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Author Balakrishnan, G.; Hu, Y.; Spiro, T.G. doi  openurl
  Title Temperature-jump apparatus with Raman detection based on a solid-state tunable (1.80-2.05 microm) kHz optical parametric oscillator laser Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Applied Spectroscopy Abbreviated Journal Appl Spectrosc  
  Volume (down) 60 Issue 4 Pages 347-351  
  Keywords Animals; Cytochromes c/analysis; Horses; Lasers; Myoglobin/metabolism; Spectrum Analysis, Raman/*instrumentation/*methods; *Temperature  
  Abstract The operating characteristics of a pulsed (10 ns) tunable near-infrared (NIR) laser source are described for temperature-jump (T-jump) applications. A Q-switched Nd:YLF laser (approximately 10 ns pulses) with a 1 kHz repetition rate is used to pump a potassium titanyl arsenate (KTA) crystal-based optical parametric oscillator (OPO), producing approximately 1 mJ NIR pulses that are tunable (1.80-2.05 microm) across the 1.9 microm vibrational overtone band of water. This T-jump source has been coupled to a deep ultraviolet (UV) probe laser for Raman studies of protein dynamics. T-jumps of up to 30 degrees C, as measured via the O-H stretching Raman band of water, are readily achieved. Application to cytochrome c unfolding is demonstrated.  
  Address Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-7028 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:16613628 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3764  
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Author Duncan, I.J.H.; Widowski, T.M.; Malleau, A.E.; Lindberg, A.C.; Petherick, J.C. url  doi
openurl 
  Title External factors and causation of dustbathing in domestic hens Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume (down) 43 Issue 2 Pages 219-228  
  Keywords Dustbathing; Illumination; Laying hens; Radiant heat; Social facilitation; Temperature  
  Abstract Dustbathing is known to be motivated by complex interactions between internal factors which build up over time and external factors, such as the sight of a dusty substrate. In this study, the effects of other external factors were investigated. Environmental temperature was shown to be important; frequencies of dustbathing were greater when hens were held at 22 than at 10[degree sign]C (P<0.01). In a second experiment, a radiant heat source or a radiant heat+light source, balanced to give the same radiant heat, resulted in more dustbathing behaviour during a 1-h stimulus period than during the same period with no stimulus (P<0.05). Components of dustbathing were increased more by the heat+light stimulus than by the heat stimulus alone (P<0.03). In a third experiment, the amount of dustbathing performed by individual hens in cages with dustbaths was increased by the presence of a group of hens dustbathing in an adjoining pen with a dustbath compared with the amount occurring when the hens were absent from the pen.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
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  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3607  
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Author Pritchard, J.C.; Barr, A.R.S.; Whay, H.R. openurl 
  Title Validity of a behavioural measure of heat stress and a skin tent test for dehydration in working horses and donkeys Type
  Year 2006 Publication Equine veterinary journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J  
  Volume (down) 38 Issue 5 Pages 433-438  
  Keywords Age Factors; Animal Welfare; Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Body Temperature/*physiology; Body Weight/physiology; Case-Control Studies; Dehydration/diagnosis/pathology/*veterinary; Drinking; *Equidae; Female; Heat Stress Disorders/diagnosis/physiopathology/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/*diagnosis/pathology; Horses; Hypovolemia/diagnosis/physiopathology/veterinary; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Pakistan; Respiration; Skin/*pathology; Species Specificity; Work  
  Abstract REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Dehydration and heat stress are serious welfare issues for equids working in developing countries. There is a lack of any standardised method or validated interpretation of the skin tent test in horses and donkeys. Owners of dehydrated and heat-stressed animals often depend on veterinary examination for identification of these conditions, leading to delays in treatment and unnecessary reliance on external sources to effect welfare improvement. OBJECTIVES: To validate a standardised skin tent test for dehydration and a behavioural measure of heat stress in working equids; and to examine the effect of heat stress and dehydration on tripping and staggering behaviour. METHODS: The study was carried out on 130 working horses and donkeys in Pakistan. Associations between skin tent and blood parameters (packed cell volume [PCV], serum total protein [TP], serum osmolality), clinical parameters, resting and drinking behaviour were examined. Heat stress behaviour (increased respiratory rate and depth, head nodding, flared nostrils, apathy) was observed in conjunction with rectal temperature. Tripping and staggering were assessed using a simple obstacle course. RESULTS: In both species, heat stress behaviour was significantly associated with increased rectal temperature (P<0.001). A positive skin tent test was not significantly associated with PCV or TP, although in donkeys it was significantly associated with lower serum osmolality (P<0.001). More animals age >15 years had a positive skin tent than those in younger age groups (P = 0.037). Very thin horses were more likely to have a positive skin tent than those in thin or moderate condition (P = 0.028). There was no significant correlation between skin tent and tripping or staggering in either species. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Heat stress behaviour is related to increased body temperature in working horses and donkeys. Owners may use this to make judgements regarding rest and cooling, precluding the need to seek veterinary attention. The skin tent test for dehydration used in this study did not show a significant relationship with PCV or TP. However, the use of blood parameters to validate the skin tent test may be confounded by anaemia, hypoproteinaemia or electrolyte depletion. Alternative methods are needed to confirm or refute the validity of the skin tent test in working equids.  
  Address Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford, UK  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:16986604 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 1784  
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Author Morgan, K.; Funkquist, P.; Nyman, G. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The effect of coat clipping on thermoregulation during intense exercise in trotters Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Equine Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Veterinary Journal  
  Volume (down) 34 Issue S34 Pages 564-567  
  Keywords horse; thermoregulation; heat loss; recovery; blood temperature; oxygen uptake  
  Abstract Summary The aim of this study was to study the physiological, especially thermoregulatory, responses during intense exercise in the clipped horse compared to the horse with winter coat. Six Standardbred trotters were studied before and after clipping. They performed an inclined incremental high intensity treadmill exercise test and were monitored during recovery. The clipped horse differed significantly (ANOVA) during exercise as compare to coated: less increase in central venous blood temperature, higher skin surface temperature, greater difference skin to ambient temperature and higher rate of nonevaporative heat loss. The clipped horse had significantly lower total cutaneous evaporative heat loss from walk to end of peak exercise and a shorter time for recovery for the respiratory rate using a paired t test. The clipped horse showed a tendency (P = 0.059) to decreased oxygen uptake during the stepwise increase in workload. We concluded that the clipped horse experienced less strain on the thermoregulatory system due to an enhanced heat loss. Some clipped horses in the study showed a more efficient power output; future studies with emphasis on respiration and oxygen demand are needed to explain this.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Medical Association (AMA) Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05484.x Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6614  
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Author Marlin, D.J.; Schroter, R.C.; White, S.L.; Maykuth, P.; Matthesen, G.; Mills, P.C.; Waran, N.; Harris, P. openurl 
  Title Recovery from transport and acclimatisation of competition horses in a hot humid environment Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Equine Veterinary Journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J  
  Volume (down) 33 Issue 4 Pages 371-379  
  Keywords Acclimatization/*physiology; Animals; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Breeding; Feeding Behavior; Female; Heart Rate; Heat; Heat Stroke/prevention & control/veterinary; Horse Diseases/prevention & control; Horses/*physiology; Humidity; Male; Respiration; Sports; *Transportation; Tropical Climate  
  Abstract The aims of the present field-based study were to investigate changes in fit horses undergoing acclimatisation to a hot humid environment and to provide data on which to base recommendations for safe transport and acclimatisation. Six horses (age 7-12 years) were flown from Europe to Atlanta and underwent a 16 day period of acclimatisation. Exercise conditions during acclimatisation (wet bulb globe temperature index 27.6+/-0.0 [mean +/- s.e.]) were more thermally stressful compared with the European climate from which the horses had come (22.0+/-1.8, P<0.001). Following the flight, weight loss was 4.1+/-0.8% bodyweight and took around 7 days to recover. Water intake during the day was significantly increased (P<0.05) compared with night during acclimatisation. Daily mean exercise duration was 72+/-12 min and the majority of work was performed with a heart rate below 120 beats/min. Respiratory rate (fR) was increased (P<0.05) throughout acclimatisation compared with in Europe, but resting morning (AM) and evening (PM) rectal temperature (TREC), heart rate (fC) and plasma volume were unchanged. White blood cell (WBC) count was significantly increased at AM compared with in Europe on Days 4 and 10 of acclimatisation (P<0.01), but was not different by Day 16. In conclusion, horses exposed to hot humid environmental conditions without prior acclimatisation are able to accommodate these stresses and, with appropriate management, remain fit and clinically healthy, without significant risk of heat illness or heat-related disorders, provided they are allowed sufficient time to recover from transport, acclimatisation is undertaken gradually and they are monitored appropriately.  
  Address Centre for Equine Studies, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:11469770 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 1917  
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Author Hrdy, S.B. openurl 
  Title Male-male competition and infanticide among the langurs (Presbytis entellus) of Abu, Rajasthan Type Journal Article
  Year 1974 Publication Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology Abbreviated Journal Folia Primatol (Basel)  
  Volume (down) 22 Issue 1 Pages 19-58  
  Keywords Aggression; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Coitus; *Competitive Behavior; Estrus; Feeding Behavior; Female; *Haplorhini; Homing Behavior; Humans; India; Infanticide; Leadership; Male; Maternal Behavior; Population Density; Pregnancy; Rain; Seasons; Sex Factors; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Behavior; Temperature; Vocalization, Animal  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0015-5713 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:4215710 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2051  
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Author Miksovska, J.; Larsen, R.W. openurl 
  Title Photothermal studies of pH induced unfolding of apomyoglobin Type Journal Article
  Year 2003 Publication Journal of Protein Chemistry Abbreviated Journal J Protein Chem  
  Volume (down) 22 Issue 4 Pages 387-394  
  Keywords Acoustics; Animals; Apoproteins/*chemistry/metabolism; Circular Dichroism; Horses; Myocardium/chemistry; Myoglobin/*chemistry/metabolism; Photolysis; Protein Conformation/radiation effects; Protein Denaturation/radiation effects; *Protein Folding; Temperature; Thermodynamics  
  Abstract Conformational dynamic and enthalpy changes associated with pH induced unfolding of apomyoglobin were studied using photoacoustic calorimetry and photothermal beam deflection methods. The transition between the native state and the I intermediate was induced by a nanosecond pH jump from o-nitrobenzaldehyde photolysis. Deconvolution of photoacoustic waves indicates two kinetic processes. The fast phase (T < 50 ns) is characterized by a volume expansion of 8.8 ml mol(-1). This process is followed by a volume contraction of about -22 ml mol(-1) (tau approximately 500 ns). Photothermal beam deflection measurements do not reveal any volume changes on the time scale between approximately 100 micros and 5 ms. We associate the volume contraction with structural changes occurring during the transition between the native state and the I intermediate. The lack of any processes on the ms time scale may indicate the absence of structural events involving larger conformational changes of apomyoglobin after the pH jump.  
  Address Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0277-8033 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:13678303 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3780  
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Author Shaw, E.B.; Houpt, K.A.; Holmes, D.F. openurl 
  Title Body temperature and behaviour of mares during the last two weeks of pregnancy Type Journal Article
  Year 1988 Publication Equine veterinary journal Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J  
  Volume (down) 20 Issue 3 Pages 199-202  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Body Temperature; Circadian Rhythm; Eating; Female; Horses/*physiology; Labor, Obstetric/*physiology; Motor Activity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal/*physiology  
  Abstract Average daily core body temperature and behavioural patterns of pregnant mares were studied, in search of definitive signs of parturition within 24 h of the event. Nineteen pony mares were sampled twice daily for core body temperature. A significant temperature drop, averaging 0.1 degrees C (0.2 degrees F) was observed during the day prior to parturition. Between 18.00 h and 06.00 h, during the two weeks before parturition, Thoroughbred and Standardbred mares (n = 52) spent an average 66.8 per cent of their time standing, 27.0 per cent eating, 4.9 per cent lying in sternal recumbency, 1.0 per cent lying in lateral recumbency, and 0.3 per cent walking. On the night before parturition, mares spent significantly less time lying in sternal recumbency than on previous nights and on the night of parturition all behaviour patterns except eating were significantly different from the nights of the two weeks before parturition. There was an increase in walking (5.3 per cent), lying in sternal recumbency (8 per cent) and lying in lateral recumbency (5.3 per cent) whereas standing (53.3 per cent) was decreased. In 58 observed pregnancies, 54 mares (97 per cent) foaled in a recumbent position and 50 mares (86 per cent) foaled between 18.00 h and 06.00 h.  
  Address Department of Physiology, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0425-1644 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3402416 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 46  
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Author Hughes, K.L.; Sulaiman, I. openurl 
  Title The ecology of Rhodococcus equi and physicochemical influences on growth Type Journal Article
  Year 1987 Publication Veterinary Microbiology Abbreviated Journal Vet Microbiol  
  Volume (down) 14 Issue 3 Pages 241-250  
  Keywords Animals; Feces/microbiology; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Rhodococcus/*growth & development; *Soil Microbiology; Temperature  
  Abstract Growth of Rhodococcus equi was studied in vitro. Optimal growth occurred under aerobic conditions between pH 7.0 and 8.5, at 30 degrees C. R. equi survived better in a neutral soil (pH 7.3) than it did in two acid soils (pH less than 5.5). It grew substantially better in soils enriched with faeces than in soils alone. Simple organic acids in horse dung, especially acetate and propionate, appear to be important in supporting growth of R. equi in the environment. The ecology of R. equi can be best explained by an environmental cycle allowing its proliferation in dung, influenced by management, grazing behaviour and prevailing climatic conditions. Preventive measures should be aimed at reducing or avoiding focal areas of faecal contamination in the environment.  
  Address School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0378-1135 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3672866 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2678  
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Author Dunn, M.F.; Branlant, G. openurl 
  Title Roles of zinc ion and reduced coenzyme in horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase catalysis. The mechanism of aldehyde activation Type Journal Article
  Year 1975 Publication Biochemistry Abbreviated Journal Biochemistry  
  Volume (down) 14 Issue 14 Pages 3176-3182  
  Keywords *Alcohol Oxidoreductases/metabolism; Aldehydes/*pharmacology; Animals; Binding Sites; Enzyme Activation/drug effects; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Liver/enzymology; *NAD/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Binding; Spectrophotometry; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Temperature; *Zinc/pharmacology  
  Abstract 1,4,5,6-Tetrahydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (H2NADH) has been investigated as a reduced coenzyme analog in the reaction between trans-4-N,N-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (I) (lambdamax 398 nm, epsilonmax 3.15 X 10-4 M-minus 1 cm-minus 1) and the horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase-NADH complex. These equilibrium binding and temperature-jump kinetic studies establish the following. (i) Substitution of H2NADH for NADH limits reaction to the reversible formation of a new chromophoric species, lambdamax 468 nm, epsilonmax 5.8 x 10-4 M-minus 1 cm-minus 1. This chromophore is demonstrated to be structurally analogous to the transient intermediate formed during the reaction of I with the enzyme-NADH complex [Dunn, M. F., and Hutchison, J. S. (1973), Biochemistry 12, 4882]. (ii) The process of intermediate formation with the enzyme-NADH complex is independent of pH over the range 6.13-10.54. Although studies were limited to the pH range 5.98-8.72, a similar pH independence appears to hold for the H2NADH system. (iii) Within the ternary complex, I is bound within van der Waal's contact distance of the coenzyme nicotinamide ring. (iv) Formation of the transient intermediate does not involve covalent modification of coenzyme. Based on these findings, we conclude that zinc ion has a Lewis acid function in facilitating the chemical activation of the aldehyde carbonyl for reduction, and that reduced coenzyme plays a noncovalent effector role in this substrate activating step.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0006-2960 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:238585 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3817  
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