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Author | McGreevy, P.D.; McLean, A.N. | ||||
Title | Punishment in horse-training and the concept of ethical equitation | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Journal of Veterinary Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | J. Vet. Behav. |
Volume | 4 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 193-197 |
Keywords | conditioning; welfare; ethical equitation; horse; punishment; training | ||||
Abstract | By definition, punishment makes a response less likely in the future. Because horses are largely trained by negative reinforcement, they are susceptible to inadvertent punishment. Delays in the release of pressure can make desirable responses less likely and thus punish them. This study examines the correct use of negative reinforcement and identifies a continuum between poorly timed negative reinforcement and punishment. It explores some of the problems of non-contingent punishment and the prospect of learned helplessness and experimental neurosis. It concludes by introducing the concept of ethical equitation. | ||||
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ISSN | 1558-7878 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6599 | ||
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Author | Carlsson, H.-E.; Lyberg, K.; Royo, F.; Hau, J. | ||||
Title | Quantification of stress sensitive markers in single fecal samples do not accurately predict excretion of these in the pig | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2007 | Publication | Research in Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 82 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 423-428 |
Keywords | Cortisol; Immunoglobulin A; Stress; Pigs; Feces; Animal welfare | ||||
Abstract | All feces produced during 24 h were collected from five pigs and cortisol and immunoreactive cortisol metabolites (CICM), and IgA were quantified. Within pigs, the concentrations of CICM and IgA varied extensively between random samples obtained from a single fecal dropping, and deviated in most cases significantly from the true concentration measured in total fecal output (CV 6.7–130%). The CICM and IgA contents varied considerably (CV 8.1–114%) within and between individual fecal droppings from the same pig compared to the total fecal excretion. In conclusion, single random samples could not be used to reliably quantify the total fecal concentration or excretion of CICM or IgA in pigs. Analyses of all feces collected during shorter periods than 24 h did not provide an accurate estimate of the daily excretion of CICM. Thus, the concentration of stress sensitive molecules in random single fecal samples as an indicator of animal welfare should be interpreted with prudence. | ||||
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ISSN | 0034-5288 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5853 | ||
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Author | Henderson, J.V.; Warant, N.K. | ||||
Title | Reducing Equine Stereotypies Using an Equiball | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | Animal Welfare | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Welfare |
Volume | 10 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 73-80 |
Keywords | NIMAL WELFARE; ENRICHMENT; EQUIBALLTRADE; HORSES; STEREOTYPIC BEHAVIOUR | ||||
Abstract | It is believed that environmental enrichment techniques can play an important part in creating suitable captive environments for horses. There has, however, been little scientific investigation into the effectiveness of 'stable-toys' which claim to reduce the performance of equine stereotypies. This study investigated the effect of a foraging device known as 'The Equiball' on equine stereotypies. Six horses were given their evening feed in an Equiball, and the occurence of stereotypic behaviour recorded using scan sampling of video observations. Pre-enrichment, horses spent a mean(SD) of 5.27 ? 8.17 per cent of their time in the stable performing stereotypies; and significant individual variation in mean time performing stereotypic behaviour was found (P < 0.05). Several peaks in stereotypy over the day were found, the two main ones corresponding to the times before feeding. A reduction in stereotypic behaviour in five horses, and a small increase in stereotypic behaviour in one horse was observed during enrichment. During enrichment, there was an overall trend for stereotypic behaviour to decrease (P < 0.1). When used in conjunction with other measures such as behaviour therapy, companionship, increased exercise, and so on, the Equiball may help to create an environment less likely to lead to the development of stereotypic behaviours. | ||||
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Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 2011 | ||
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Author | Burn, C.C.; Dennison, T.L.; Whay, H.R. | ||||
Title | Relationships between behaviour and health in working horses, donkeys, and mules in developing countries | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
Volume | 126 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 109–118 |
Keywords | Animal welfare; Developing countries; Equine; Human-animal relationships; Inactivity; Sickness behaviour | ||||
Abstract | Recent studies raise serious welfare concerns regarding the estimated 93.6 million horses, donkeys and mules in developing countries. Most equids are used for work in poor communities, and are commonly afflicted with wounds, poor body condition, respiratory diseases, parasites, dental problems, and lameness. Non-physical welfare problems, such as fear of humans, are also of concern. Interventions to improve working equine welfare aim to prioritise the conditions that cause the most severe impositions on the animals' subjectively experienced welfare, but data identifying which conditions these may be, are lacking. Here we describe a stage in the validation of behavioural welfare indicators that form part of a working equine welfare assessment protocol. Over 4 years, behavioural and physical data were collected from 5481 donkeys, 4504 horses, and 858 mules across nine developing countries. Behaviours included the animals' general alertness, and their responses to four human-interaction tests, using the unfamiliar observer as the human stimulus. Avoidance behaviours correlated significantly with each other across the human-interaction tests, with 21% of animals avoiding the observer, but they showed no associations with likely anthropogenic injuries. Over 13% of equids appeared [`]apathetic': lethargic rather than alert. Measures of unresponsiveness correlated with each other across the five tests, and were associated with poor body condition, abnormal mucous membrane colour, faecal soiling, eye abnormalities, more severe wounds, and older age, depending on the equine species. This suggests that working equids in poor physical health show an unresponsive behavioural profile, consistent with sickness behaviour, exhaustion, chronic pain, or depression-like states. | ||||
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ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5158 | ||
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Author | Skandakumar, S.; Stodulski, G.; Hau, J. | ||||
Title | Salivary IgA: a Possible Stress Marker In Dogs | Type | Abstract | ||
Year | 1995 | Publication | Animal Welfare | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 4 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 339-350 |
Keywords | Animal Welfare; Behaviour; Cortisol; Dog; Salivary Iga (S-Iga); Stress; Well-Being | ||||
Abstract | Stress in humans has been reported to be associated with a decrease in the salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) levels enabling the possible use of s-IgA to assess stress. Prolonged stress, if reliably assessed in a non-invasive manner, may be used to assess animal welfare. This study analysed groups of dogs undergoing physical and temperamental training and s-IgA levels were measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis in prospective samples. Behavioural assessment was carried out and cortisol levels in saliva were measured by ELISA. A significant negative correlation (P < 0.007) between the logarithmic cortisol concentrations and s-IgA levels in saliva was recorded. The behavioural assessment of the dogs agreed well with the biochemical markers. It is concluded that IgA levels in saliva may be a useful marker of dog well-being and that stress results in decreased s-IgA levels. | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5964 | ||
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Author | Morton, D.B. | ||||
Title | Self-consciousness and animal suffering | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2000 | Publication | Biologist (London, England) | Abbreviated Journal | Biologist (London) |
Volume | 47 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 77-80 |
Keywords | Animal Population Groups/*psychology; Animal Welfare/*standards; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Consciousness; Dogs; *Ego; Horses/psychology; Pain/psychology/*veterinary; Pan troglodytes/psychology; Parrots; Pongo pygmaeus/psychology; Self Concept | ||||
Abstract | Animals with relatively highly developed brains are likely to experience some degree of self-awareness and the ability to think. As well as being interesting in its own right, self-consciousness matters from an ethical point of view, since it can give rise to forms of suffering above and beyond the immediate physical sensations of pain or distress. This article surveys the evidence for animal self-consciousness and its implications for animal welfare. | ||||
Address | Division of Primary Care, Public and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. d.b.morton@bham.ac.uk | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0006-3347 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:11190233 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 618 | ||
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Author | Sigurjónsdóttir, H.; Haraldsson, H. | ||||
Title | Significance of Group Composition for the Welfare of Pastured Horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | Animals |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 14 | Pages | |
Keywords | horse welfare; aggression; allogrooming; pastured horses; Icelandic horse | ||||
Abstract | We explore how herd composition and management factors correlate with frequencies of social interactions in horse groups. Since the welfare of horses correlates with low aggression levels and social contact opportunities, information of this kind is important. The data are a collection of records of social interactions of 426 Icelandic horses in 20 groups of at least eight horses. The complexities and limitations of the data prohibit useful statistical modelling so the results are presented descriptively. Interesting and informative patterns emerge which can be of use both in management and in future studies. Of special interest are the low levels of agonistic behaviours in breeding groups where one stallion was present. The horses were less agonistic when in groups with young foals and where group membership was stable. Unfamiliar yearlings in peer groups were especially aggressive. Allogrooming was most frequent in groups with relatively more young horses and in unstable and small groups. Interestingly, the horses allogroomed more if they had few preferred allogrooming partners. The findings show that composition (age/sex) and stability of groups are of great importance with respect to aggression levels and opportunities for establishing bonds. | ||||
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Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | Animals | ||
Series Volume | 9 | Series Issue | 1 | Edition | |
ISSN | 2076-2615 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6510 | ||
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Author | Sigurjónsdóttir, H.; Haraldsson, H. | ||||
Title | Significance of Group Composition for the Welfare of Pastured Horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Animals | Abbreviated Journal | Animals |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 14 |
Keywords | horse welfare; aggression; allogrooming; pastured horses; Icelandic horse | ||||
Abstract | Simple Summary Because of their social nature, horses need to have plenty of opportunities to interact with others to establish bonds and learn from their elders. Comparison of social behaviour of 426 horses in 20 groups of Icelandic horses in pastures, showed that aggression was lowest where the group composition was like the natural system, i.e., with a stallion, mares and their young foals. In groups without a stallion, the presence of foals is also associated with low aggression. Stability of the group with respect to group composition is of great importance; the horses are less aggressive in the more stable groups. The highest aggression was found in groups of unfamiliar yearlings. The horses allogroomed more in groups with relatively more young horses, which suggests they are forming bonds. Later, they groom less but prefer certain individuals. Horse owners should all be aware of the importance of planning the composition of horse groups and to keep the membership as stable as possible in order to ensure good welfare. Abstract We explore how herd composition and management factors correlate with frequencies of social interactions in horse groups. Since the welfare of horses correlates with low aggression levels and social contact opportunities, information of this kind is important. The data are a collection of records of social interactions of 426 Icelandic horses in 20 groups of at least eight horses. The complexities and limitations of the data prohibit useful statistical modelling so the results are presented descriptively. Interesting and informative patterns emerge which can be of use both in management and in future studies. Of special interest are the low levels of agonistic behaviours in breeding groups where one stallion was present. The horses were less agonistic when in groups with young foals and where group membership was stable. Unfamiliar yearlings in peer groups were especially aggressive. Allogrooming was most frequent in groups with relatively more young horses and in unstable and small groups. Interestingly, the horses allogroomed more if they had few preferred allogrooming partners. The findings show that composition (age/sex) and stability of groups are of great importance with respect to aggression levels and opportunities for establishing bonds. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6585 | ||
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Author | Siniscalchi, M.; Sasso, R.; Pepe, A.M.; Dimatteo, S.; Vallortigara, G.; Quaranta, A. | ||||
Title | Sniffing with the right nostril: lateralization of response to odour stimuli by dogs | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. | |
Volume | In Press, Corrected Proof | Issue | Pages | ||
Keywords | animal welfare; Canis familiaris; dog; emotion; laterality olfaction; physiology | ||||
Abstract | Lateralization in dogs, Canis familiaris, has been reported for paw usage and response to visual and acoustic stimuli. Surprisingly, however, no investigation of possible lateralization for the most relevant sensory domain of dogs, namely olfaction, has been carried out. Here we investigated left and right nostril use in dogs freely sniffing different emotive stimuli in unrestrained conditions. When sniffing novel nonaversive stimuli (food, lemon, vaginal secretion and cotton swab odours), dogs showed initial preferential use of the right nostril and then a shift towards use of the left nostril with repeated stimulus presentation. When sniffing arousal stimuli such as adrenaline and veterinary sweat odorants, dogs showed a consistent right nostril bias all over the series of stimulus presentations. Results suggest initial involvement of the right hemisphere in processing of novel stimuli followed by the left hemisphere taking charge of control of routine behaviour. Sustained right nostril response to arousal stimuli appears to be consistent with the idea that the sympathetic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is mainly under the control of the right hemisphere. The implications of these findings for animal welfare are discussed. | ||||
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ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5394 | ||
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Author | Menke, C.; Waiblinger, S.; Fölsch, D.W.; Wiepkema, P.R. | ||||
Title | Social Behaviour and Injuries of Horned Cows in Loose Housing Systems | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Animal Welfare | Abbreviated Journal | Anim Welfare |
Volume | 8 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 243-258 |
Keywords | ANIMAL WELFARE; HORNED DAIRY COWS; HUMAN-ANIMAL RELATIONSHIP; INJURIES; LOOSE HOUSING; MANAGEMENT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR | ||||
Abstract | The relationship between social behaviour and skin injuries (caused by horns) of loose housed horned cows was investigated on 35 dairy farms. While the frequencies of two agonistic behaviour elements (push and chase away) were positively correlated with the occurrence of skin injuries, the frequencies of butting and homing were not. Butting appears to have an ambivalent motivation, in that its occurrence is correlated positively both with agonistic behaviour and with social licking. Horning showed a positive correlation with social licking only. Four groups of husbandry conditions that may be associated with the occurrence of social behaviour and of injuries were distinguished: i) herd management, with variables including problem solving management by the farmer, integration of new cows, and dealing with periparturient and oestrus cows; ii) human-animal relationship, with variables including ability to identify individual cows, frequency of brushing the cows, number of milkers, and frequency of personnel changes; iii) animal characteristics, with the variable of herd size; and iv) stable characteristics, with the variable of space per cow (m2). The relevance of the husbandry variables investigated here had been confirmed in a previous stepwise regression analysis (Menke 1996). The variables for herd management and human-animal relationship conditions correlated in a consistent way with the occurrence of agonistic behaviour and/or of injuries, while most of them also correlated in the opposite direction with the occurrence of social licking. Herd size correlated positively with agonistic behaviour, but negatively with social licking. Space per cow correlated negatively with agonistic behaviour and injuries. In more than 70 per cent of the herds investigated, the levels of agonistic behaviour and of skin injuries were low, implying that horned dairy cows can be kept with less risk than is often assumed. We argue that such risks strongly depend on management factors that can be improved. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5110 | ||
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