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	Author	Hampson, B.A.; Zabek, M.A.; Pollitt, C.C.; Nock, B.
	Title	Health and behaviour consequences of feral horse relocation			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Rangel. J.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	33	Issue	2	Pages	173-180
	Keywords	equine, GPS, movement, range.
	Abstract	Despite ongoing projects involving the breeding and release of equids into semi-wild and wild environments, insufficient information is available in the literature that describes strategies used by equids to adapt and survive in a novel environment. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of naïve, feral Equus caballus (horse) mares to cope in a novel feral horse environment and investigate possible reasons why some may not survive this challenge. Four mares taken from a semi-arid desert environment remained in good health but significantly changed their movement behaviour pattern when surrounded by prime grazing habitat in a mesic temperate grassland. Three of the four mares captured from the prime grazing habitat and released in the semi-arid desert habitat died, apparently due to stress and/or starvation, within 8 weeks of release. The fourth mare survived 4 months but lost considerable weight.The group of mares relocated to the semi-arid desert environment had difficulty adapting to relocation and did not take up the movement behaviour strategy of local horses, which required long distance treks from a central water hole to distant feeding areas at least 15 km away. The movement behaviour, range use and health consequences of relocating equids may be of interest to wildlife ecologists, animal behaviourists and horse welfare groups. The observations may be used to guide those intending on relocating managed domestic and native horses to novel habitats.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
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	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6210
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	Author	Bates, D.
	Title	Fitting linear mixed models in R			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	R News	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	5	Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Bates2005			Serial	6293
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	Author	Price, E.O.
	Title	Behavioral aspects of animal domestication			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1984	Publication	Q Rev Biol	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	59	Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Price1984			Serial	6239
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	Author	Gardner, E.L.; Engel, D.R.
	Title	Imitational and social facilitatory aspects of observational learning in the laboratory rat			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1971	Publication	Psychonomic Science	Abbreviated Journal	Psychon. Sci.
	Volume	25	Issue	1	Pages	5-6
	Keywords
	Abstract	Rats acquired a food-motivated leverpressing response by “observational learning” or by trial-and-error learning under conditions of social facilitation or isolation. Both the observational learning and social facilitation Ss learned faster than did the isolated trial-and-error Ss. There was no difference in speed of learning between the observational learning and social facilitation groups. It is suggested that some previous studies purporting to demonstrate observational learning may have demonstrated socially facilitated trial-and-error learning instead.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0033-3131	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Gardner1971			Serial	6421
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	Author	Meddock, T.; Osborn, D.
	Title	Neophobia in wild and laboratory mice			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1968	Publication	Psychol Sci	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	12	Issue		Pages
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Meddock1968			Serial	6366
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	Author	Zentall, T.R.; Sutton, J.E.; Sherburne, L.M.
	Title	True imitative learning in pigeons			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1996	Publication	Psychol Sci	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7	Issue		Pages
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	Abstract
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Zentall1996			Serial	6372
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	Author	Liker, A.; Bókony, V.
	Title	Larger groups are more successful in innovative problem solving in house sparrows			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2009	Publication	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America	Abbreviated Journal	Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
	Volume	106	Issue	19	Pages	7893-7898
	Keywords
	Abstract	Group living offers well-known benefits to animals, such as better predator avoidance and increased foraging success. An important additional, but so far neglected, advantage is that groups may cope more effectively with unfamiliar situations through faster innovations of new solutions by some group members. We tested this hypothesis experimentally by presenting a new foraging task of opening a familiar feeder in an unfamiliar way to house sparrows in small and large groups (2 versus 6 birds). Group size had strong effects on problem solving: sparrows performed 4 times more and 11 times faster openings in large than in small groups, and all members of large groups profited by getting food sooner (7 times on average). Independently from group size, urban groups were more successful than rural groups. The disproportionately higher success in large groups was not a mere consequence of higher number of attempts, but was also related to a higher effectiveness of problem solving (3 times higher proportion of successful birds). The analyses of the birds' behavior suggest that the latter was not explained by either reduced investment in antipredator vigilance or reduced neophobia in large groups. Instead, larger groups may contain more diverse individuals with different skills and experiences, which may increase the chance of solving the task by some group members. Increased success in problem solving may promote group living in animals and may help them to adapt quickly to new situations in rapidly-changing environments.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6538
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	Author	Morand-Ferron, J.; Quinn, J.L.
	Title	Larger groups of passerines are more efficient problem solvers in the wild			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America	Abbreviated Journal	Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
	Volume	108	Issue	38	Pages	15898-15903
	Keywords
	Abstract	Group living commonly helps organisms face challenging environmental conditions. Although a known phenomenon in humans, recent findings suggest that a benefit of group living in animals generally might be increased innovative problem-solving efficiency. This benefit has never been demonstrated in a natural context, however, and the mechanisms underlying improved efficiency are largely unknown. We examined the problem-solving performance of great and blue tits at automated devices and found that efficiency increased with flock size. This relationship held when restricting the analysis to naive individuals, demonstrating that larger groups increased innovation efficiency. In addition to this effect of naive flock size, the presence of at least one experienced bird increased the frequency of solving, and larger flocks were more likely to contain experienced birds. These findings provide empirical evidence for the “pool of competence” hypothesis in nonhuman animals. The probability of success also differed consistently between individuals, a necessary condition for the pool of competence hypothesis. Solvers had a higher probability of success when foraging with a larger number of companions and when using devices located near rather than further from protective tree cover, suggesting a role for reduced predation risk on problem-solving efficiency. In contrast to traditional group living theory, individuals joining larger flocks benefited from a higher seed intake, suggesting that group living facilitated exploitation of a novel food source through improved problem-solving efficiency. Together our results suggest that both ecological and social factors, through reduced predation risk and increased pool of competence, mediate innovation in natural populations.
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	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6539
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	Author	Sabou, M.; Bontcheva, K.; Scharl, A.
	Title	Crowdsourcing Research Opportunities: Lessons from Natural Language Processing			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2012	Publication	Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Technologies	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-18
	Keywords	crowdsourcing, games with a purpose, natural language processing, resource acquisition
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Acm	Place of Publication	New York, NY, USA	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	i-KNOW '12	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-1-4503-1242-4	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Sabou:2012:CRO:2362456.2362479			Serial	6436
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	Author	Bücheler, T.; Sieg, J.H.
	Title	Understanding Science 2.0: Crowdsourcing and Open Innovation in the Scientific Method			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2011	Publication	Procedia Computer Science	Abbreviated Journal	Proceedings of the 2nd European Future Technologies Conference and Exhibition 2011 (FET 11)
	Volume	7	Issue		Pages	327-329
	Keywords	Crowdsourcing; Open Innovation; Simulation; Agent-Based Modeling; Science 2.0; Citizen Science
	Abstract	The innovation process is currently undergoing significant change in many industries. The World Wide Web has created a virtual world of collective intelligence and helped large groups of people connect and collaborate in the innovation process [1]. Von Hippel [2], for instance, states that a large number of users of a given technology will come up with innovative ideas. This process, originating in business, is now also being observed in science. Discussions around “Citizen Science” [3] and “Science 2.0” [4] suggest the same effects are relevant for fundamental research practices. “Crowdsourcing” [5] and “Open Innovation” [6] as well as other names for those paradigms, like Peer Production, Wikinomics, Swarm Intelligence etc., have become buzzwords in recent years. However, serious academic research efforts have also been started in many disciplines. In essence, these buzzwords all describe a form of collective intelligence that is enabled by new technologies, particularly internet connectivity. The focus of most current research on this topic is in the for-profit domain, i.e. organizations willing (and able) to pay large sums to source innovation externally, for instance through innovation contests. Our research is testing the applicability of Crowdsourcing and some techniques from Open Innovation to the scientific method and basic science in a non-profit environment (e.g., a traditional research university). If the tools are found to be useful, this may significantly change how some research tasks are conducted: While large, apriori unknown crowds of “irrational agents” (i.e. humans) are used to support scientists (and teams thereof) in several research tasks through the internet, the usefulness and robustness of these interactions as well as scientifically important factors like quality and validity of research results are tested in a systematic manner. The research is highly interdisciplinary and is done in collaboration with scientists from sociology, psychology, management science, economics, computer science, and artificial intelligence. After a pre-study, extensive data collection has been conducted and the data is currently being analyzed. The paper presents ideas and hypotheses and opens the discussion for further input.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1877-0509	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6434
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