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Author Morgan, K.; Funkquist, P.; Nyman, G.
Title The effect of coat clipping on thermoregulation during intense exercise in trotters Type Journal Article
Year (up) 2002 Publication Equine Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Veterinary Journal
Volume 34 Issue S34 Pages 564-567
Keywords horse; thermoregulation; heat loss; recovery; blood temperature; oxygen uptake
Abstract Summary The aim of this study was to study the physiological, especially thermoregulatory, responses during intense exercise in the clipped horse compared to the horse with winter coat. Six Standardbred trotters were studied before and after clipping. They performed an inclined incremental high intensity treadmill exercise test and were monitored during recovery. The clipped horse differed significantly (ANOVA) during exercise as compare to coated: less increase in central venous blood temperature, higher skin surface temperature, greater difference skin to ambient temperature and higher rate of nonevaporative heat loss. The clipped horse had significantly lower total cutaneous evaporative heat loss from walk to end of peak exercise and a shorter time for recovery for the respiratory rate using a paired t test. The clipped horse showed a tendency (P = 0.059) to decreased oxygen uptake during the stepwise increase in workload. We concluded that the clipped horse experienced less strain on the thermoregulatory system due to an enhanced heat loss. Some clipped horses in the study showed a more efficient power output; future studies with emphasis on respiration and oxygen demand are needed to explain this.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher American Medical Association (AMA) Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05484.x Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6614
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Author Bachmann, I.; Audige, L.; Stauffacher, M.
Title Risk factors associated with behavioural disorders of crib-biting, weaving and box-walking in Swiss horses Type Journal Article
Year (up) 2003 Publication Equine Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J
Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 158-163
Keywords Animal Husbandry/*methods; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology); Data Collection; Female; Horse Diseases/epidemiology/*etiology/prevention & control; Horses; *Housing, Animal; Male; Mental Disorders/epidemiology/etiology/prevention & control/*veterinary; Prevalence; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors; *Stereotyped Behavior; Switzerland/epidemiology
Abstract REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Studies on the prevalence of behavioural disorders in horses and on associated risk factors have revealed inconsistent results. There are many studies on the neuropharmacological, surgical or mechanical therapy of stereotypies, but little is known about their causation. OBJECTIVES: To explore risk factors associated with the occurrence of behavioural disorders in horses. METHODS: A sample of horse owners, selected randomly and representative for Switzerland, was contacted in a postal survey. Answers were provided for 622 stables (response rate 35.2%). Individual data of 2,341 horses were examined with path analysis (multivariable linear and logistic regression), and adjustment made for possible confounding effects due to age and breed. RESULTS: Out of 60 possible risk factors, 11 were associated with the outcome at the univariable level (null-hypothesis path model) and 3 factors remained after the backward logistic regression procedure. Mature Warmbloods and Thoroughbreds, assessed by the owners to be reactive, fed 4 times a day and without daily pasture, had increased odds of displaying crib-biting, weaving and box-walking. Furthermore, indirect associations of 5 factors with the outcome were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The final logistic regression model of risk factors leads to the hypotheses that causal prevention of stereotypic behaviours should be based upon housing and management conditions which allow tactile contact with other horses (e.g. mutual grooming), daily free movement (paddock or pasture), as well as the provision of high amounts of roughage but of little or no concentrates. POTENTIAL CLINICAL RELEVANCE: It is one of the aims of population medicine to prevent the development of behavioural disorders. Further research is needed to test the concluding hypotheses in experimental studies or to verify them in the context of similar observational studies.
Address Institute of Animal Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), LFW B55. 1, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:12638792 Approved no
Call Number Serial 1907
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Author Momozawa, Y.; Ono, T.; Sato, F.; Kikusui, T.; Takeuchi, Y.; Mori, Y.; Kusunose, R.
Title Assessment of equine temperament by a questionnaire survey to caretakers and evaluation of its reliability by simultaneous behavior test Type Journal Article
Year (up) 2003 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 84 Issue 2 Pages 127-138
Keywords Anxiety; Heart rate; Horse; Questionnaire; Temperament
Abstract We carried out a questionnaire survey of the caretakers, using 86 riding horses kept in the Equestrian Park, Tokyo (Japan Racing Association). The questionnaire survey used a 5-point scale and a 3-point scale to assess several caretakers' impressions of each horse's temperament, on the basis of the norm and the horse's tendencies in ordinary care and daily training. Factor analysis of the temperament scores obtained with the 5-point scale questionnaire revealed three mutually independent factors that we named “anxiety”, “novelty seeking” and “understanding”. In order to verify the reliability of this questionnaire survey, a balloon reactivity test was conducted using the same horses. Each horse was introduced into an unfamiliar indoor arena (7 mx12.5 mx3 m) in the center of which two balloons slowly revolved. The horses' responses were assessed by recording changes in their behavior and heart rate (HR) during the 5 min experimental period. By comparing the questionnaire survey and the balloon reactivity test, it was found that the horses evaluated as highly anxious by the caretakers tended to show greater HR increases and defecate more often during exposure to the balloon stimuli than did the other horses. Additionally, the horses assessed by caretakers to have problems with ordinary care and/or training showed greater increases of HR and frequency of defecation in the balloon reactivity test, and the horses assessed as having `a long adaptation time to unfamiliar objects' were found to be unwilling to touch the balloons. Thus, the horses' behavior during the balloon reactivity test was highly consistent with their temperament as determined by the questionnaire. These results suggest that the questionnaire survey would be an effective means to assess equine temperamental traits, especially those related to anxiety.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1984
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Author Reader, S.M.
Title Innovation and social learning: individual variation and brain evolution Type Journal Article
Year (up) 2003 Publication Animal Biology (formerly Netherlands Journal of Zoology) Abbreviated Journal Anim. Biol. Leiden.
Volume 53 Issue 2 Pages 147-158
Keywords
Abstract This paper reviews behavioural, neurological and cognitive correlates of innovation at the individual, population and species level, focusing on birds and primates. Innovation, new or modified learned behaviour not previously found in the population, is the first stage in many instances of cultural transmission and may play an important role in the lives of animals with generalist or opportunistic lifestyles. Within-species, innovation is associated with low neophobia, high neophilia, and with high social learning propensities. Indices of innovatory propensities can be calculated for taxonomic groups by counting the frequency of reports of innovation in published literature. These innovation rate data provide a useful comparative measure for studies of behavioural flexibility and cognition. Innovation rate is positively correlated with the relative size of association areas in the brain, namely the hyperstriatum ventrale and neostriatum in birds, and the neocortex and striatum in primates. Innovation rate is also positively correlated with the reported variety of tool use, as well as interspecific differences in learning. Current evidence thus suggests similar patterns of cognitive evolution in primates and birds.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3395
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Author Reader, S. M.; Laland, K.N.
Title Animal Innovation Type Book Whole
Year (up) 2003 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6531
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Author Sol, D.
Title Behavioural flexibility: a neglected issue in the ecological and evolutionary literature Type Book Chapter
Year (up) 2003 Publication Animal innovation. Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 63-82
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Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6532
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Author Lee, P.C.
Title Innovation as a behavioural response to environmental challenges Type Book Chapter
Year (up) 2003 Publication Animal Innovation Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 261-279
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Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6534
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Author Laland, K. N.; van Bergen, Y
Title Experimental studies of innovation in the guppy Type Journal Article
Year (up) 2003 Publication Animal Innovation Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 155-174
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Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Ox Editor S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6537
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Author Greenberg, R.
Title The role of neophobia and neophilia in the development of innovative behavour in birds Type Book Chapter
Year (up) 2003 Publication Animal Innovation Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6547
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Author Reader, S. M.; MacDonald, K.
Title Environmental variability and primate behavioural flexibiity Type Book Chapter
Year (up) 2003 Publication Animal Innovation Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages 83-116
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Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor Reader, S. M.; Laland, K. L.
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6548
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