidner, W.; Trumler, E.; Böhme, G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Nonlinear phenomena in the natural howling of a dog-wolf mix Type Journal Article
  Year 2000 Publication J Acoust Soc Am Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 108 Issue Pages  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Riede2000 Serial 6484  
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Author (down) Richards, D.G.; Wiley, R.H. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Reverberations and Amplitude Fluctuations in the Propagation of Sound in a Forest: Implications for Animal Communication Type Journal Article
  Year 2008 Publication Am Nat Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 115 Issue Pages  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Richards2008 Serial 6485  
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Author (down) Reinhardt, I.; Kluth, G.; Nowak, C.; Szentiks, C.A.; Krone, O.; Ansorge, H.; Mueller, T. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Military training areas facilitate the recolonization of wolves in Germany Type Journal Article
  Year 2019 Publication Conservation Letters Abbreviated Journal Conservation Letters  
  Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages e12635  
  Keywords Canis lupus; large carnivores; population growth; protected areas; recolonization  
  Abstract Abstract Wolves (Canis lupus) are currently showing a remarkable comeback in the highly fragmented cultural landscapes of Germany. We here show that wolf numbers increased exponentially between 2000 and 2015 with an annual increase of about 36%. We demonstrate that the first territories in each newly colonized region were established over long distances from the nearest known reproducing pack on active military training areas (MTAs). We show that MTAs, rather than protected areas, served as stepping-stones for the recolonization of Germany facilitating subsequent spreading of wolf territories in the surrounding landscape. We did not find any significant difference between MTAs and protected areas with regard to habitat. One possible reason for the importance of MTAs may be their lower anthropogenic mortality rates compared to protected and other areas. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case where MTAs facilitate the recolonization of an endangered species across large areas.  
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  Publisher John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Place of Publication Editor  
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  ISSN 1755-263x ISBN Medium  
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  Notes https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12635 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6676  
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Author (down) Reinhardt, I.; Kluth, G.; Balzer, S.; Steyer, K. openurl 
  Title Wolfsverursachte Schäden, Präventions- und Ausgleichszahlungen in Deutschland 2021 Type Manuscript
  Year 2022 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 41 Issue Pages  
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  Publisher DBBW-Dokumentations- und Beratungsstelle des Bundes zum Thema Wolf Place of Publication Görlitz, Deutschland Editor Markus Ritz  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6684  
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