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| Author | Bartal, I.B.-A.; Decety, J.; Mason, P. | ||||
| Title | Empathy and Pro-Social Behavior in Rats | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Science | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 334 | Issue | 6061 | Pages | 1427-1430 |
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| Abstract | Whereas human pro-social behavior is often driven by empathic concern for another, it is unclear whether nonprimate mammals experience a similar motivational state. To test for empathically motivated pro-social behavior in rodents, we placed a free rat in an arena with a cagemate trapped in a restrainer. After several sessions, the free rat learned to intentionally and quickly open the restrainer and free the cagemate. Rats did not open empty or object-containing restrainers. They freed cagemates even when social contact was prevented. When liberating a cagemate was pitted against chocolate contained within a second restrainer, rats opened both restrainers and typically shared the chocolate. Thus, rats behave pro-socially in response to a conspecific�s distress, providing strong evidence for biological roots of empathically motivated helping behavior. | ||||
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| Notes | 10.1126/science.1210789 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5725 | ||
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| Author | Gibbs, P.G.; Cohen, N.D. | ||||
| Title | Early management of race-bred weanlings and yearlings on farms | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Journal of Equine Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Equine Vet. Sci. |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 279-283 |
| Keywords | Equine, management, growth, nutrition, marketing | ||||
| Abstract | A total of 58 Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse farms that managed 1,987 weanlings and yearlings responded to a survey designed to better characterize early management of racing prospects. Average age at weaning was 5.5 months and over half of all farms kept almost three-fourths of all weanlings to be placed in pre-race training. Variation in feeding practices was evident and while well over half of all farms provided balanced nutrient supply to young horses, 20% to 40% likely fed unbalanced diets. An obvious preference existed for semi-confinement in young horses with plenty of free exercise. The majority of farms reported that young prospects were fed and managed for a moderate rate of growth. Forced exercise occurred to a much larger extent with yearlings than weanlings and 40% of farms described the footing as soft, but not deep. Response to the prevalence of developmental orthopedic diseases appeared somewhat guarded, and average injury rate was low on farms that attributed much of injury to horses playing too hard. Technological advancements such as photoperiod manipulation in broodmares were widely used, while valuable tools such as body condition scoring were utilized to a lesser extent. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5758 | ||
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| Author | Krueger, K. | ||||
| Title | Perissodactyla Cognition | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-10 | ||
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| Publisher | Springer International Publishing | Place of Publication | Cham | Editor | Vonk, J.; Shackelford, T. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-3-319-47829-6 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Krueger2017 | Serial | 6187 | ||
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| Author | Brinkmann, L.; Gerken, M.; Hambly, C.; Speakman, J.R.; Riek, A. | ||||
| Title | Saving energy during hard times: Energetic adaptations of Shetland pony mares | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | The Journal of Experimental Biology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Exp. Biol. |
| Volume | 217 | Issue | Pages | 4320-4327 | |
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| Abstract | Recent results suggest that wild Northern herbivores reduce their metabolism during times of low ambient temperatures and food shortage in order to reduce their energetic needs. It is however not known if domesticated animals are also able to reduce their energy expenditure. We exposed ten Shetland pony mares to different environmental conditions (summer and winter) and to two food quantities (60 and 100% of maintenance energy requirement, respectively) during low winter temperatures to examine energetic and behavioural responses. In summer ponies showed a considerably higher field metabolic rate (FMR) (63.4±15.0 MJ d-1) compared to restrictively fed and control animals in winter (24.6±7.8 MJ d-1 and 15.0±1.1 MJ d-1, respectively). During summer conditions locomotor activity, resting heart rates and total water turnover were considerably elevated (P<0.001) compared to winter. Restrictively fed animals (N=5) compensated for the decreased energy supply by reducing their FMR by 26% compared to control animals (N=5). Furthermore, resting heart rate, body mass and body condition score were lower (29.2±2.7 beats min-1; 140±22 kg; 3.0±1.0 points) than in control animals (36.8±41 beats min-1; 165 ±31 kg; 4.4±0.7 points; P<0.05). While the observed behaviour did not change, nocturnal hypothermia was elevated. We conclude that ponies acclimatize to different climatic conditions by changing their metabolic rate, behaviour and some physiological parameters. When exposed to energy challenges, ponies, like wild herbivores, exhibited hypometabolism and nocturnal hypothermia. | ||||
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| Notes | 10.1242/jeb.111815 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5836 | ||
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| Author | Bentley-Condit, V.; Smith, E.O. | ||||
| Title | Animal tool use: current definitions and an updated comprehensive catalog | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 147 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 185-32 |
| Keywords | TOOL USE; CATALOG; ANIMAL | ||||
| Abstract | Despite numerous attempts to define animal tool use over the past four decades, the definition remains elusive and the behaviour classification somewhat subjective. Here, we provide a brief review of the definitions of animal tool use and show how those definitions have been modified over time. While some aspects have remained constant (i.e., the distinction between 'true' and 'borderline' tool use), others have been added (i.e., the distinction between 'dynamic' and 'static' behaviours). We present an updated, comprehensive catalog of documented animal tool use that indicates whether the behaviours observed included any 'true' tool use, whether the observations were limited to captive animals, whether tool manufacture has been observed, and whether the observed tool use was limited to only one individual and, thus, 'anecdotal' (i.e., N = 1). Such a catalog has not been attempted since Beck (1980). In addition to being a useful reference for behaviourists, this catalog demonstrates broad tool use and manufacture trends that may be of interest to phylogenists, evolutionary ecologists, and cognitive evolutionists. Tool use and tool manufacture are shown to be widespread across three phyla and seven classes of the animal kingdom. Moreover, there is complete overlap between the Aves and Mammalia orders in terms of the tool use categories (e.g., food extraction, food capture, agonism) arguing against any special abilities of mammals. The majority of tool users, almost 85% of the entries, use tools in only one of the tool use categories. Only members of the Passeriformes and Primates orders have been observed to use tools in four or more of the ten categories. Thus, observed tool use by some members of these two orders (e.g., Corvus, Papio) is qualitatively different from that of all other animal taxa. Finally, although there are similarities between Aves and Mammalia, and Primates and Passeriformes, primate tool use is qualitatively different. Approximately 35% of the entries for this order demonstrate a breadth of tool use (i.e., three or more categories by any one species) compared to other mammals (0%), Aves (2.4%), and the Passeriformes (3.1%). This greater breadth in tool use by some organisms may involve phylogenetic or cognitive differences � or may simply reflect differences in length and intensity of observations. The impact that tool usage may have had on groups' respective ecological niches and, through niche-construction, on their respective evolutionary trajectories remains a subject for future study. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ :/content/journals/10.1163/000579509x12512865686555 | Serial | 5859 | ||
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| Author | Töpfer, D.; Wolter, R.; Krueger, K. | ||||
| Title | Fallstudie zum Platzangebot, Verhalten und Wohlbefinden der Pferde (Equus caballus) in Mehrraum-Außenlaufställen mit Aus-lauf und Bewegungsställen [A case study to space, behavior and well-being of horses (Equus caballus) in open stables and open active stables] | Type | Manuscript | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | KTBL Schriften | Abbreviated Journal | |
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| Abstract | Verhaltensbeobachtungen erfolgten an 112 Pferden in Mehrraum-Außenlaufställen mit Auslauf und Bewegungsställen. Bei vermehrtem Platzangebot sinkt das agonistische Verhalten in Bewegungsställen außerhalb des Fressbereiches. Mit zunehmender Stallgröße (überdachte Fläche und Auslauf) steigt in beiden Haltungsverfahren das affiliative Verhalten während das agonistische Verhalten mit Verletzungsrisiko sinkt. Daher wird für beide Haltungsverfahren ein möglichst großzügiger Stall je Pferd empfohlen. Die beobachteten Erkrankungen der letzten zwölf Monate zeigen vermehrt Hautkrankheiten in den Mehrraum-Außenlaufställen mit Auslauf, wohingegen Hufgeschwüre in Bewegungsställen auftraten. Wird der Fütterungsaspekt in den Bewegungsställen betrachtet, so ist die Transponderfütterung in Kombination mit ad libitum Fütterung aufgrund des deutlich geringeren, agonistischen Verhaltens beim Fressen, der reinen Transponderfütterung vorzuziehen. Mehrraum-Außenlaufställe mit Auslauf haben den Vorteil der synchronen Nahrungsaufnahme. [The behaviour of 112 horses was observed in open stables and open active stables. Horses show less agonistic behaviour outside of the feeding area in open active stables as the space for each horse is augmented. Also the affiliative behaviour increases as a function of more space per horse while agonistic behaviour with a risk for injury decreases. These results are independent from the husbandry system. Due to this fact a stable with a larger area per horse is recommended. Diseases of the last twelve month were recorded and show skin diseases in open stables and abscesses in the hooves in open active stables. To consider the feeding in open active stables it was found that horses which were fed with hay controlled by transponders showed more agonistic behaviour in contrast to horses being fed using transponders but with access to hay ad libitum. Thus transponder feeding in combination with ad libitum feeding is recommended. Open stables have the advantage of synchronized feeding.] |
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| Publisher | KTBL | Place of Publication | Darmstadt | Editor | |
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| Series Editor | Series Title | KTBL Schriften | Abbreviated Series Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5862 | ||
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| Author | Gaunitz, C.; Fages, A.; Hanghøj, K.; Albrechtsen, A.; Khan, N.; Schubert, M.; Seguin-Orlando, A.; Owens, I.J.; Felkel, S.; Bignon-Lau, O.; de Barros Damgaard, P.; Mittnik, A.; Mohaseb, A.F.; Davoudi, H.; Alquraishi, S.; Alfarhan, A.H.; Al-Rasheid, K.A.S.; Crubézy, E.; Benecke, N.; Olsen, S.; Brown, D.; Anthony, D.; Massy, K.; Pitulko, V.; Kasparov, A.; Brem, G.; Hofreiter, M.; Mukhtarova, G.; Baimukhanov, N.; Lõugas, L.; Onar, V.; Stockhammer, P.W.; Krause, J.; Boldgiv, B.; Undrakhbold, S.; Erdenebaatar, D.; Lepetz, S.; Mashkour, M.; Ludwig, A.; Wallner, B.; Merz, V.; Merz, I.; Zaibert, V.; Willerslev, E.; Librado, P.; Outram, A.K.; Orlando, L. | ||||
| Title | Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski's horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 360 | Issue | 6384 | Pages | 111-114 |
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| Abstract | The Eneolithic Botai culture of the Central Asian steppes provides the earliest archaeological evidence for horse husbandry, ~5,500 ya, but the exact nature of early horse domestication remains controversial. We generated 42 ancient horse genomes, including 20 from Botai. Compared to 46 published ancient and modern horse genomes, our data indicate that Przewalski's horses are the feral descendants of horses herded at Botai and not truly wild horses. All domestic horses dated from ~4,000 ya to present only show ~2.7% of Botai-related ancestry. This indicates that a massive genomic turnover underpins the expansion of the horse stock that gave rise to modern domesticates, which coincides with large-scale human population expansions during the Early Bronze Age. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 6212 | ||
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| Author | Guidi, A.; Lanata, A.; Valenza, G.; Scilingo, E.P.; Baragli, P. | ||||
| Title | Validation of smart textile electrodes for electrocardiogram monitoring in free-moving horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research | Abbreviated Journal | J. Vet. Behav. |
| Volume | 17 | Issue | Pages | 19-23 | |
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| Abstract | This article focuses on the validation of smart textile electrodes used to acquire electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in horses in a comfortable and robust manner. The performance of smart textile electrodes is compared with standard Ag/AgCl electrodes in terms of the percentage of motion artifacts (MAs, the noise that results from the movement of electrodes against the skin) and signal quality. Seven healthy Standardbred mares were equipped with 2 identical electronic systems for the simultaneous collection of ECGs. One system was equipped with smart textile electrodes, whereas the second was equipped with standard Ag/AgCl electrodes. Each horse was then monitored individually in a stall for 1 hour, without any movement constraints. The ECGs were visually examined by an expert who blindly labeled the ECG segments that had been corrupted by MAs. Finally, the percentage of MAs (MA%) was computed as the number of samples of the corrupted segments over the whole length of the signal. The total MA% was found to be lower for the smart textiles than for the Ag/AgCl electrodes. Consistent results were also obtained by investigating MAs over time. These results suggest that smart textile electrodes are more reliable when recording artifact-free ECGs in horses at rest. Thus, improving the acquisition of important physiological information related to the activity of the autonomic nervous system, such as heart rate variability, could help to provide reliable information on the mood and state of arousal of horses. | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 1558-7878 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.1016/j.jveb.2016.10.001 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6213 | ||
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| Author | Karenina, K.; Giljov, A.; Ingram, J.; Rowntree, V.J.; Malashichev, Y. | ||||
| Title | Lateralization of mother�infant interactions in a diverse range of mammal species | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Nature Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Nat Ecol Evol |
| Volume | 1 | Issue | Pages | 0030 Ep - | |
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| Abstract | Left-cradling bias is a distinctive feature of maternal behaviour in humans and great apes, but its evolutionary origin remains unknown. In 11 species of marine and terrestrial mammal, we demonstrate consistent patterns of lateralization in mother�infant interactions, indicating right hemisphere dominance for social processing. In providing clear evidence that lateralized positioning is beneficial in mother�infant interactions, our results illustrate a significant impact of lateralization on individual fitness. | ||||
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| Publisher | Nature Publishing Group SN - | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6040 | ||
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| Author | Palme, R.; Touma, C.; Arias,N.; Dominchin, M.F.; Lepschy, M. | ||||
| Title | Steroid extraction: Get the best out of faecal samples | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Veterinary Medicine Austria | Abbreviated Journal | Vet. Med. Austria |
| Volume | 100 | Issue | Pages | 238-246 | |
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| Abstract | Faecal steroid hormone metabolites are becoming increasingly popular as parameters for reproductive functions and stress. Theextraction of the steroids from the faecal matrix represents the initial step before quantification can be performed. The steroid metabolites present in the faecal matrix are of varying polarity and composition, so selection of a proper extraction procedure is essential. There have been some studies to address this complex but often neglected point. Radiolabelled steroids (e.g. cortisol or progesterone) have frequently been added to faecal samples to estimate the efficiency of the extraction procedures used. However, native, unmetabolized steroids are normally not present in the faeces and therefore the results are artificial and do not accurately reflect the actual recoveries of the substances of interest. In this respect, recovery experiments based on faecal samples from radiometabolism studies are more informative. In these samples, the metabolite content accurately reflects the mixture of metabolites present in the given species. As a result, it is possible to evaluate different extraction methods for use with faecal samples. We present studies on sheep, horses, pigs, hares and dogs that utilized samples containing naturally metabolized, 14C-labelled steroids. |
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| Address | Review, faeces, extrac- tion, non-invasive hormone moni- toring, stress, reproduction. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6046 | ||
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