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VSO Downloader. Copyright VSO Software SARL. VSO-Software SARL Bat A, 1er Etage,109 Avenue de Lespinet, 31400 Toulouse |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ ref52 |
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6493 |
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4Free Video Converter. 4 Free Studio. Copyright© 2000~2015 4Free Video Converter Inc. a Multimedia Utility Company |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ ref53 |
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6494 |
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Gazzola, A.; Avanzinelli, E.; Mauri, L.; Scandura, M.; Apollonio, M. |
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Temporal changes of howling in south European wolf packs |
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2002 |
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Ital J Zool |
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69 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Gazzola2002 |
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6495 |
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Boersma, P.; Weenink, D. |
| Title |
Praat: doing phonetics by computer |
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2009 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Boersma2009 |
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6496 |
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Animal Acoustic Communication: Sound Analysis and Research Methods |
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1998 |
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Springer |
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Berlin |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ ref56 |
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6497 |
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| Author |
McGreevy, P.; Yeates, J. |
| Title |
Horses (Equus caballus) |
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Book Chapter |
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2018 |
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Companion Animal Care and Welfare |
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animal company; behavioural signs; diseases; domestic horses; euthanasia; human interaction; nutritional requirements |
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Summary Domestic horses are equid members of the class Mammalia, order Perissodactyla, and family Equidae. Horses are obligate herbivores, with nutritional requirements as listed in a table. Adequate space is necessary for exercise, exploration, flight, sharing resources, play, and rolling. Company is essential for all horses, including stallions. Company provides opportunities for mutual grooming and play and allows horses to stand head-to-tail to remove flies. Unhandled horses may respond to humans as they would to predators, whereas handled horses' responses depend on their previous interactions with humans. Horses can suffer from several diseases as listed in another table. The best method of euthanasia of horses is usually sedation followed by either cranial shooting or the injection of an overdose of pentobarbitone into the jugular vein. Behavioural signs of distress can include increased locomotory activity, vigilance behaviours, neighing, snorting, pawing, nibbling walls and buckets, defaecation, rearing, kicking stable walls or doors, and high-stepping 'prancing'. |
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Wiley Online Books |
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Companion Animal Care and Welfare |
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9781119333708 |
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doi:10.1002/9781119333708.ch13 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6506 |
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Amodio, P.; Boeckle, M.; Schnell, A.K.; Ostojic, L.; Fiorito, G.; Clayton, N.S. |
| Title |
Grow Smart and Die Young: Why Did Cephalopods Evolve Intelligence? |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
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Trends. Ecol. Evol. |
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Intelligence in large-brained vertebrates might have evolved through independent, yet similar processes based on comparable socioecological pressures and slow life histories. This convergent evolutionary route, however, cannot explain why cephalopods developed large brains and flexible behavioural repertoires: cephalopods have fast life histories and live in simple social environments. Here, we suggest that the loss of the external shell in cephalopods (i) caused a dramatic increase in predatory pressure, which in turn prevented the emergence of slow life histories, and (ii) allowed the exploitation of novel challenging niches, thus favouring the emergence of intelligence. By highlighting convergent and divergent aspects between cephalopods and large-brained vertebrates we illustrate how the evolution of intelligence might not be constrained to a single evolutionary route. |
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Elsevier |
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0169-5347 |
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doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2018.10.010 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6508 |
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Sigurjónsdóttir, H.; Haraldsson, H. |
| Title |
Significance of Group Composition for the Welfare of Pastured Horses |
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2019 |
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Animals |
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Animals |
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9 |
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14 |
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horse welfare; aggression; allogrooming; pastured horses; Icelandic horse |
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We explore how herd composition and management factors correlate with frequencies of social interactions in horse groups. Since the welfare of horses correlates with low aggression levels and social contact opportunities, information of this kind is important. The data are a collection of records of social interactions of 426 Icelandic horses in 20 groups of at least eight horses. The complexities and limitations of the data prohibit useful statistical modelling so the results are presented descriptively. Interesting and informative patterns emerge which can be of use both in management and in future studies. Of special interest are the low levels of agonistic behaviours in breeding groups where one stallion was present. The horses were less agonistic when in groups with young foals and where group membership was stable. Unfamiliar yearlings in peer groups were especially aggressive. Allogrooming was most frequent in groups with relatively more young horses and in unstable and small groups. Interestingly, the horses allogroomed more if they had few preferred allogrooming partners. The findings show that composition (age/sex) and stability of groups are of great importance with respect to aggression levels and opportunities for establishing bonds. |
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Animals |
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9 |
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1 |
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2076-2615 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6510 |
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Stecken, Paul |
| Title |
Bemerkungen und Zusammenhänge |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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FNverlag der Deutschen Reiterlichen Vereinigung GmbH |
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wARENDORF |
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978-3-88542-889-3 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6511 |
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Hofmeester, T.R.; Cromsigt, J.P.G.M.; Odden, J.; Andrén, H.; Kindberg, J.; Linnell, J.D.C. |
| Title |
Framing pictures: A conceptual framework to identify and correct for biases in detection probability of camera traps enabling multi-species comparison |
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Journal Article |
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2019 |
Publication |
Ecology and Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol Evol |
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animal characteristics; detectability; environmental variables; mammal monitoring; reuse of data; trail camera |
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Abstract Obtaining reliable species observations is of great importance in animal ecology and wildlife conservation. An increasing number of studies use camera traps (CTs) to study wildlife communities, and an increasing effort is made to make better use and reuse of the large amounts of data that are produced. It is in these circumstances that it becomes paramount to correct for the species- and study-specific variation in imperfect detection within CTs. We reviewed the literature and used our own experience to compile a list of factors that affect CT detection of animals. We did this within a conceptual framework of six distinct scales separating out the influences of (a) animal characteristics, (b) CT specifications, (c) CT set-up protocols, and (d) environmental variables. We identified 40 factors that can potentially influence the detection of animals by CTs at these six scales. Many of these factors were related to only a few overarching parameters. Most of the animal characteristics scale with body mass and diet type, and most environmental characteristics differ with season or latitude such that remote sensing products like NDVI could be used as a proxy index to capture this variation. Factors that influence detection at the microsite and camera scales are probably the most important in determining CT detection of animals. The type of study and specific research question will determine which factors should be corrected. Corrections can be done by directly adjusting the CT metric of interest or by using covariates in a statistical framework. Our conceptual framework can be used to design better CT studies and help when analyzing CT data. Furthermore, it provides an overview of which factors should be reported in CT studies to make them repeatable, comparable, and their data reusable. This should greatly improve the possibilities for global scale analyses of (reused) CT data. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |
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2045-7758 |
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doi: 10.1002/ece3.4878 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6518 |
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