Records |
Author |
Alexander, F. |
Title |
The effect of diuretics on the faecal excretion of water and electrolytes in horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1977 |
Publication |
British journal of pharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Br J Pharmacol |
Volume |
60 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
589-593 |
Keywords |
Animals; Body Water/*metabolism; Chlorides/metabolism; Electrolytes/*metabolism; Feces/*analysis; Furosemide/*pharmacology; Horses; Hydrochlorothiazide/*pharmacology; Male; Potassium/metabolism; Sodium/metabolism; Time Factors |
Abstract |
1. The effect on plasma, urinary and faecal electrolytes of frusemide and hydrochlorthiazide was measured in ponies, mean weight 180 kg. 2. The rapid loss in urine of large quantities of sodium had only a small effect on plasma sodium concentration. 3. Faecal sodium excretion was increased substantially after the administration of frusemide. 4. Frusemide increased faecal potassium during the 48 h following administration and faecal water in the 24/48 h period. It also produced a hypopotassaemia. 5. Hydrochlorthiazide increased faecal chloride during the 24 h after administration. 6. Frusemide increased the intestinal transit time of both liquid (polyethylene glycol) and particulate (Cr2O3) markers. |
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ISSN |
0007-1188 |
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PMID:907872 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
111 |
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Author |
Alexander, F.; Nicholson, J.D. |
Title |
The blood and saliva clearances of phenobarbitone and pentobarbitone in the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1968 |
Publication |
Biochemical pharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biochem Pharmacol |
Volume |
17 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
203-210 |
Keywords |
Animals; Female; *Horses; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Pentobarbital/blood/*metabolism; Phenobarbital/blood/*metabolism; Protein Binding; *Saliva; Time Factors |
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ISSN |
0006-2952 |
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Notes |
PMID:5647047 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
117 |
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Author |
Barrey, E.; Galloux, P. |
Title |
Analysis of the equine jumping technique by accelerometry |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J Suppl |
Volume |
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Issue |
23 |
Pages |
45-49 |
Keywords |
*Acceleration; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Forelimb/physiology; Hindlimb/physiology; Horses/*physiology; Locomotion/*physiology; Movement/physiology; Time Factors |
Abstract |
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the relationships between jumping technique and dorsoventral acceleration measured at the sternum. Eight saddle horses of various jumping abilities competed on a selective experimental show jumping course including 14 obstacles. An accelerometric belt fastened onto the thorax continuously measured the dorsoventral acceleration during the course. At each jump, 11 locomotor parameters (acceleration peaks, durations and stride frequency) were obtained from the dorsoventral acceleration-time curves. The type of obstacle significantly influenced the hindlimb acceleration peak at take-off and the landing acceleration peak (P<0.01). The poor jumpers exhibited a higher mean forelimb acceleration peak at take-off, a higher forelimb/hindlimb ratio between peaks of acceleration (F/H), and a lower approach stride frequency than good jumpers. Knocking over an obstacle was significantly associated with a low hindlimb acceleration peak at take-off and a high F/H ratio (P<0.01). In order to observe the continuous changes in the frequency domain of the dorsoventral acceleration during the approach and take-off phase, a Morlet's wavelet analysis was computed for each horse jumping over a series of 3 vertical obstacles. Different patterns of time-frequency images obtained by wavelet analysis were found when the horse either knocked over a vertical obstacle or cleared it. In the latter case, the image pattern showed an instantaneous increase in stride frequency at the end of the approach phase, and a marked energy content in the middle frequency range at take-off. |
Address |
INRA Station de Genetique Quantitative et Appliquee, Groupe cheval, Jouy-en-Josas, France |
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PMID:9354288 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3796 |
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Author |
Bayley, P.; Martin, S.; Anson, M. |
Title |
Temperature-jump circular dichroism: observation of chiroptical relaxation processes at millisecond time resolution |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biochem Biophys Res Commun |
Volume |
66 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
303-308 |
Keywords |
*Alcohol Oxidoreductases/metabolism; Animals; Circular Dichroism; Horses; Kinetics; Liver/enzymology; Mathematics; Protein Conformation; Temperature; Time Factors |
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English |
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ISSN |
0006-291X |
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Notes |
PMID:1172440 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3816 |
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Author |
Bell, R.J.W.; Kingston, J.K.; Mogg, T.D.; Perkins, N.R. |
Title |
The prevalence of gastric ulceration in racehorses in New Zealand |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
New Zealand Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
N Z Vet J |
Volume |
55 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
13-18 |
Keywords |
Age Factors; *Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry/methods; Animals; Female; Horse Diseases/*epidemiology/pathology/prevention & control; Horses; Male; New Zealand/epidemiology; Physical Conditioning, Animal/*adverse effects/physiology; Poaceae; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Stomach Ulcer/epidemiology/pathology/prevention & control/*veterinary; Time Factors |
Abstract |
AIM: To establish the prevalence and factors influencing the prevalence and severity of gastric ulceration in racehorses in New Zealand. METHODS: Horses (n=171) in active training for racing by trainers (n=24) located throughout New Zealand were examined using gastroscopy during 2003 and 2004. Images of the examination were recorded and reviewed, and an ordinal grade based on the severity of gastric ulceration present was assigned, using the grading system proposed by the Equine Gastric Ulcer Council (EGUC). Information about the horses such as age, breed, sex, stabling, time at pasture, pasture quality, and presence of clinical signs consistent with equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) was recorded. RESULTS: Of the 171 horses in the study, 133 (78%) were Thoroughbreds and 38 (22%) were Standardbreds. Evidence of gastric ulceration was present in 151 (88.3%) of these. Prevalence of ulceration was higher at the lesser curvature (LC) and greater curvature (GC) of the stomach than at the saccus caecus (SC; p<0.01), and ulceration was more severe at the LC than at either the GC (p=0.02) or the SC (p<0.001). The prevalence of ulceration did not differ between the two breeds (p=0.51) or between horses of differing ages (p=0.56). Gastric ulceration was evident in 125/141 (89%) horses kept at pasture for at least 4 h/day, in all 13 (100%) horses kept at pasture full time, and in 16/17 (94%) horses stabled full time. Prevalence and severity of ulceration did not differ between horses stabled full time, kept at pasture for part of the day or kept at pasture full time (p=0.33 and 0.13, respectively), and for horses grazed on pasture severity of ulceration did not vary significantly with the quality of the pasture (p=0.12). Neither prevalence (p=0.26) nor severity (p=0.49) of gastric ulceration varied significantly with duration of training. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of gastric ulceration in racehorses in New Zealand is similar to that reported elsewhere for horses in active training for racing. Access to pasture for some or all of the day did not appear to be protective. |
Address |
Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand. robinjw@gmail.com |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0048-0169 |
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Notes |
PMID:17339911 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4020 |
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Author |
Beran, M.J. |
Title |
Long-term retention of the differential values of Arabic numerals by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
Volume |
7 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
86-92 |
Keywords |
Animals; Cognition; Female; Language; Longitudinal Studies; Male; *Mathematics; *Mental Recall; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; *Retention (Psychology); *Semantics; Time Factors |
Abstract |
As previously reported (Beran and Rumbaugh, 2001), two chimpanzees used a joystick to collect dots, one-at-a-time, on a computer monitor, and then ended a trial when the number of dots collected was equal to the Arabic numeral presented for the trial. Here, the chimpanzees were presented with the task again after an interval of 6 months and then again after an additional interval of 3.25 years. During each interval, the chimpanzees were not presented with the task, and this allowed an assessment of the extent to which both animals retained the values of each Arabic numeral. Despite lower performance at each retention interval compared to the original study, both chimpanzees performed above chance levels in collecting a quantity of dots equal to the target numeral, one chimpanzee for the numerals 1-7, and the second chimpanzee for the numerals 1-6. For the 3.25-year retention, errors were more dispersed around each target numeral than in the original study, but the chimpanzees' performances again appeared to be based on a continuous representation of magnitude rather than a discrete representation of number. These data provide an experimental demonstration of long-term retention of the differential values of Arabic numerals by chimpanzees. |
Address |
Language Research Center, Georgia State University, 3401 Panthersville Road, Decatur, GA 30034, USA. mjberan@yahoo.com |
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ISSN |
1435-9448 |
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Notes |
PMID:15069607 |
Approved |
no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2533 |
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Author |
Bergmann, H.H.; Klaus, S.; Muller, F.; Wiesner, J. |
Title |
[Individuality and type specificity in the songs of a population of hazel grouse (Bonasa bonasia bonasia L., Tetraoninae, Phasianidae)] |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
Volume |
55 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
94-114 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Birds; Female; *Individuality; Male; Time Factors; *Vocalization, Animal |
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German |
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Original Title |
Individualitat und Artspezifitat in den Gesangsstrophen einer Population des Haselhuhns (Bonasa bonasia bonasia L., Tetraoninae, Phasianidae) |
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ISSN |
0005-7959 |
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Notes |
PMID:1191217 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4152 |
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Author |
Bobbert, M.F.; Santamaria, S. |
Title |
Contribution of the forelimbs and hindlimbs of the horse to mechanical energy changes in jumping |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
The Journal of Experimental Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Biol |
Volume |
208 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
249-260 |
Keywords |
Animals; Biomechanics; Forelimb/*physiology; Hindlimb/*physiology; Horses/*physiology; Locomotion/*physiology; Muscle, Skeletal/*physiology; Time Factors |
Abstract |
The purpose of the present study was to gain more insight into the contribution of the forelimbs and hindlimbs of the horse to energy changes during the push-off for a jump. For this purpose, we collected kinematic data at 240 Hz from 23 5-year-old Warmbloods (average mass: 595 kg) performing free jumps over a 1.15 m high fence. From these data, we calculated the changes in mechanical energy and the changes in limb length and joint angles. The force carried by the forelimbs and the amount of energy stored was estimated from the distance between elbow and hoof, assuming that this part of the leg behaved as a linear spring. During the forelimb push, the total energy first decreased by 3.2 J kg(-1) and then increased again by 4.2 J kg(-1) to the end of the forelimb push. At the end of the forelimb push, the kinetic energy due to horizontal velocity of the centre of mass was 1.6 J kg(-1) less than at the start, while the effective energy (energy contributing to jump height) was 2.3 J kg(-1) greater. It was investigated to what extent these changes could involve passive spring-like behaviour of the forelimbs. The amount of energy stored and re-utilized in the distal tendons during the forelimb push was estimated to be on average 0.4 J kg(-1) in the trailing forelimb and 0.23 J kg(-1) in the leading forelimb. This means that a considerable amount of energy was first dissipated and subsequently regenerated by muscles, with triceps brachii probably being the most important contributor. During the hindlimb push, the muscles of the leg were primarily producing energy. The total increase in energy was 2.5 J kg(-1) and the peak power output amounted to 71 W kg(-1). |
Address |
Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, van der Boechorstraat 9, NL-1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands. MFBobbert@fbw.vu.nl |
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ISSN |
0022-0949 |
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PMID:15634844 |
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no |
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Serial |
1895 |
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Author |
Boissevain, I. |
Title |
[Animal and human rights in installments] |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Tijdschrift Voor Diergeneeskunde |
Abbreviated Journal |
Tijdschr Diergeneeskd |
Volume |
132 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
132 |
Keywords |
Animals; Clinical Competence/*standards; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis; Horses; Humans; Netherlands; Time Factors; Veterinary Medicine/*methods/*standards |
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Dutch |
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Original Title |
Dierenrechten en mensenrechten in termijnen |
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ISSN |
0040-7453 |
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PMID:17366876 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4018 |
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Author |
Bottoms, G.D.; Roesel, O.F.; Rausch, F.D.; Akins, E.L. |
Title |
Circadian variation in plasma cortisol and corticosterone in pigs and mares |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1972 |
Publication |
American Journal of Veterinary Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
Volume |
33 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
785-790 |
Keywords |
Animals; *Circadian Rhythm; Corticosterone/*blood; Female; Horses/*metabolism; Hydrocortisone/*blood; Methods; Swine/*metabolism; Time Factors |
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0002-9645 |
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PMID:5017871 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4074 |
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