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4Free Video Converter. 4 Free Studio. Copyright© 2000~2015 4Free Video Converter Inc. a Multimedia Utility Company |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ ref53 |
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6494 |
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Gazzola, A.; Avanzinelli, E.; Mauri, L.; Scandura, M.; Apollonio, M. |
| Title |
Temporal changes of howling in south European wolf packs |
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2002 |
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Ital J Zool |
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69 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Gazzola2002 |
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6495 |
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| Author |
Boersma, P.; Weenink, D. |
| Title |
Praat: doing phonetics by computer |
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2009 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Boersma2009 |
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6496 |
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Animal Acoustic Communication: Sound Analysis and Research Methods |
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1998 |
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Springer |
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Berlin |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ ref56 |
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6497 |
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Horses' (Equus Caballus) Laterality, Stress Hormones, and Task Related Behavior in Innovative Problem-Solving |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ ref3 |
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6572 |
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| Author |
McDonnell, S.M. (ed) |
| Title |
The Equid Ethogram: A Practical Field Guide to Horse Behavior |
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Book Whole |
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2003 |
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Eclipse Press |
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Lexington, Kentucky |
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McDonnell, S.M. |
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978-1581500905 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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711 |
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Treichler, F.R.; Van Tilburg, D. |
| Title |
Concurrent Conditional Discrimination Tests of Transitive Inference by Macaque Monkeys: List Linking |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
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Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
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22 |
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1 |
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105-117 |
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| Abstract |
Processing of serial information was assessed by training six macaques on a five-item list of objects arranged into the four conditional pairs, A-B+, B-C+, C-D+, and D-E+. An analogous list (F through J) was similarly trained. Subsequently, both lists were linked by training on E-F+, a pair that provided adjacent elements from each list. Then, all unique and trained object pairs from both lists were presented as a test. Results indicated that the objects were retained as a single, linearly organized list with choice accuracy directly related to interitem distance between paired objects. A second experiment explored the consequences of incidence of conflicting information on list organization. In both experiments, selections depended on representational processes and supported the view that monkeys and pigeons retain serial lists in qualitatively different ways. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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718 |
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Tyler, S.J. |
| Title |
The behaviour and social organisation of the new Forest ponies |
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Journal Article |
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1972 |
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Animal Behaviour Monograph |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. Monogr. |
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5 |
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2 |
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85-196 |
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refbase @ user @; Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 |
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719 |
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| Author |
Cooper, J.J. |
| Title |
Comparative learning theory and its application in the training of horses |
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Journal Article |
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1998 |
Publication |
Equine veterinary journal. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J Suppl |
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27 |
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39-43 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Conditioning (Psychology); Horses/*psychology; *Learning; Reinforcement (Psychology) |
| Abstract |
Training can best be explained as a process that occurs through stimulus-response-reinforcement chains, whereby animals are conditioned to associate cues in their environment, with specific behavioural responses and their rewarding consequences. Research into learning in horses has concentrated on their powers of discrimination and on primary positive reinforcement schedules, where the correct response is paired with a desirable consequence such as food. In contrast, a number of other learning processes that are used in training have been widely studied in other species, but have received little scientific investigation in the horse. These include: negative reinforcement, where performance of the correct response is followed by removal of, or decrease in, intensity of a unpleasant stimulus; punishment, where an incorrect response is paired with an undesirable consequence, but without consistent prior warning; secondary conditioning, where a natural primary reinforcer such as food is closely associated with an arbitrary secondary reinforcer such as vocal praise; and variable or partial conditioning, where once the correct response has been learnt, reinforcement is presented according to an intermittent schedule to increase resistance to extinction outside of training. |
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Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK |
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English |
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| Notes |
PMID:10485003 |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
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846 |
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Pongrácz, P.; Miklósi, Á.; Kubinyi, E.; Gurobi, K.; Topál, J.; Csányi, V. |
| Title |
Social learning in dogs: the effect of a human demonstrator on the performance of dogs in a detour task |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume |
62 |
Issue |
6 |
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1109-1117 |
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| Abstract |
We recorded the behaviour of dogs in detour tests, in which an object (a favourite toy) or food was placed behind a V-shaped fence. Dogs were able to master this task; however, they did it more easily when they started from within the fence with the object placed outside it. Repeated detours starting from within the fence did not help the dogs to obtain the object more quickly if in a subsequent trial they started outside the fence with the object placed inside it. While six trials were not enough for the dogs to show significant improvement on their own in detouring the fence from outside, demonstration of this action by humans significantly improved the dogs' performance within two-three trials. Owners and strangers were equally effective as demonstrators. Our experiments show that dogs are able to rely on information provided by human action when confronted with a new task. While they did not copy the exact path of the human demonstrator, they easily adopted the detour behaviour shown by humans to reach their goal. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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847 |
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