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| Author | Gibson, B.M.; Shettleworth, S.J.; McDonald, R.J. | ||||
| Title | Finding a goal on dry land and in the water: differential effects of disorientation on spatial learning | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Behavioural brain research | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Brain. Res. |
| Volume | 123 | Issue  |
1 | Pages | 103-111 |
| Keywords | Animals; Cues; Environment; Male; Maze Learning/*physiology; Orientation/*physiology; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Spatial Behavior/*physiology; Water | ||||
| Abstract | Two previous studies, Martin et al. (J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process. 23 (1997) 183) and Dudchenko et al. (J. Exp. Psychol. Anim. Behav. Process. 23 (1997) 194), report that, compared to non-disoriented controls, rats disoriented before testing were disrupted in their ability to learn the location of a goal on a dry radial-arm maze task, but that both groups learned at the same rate in the Morris water maze. However, the radial-arm maze task was much more difficult than the water maze. In the current set of experiments, we examined the performance of control and disoriented rats on more comparable dry land and water maze tasks. Compared to non-disoriented rats, rats that were disoriented before testing were significantly impaired in locating a goal in a circular dry arena, but not a water tank. The results constrain theoretical explanations for the differential effects of disorientation on different spatial tasks. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3. gibson@psych.utoronto.ca | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0166-4328 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11377733 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 372 | ||
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| Author | Collier-Baker, E.; Davis, J.M.; Nielsen, M.; Suddendorf, T. | ||||
| Title | Do chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) understand single invisible displacement? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 9 | Issue |
1 | Pages | 55-61 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Male; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; *Space Perception; *Spatial Behavior; Task Performance and Analysis; *Visual Perception | ||||
| Abstract | Previous research suggests that chimpanzees understand single invisible displacement. However, this Piagetian task may be solvable through the use of simple search strategies rather than through mentally representing the past trajectory of an object. Four control conditions were thus administered to two chimpanzees in order to separate associative search strategies from performance based on mental representation. Strategies involving experimenter cue-use, search at the last or first box visited by the displacement device, and search at boxes adjacent to the displacement device were systematically controlled for. Chimpanzees showed no indications of utilizing these simple strategies, suggesting that their capacity to mentally represent single invisible displacements is comparable to that of 18-24-month-old children. | ||||
| Address | Early Cognitive Development Unit, School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. e.collier-baker@psy.uq.edu.au | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16163481 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2482 | ||
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| Author | Vlasak, A.N. | ||||
| Title | Global and local spatial landmarks: their role during foraging by Columbian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 9 | Issue |
1 | Pages | 71-80 |
| Keywords | Animals; Cues; Feeding Behavior/*psychology; Female; *Memory; Mental Recall; Orientation; Sciuridae/*psychology; *Space Perception; *Spatial Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Locating food and refuge is essential for an animal's survival. However, little is known how mammals navigate under natural conditions and cope with given environmental constraints. In a series of six experiments, I investigated landmark-based navigation in free-ranging Columbian ground squirrels (Spermophilus columbianus). Squirrels were trained individually to find a baited platform within an array of nine identical platforms and artificial landmarks set up on their territories. After animals learned the location of the food platform in the array, the position of the latter with respect to local artificial, local natural, and global landmarks was manipulated, and the animal's ability to find the food platform was tested. When only positions of local artificial landmarks were changed, squirrels located food with high accuracy. When the location of the array relative to global landmarks was altered, food-finding accuracy decreased but remained significant. In the absence of known global landmarks, the presence of a familiar route and natural local landmarks resulted in significant but not highly accurate performance. Squirrels likely relied on multiple types of cues when orienting towards a food platform. Local landmarks were used only as a secondary mechanism of navigation, and were not attended to when a familiar route and known global landmarks were present. This study provided insights into landmark use by a wild mammal in a natural situation, and it demonstrated that an array of platforms can be employed to investigate landmark-based navigation under such conditions. | ||||
| Address | Biology Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. avlasak@sas.upenn.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16163480 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2483 | ||
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| Author | Blaisdell, A.P.; Cook, R.G. | ||||
| Title | Integration of spatial maps in pigeons | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 8 | Issue |
1 | Pages | 7-16 |
| Keywords | Animals; Appetitive Behavior/physiology; Association Learning/*physiology; Columbidae/*physiology; Conditioning, Classical/physiology; *Cues; Problem Solving/*physiology; Space Perception/*physiology; Spatial Behavior/physiology | ||||
| Abstract | The integration of spatial maps in pigeons was investigated using a spatial analog to sensory preconditioning. The pigeons were tested in an open-field arena in which they had to locate hidden food among a 4x4 grid of gravel-filled cups. In phase 1, the pigeons were exposed to a consistent spatial relationship (vector) between landmark L (a red L-shaped block of wood), landmark T (a blue T-shaped block of wood) and the hidden food goal. In phase 2, the pigeons were then exposed to landmark T with a different spatial vector to the hidden food goal. Following phase 2, pigeons were tested with trials on which they were presented with only landmark L to examine the potential integration of the phase 1 and 2 vectors via their shared common elements. When these test trials were preceded by phase 1 and phase 2 reminder trials, pigeons searched for the goal most often at a location consistent with their integration of the L-->T phase 1 and T-->phase 2 goal vectors. This result indicates that integration of spatial vectors acquired during phases 1 and 2 allowed the pigeons to compute a novel L-->goal vector. This suggests that spatial maps may be enlarged by successively integrating additional spatial information through the linkage of common elements. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA. blaisdell@psych.ucla.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15221636 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2521 | ||
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| Author | Range, F.; Bugnyar, T.; Schlogl, C.; Kotrschal, K. | ||||
| Title | Individual and sex differences in learning abilities of ravens | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
| Volume | 73 | Issue |
1 | Pages | 100-106 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Crows; Discrimination Learning/*physiology; Exploratory Behavior/physiology; Female; *Individuality; Male; Sex Factors; Spatial Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Behavioral and physiological characteristics of individuals within the same species have been found to be stable across time and contexts. In this study, we investigated individual differences in learning abilities and object and social manipulation to test for consistency within individuals across different tasks. Individual ravens (Corvus corax) were tested in simple color and position discrimination tasks to establish their learning abilities. We found that males were significantly better in the acquisition of the first discrimination task and the object manipulation task, but not in any of the other tasks. Furthermore, faster learners engaged less often in manipulations of conspecifics and exploration of objects to get access to food. No relationship between object and social manipulation and reversal training were found. Our results suggest that individual differences in regard to the acquisition of new tasks may be related to personalities or at least object manipulation in ravens. | ||||
| Address | Konrad Lorenz Research Station, A-4645 Gruenau 11, Austria. friederike.range@univie.ac.at | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16675158 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4146 | ||
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| Author | Jensen, G.D.; Gordon, B.N.; Wolfheim, J. | ||||
| Title | Nursing behavior in infant monkeys: a sequence analysis | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1975 | Publication | Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Behaviour |
| Volume | 55 | Issue |
1-2 | Pages | 115-127 |
| Keywords | Animals; Dependency (Psychology); *Feeding Behavior; Female; *Macaca; Male; Sensory Deprivation; Social Behavior; Spatial Behavior | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0005-7959 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:1191212 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4153 | ||
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| Author | Gibson, B.M.; Shettleworth, S.J. | ||||
| Title | Competition among spatial cues in a naturalistic food-carrying task | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Learning & behavior : a Psychonomic Society publication | Abbreviated Journal | Learn Behav |
| Volume | 31 | Issue |
2 | Pages | 143-159 |
| Keywords | Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Appetitive Behavior; *Association Learning; *Attention; Choice Behavior; *Cues; *Discrimination Learning; Male; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Space Perception; *Spatial Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Rats collected nuts from a container in a large arena in four experiments testing how learning about a beacon or cue at a goal interacts with learning about other spatial cues (place learning). Place learning was quick, with little evidence of competition from the beacon (Experiments 1 and 2). Rats trained to approach a beacon regardless of its location were subsequently impaired when the well-learned beacon was removed and other spatial cues identified the location of the goal (Experiment 3). The competition between beacon and place cues reflected learned irrelevance for place cues (Experiment 4). The findings differ from those of some studies of associative interactions between cue and place learning in other paradigms. | ||||
| Address | University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1543-4494 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12882373 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 368 | ||
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| Author | Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Greenwood, P.J.; Powell, R.P. | ||||
| Title | Ranks and relationships in Highland ponies and Highland Cows | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1976 | Publication | Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie | Abbreviated Journal | Z. Tierpsychol. |
| Volume | 41 | Issue |
2 | Pages | 202-216 |
| Keywords | Agonistic Behavior; Animals; *Cattle; Female; Grooming; *Horses; Male; *Social Dominance; Spatial Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Recent studies of primates have questioned the importance of dominance hierarchies in groups living under natural conditions. In a herd of Highland ponies and one of Highland cattle grazing under free-range conditions on the Isle of Rhum (Inner Hebrides) well defined hierarchies were present. The provision of food produced a marked increase in the frequency of agonistic interactions but had no effect on the rank systems of the two herds. While rank was clearly important in affecting the distribution of agonistic interactions, it was poorly related to behaviour in non-agonistic situations. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0044-3573 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:961125 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 661 | ||
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| Author | Hamilton, W.D. | ||||
| Title | Geometry for the selfish herd | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Journal of theoretical biology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Theor. Biol. |
| Volume | 31 | Issue |
2 | Pages | 295-311 |
| Keywords | Animals; Anura; *Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Communication; Evolution; Fear; Metallurgy; *Models, Biological; Probability; Snakes; *Spatial Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | This paper presents an antithesis to the view that gregarious behaviour is evolved through benefits to the population or species. Following Galton (1871) and Williams (1964) gregarious behaviour is considered as a form of cover-seeking in which each animal tries to reduce its chance of being caught by a predator. It is easy to see how pruning of marginal individuals can maintain centripetal instincts in already gregarious species; some evidence that marginal pruning actually occurs is summarized. Besides this, simply defined models are used to show that even in non-gregarious species selection is likely to favour individuals who stay close to others. Although not universal or unipotent, cover-seeking is a widespread and important element in animal aggregation, as the literature shows. Neglect of the idea has probably followed from a general disbelief that evolution can be dysgenic for a species. Nevertheless, selection theory provides no support for such disbelief in the case of species with outbreeding or unsubdivided populations. The model for two dimensions involves a complex problem in geometrical probability which has relevance also in metallurgy and communication science. Some empirical data on this, gathered from random number plots, is presented as of possible heuristic value. |
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-5193 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:5104951 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 771 | ||
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| Author | Gibbs, S.E.B.; Lea, S.E.G.; Jacobs, L.F. | ||||
| Title | Flexible use of spatial cues in the southern flying squirrel (Glaucomys volans) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 10 | Issue |
2 | Pages | 203-209 |
| Keywords | Animals; Male; Orientation; *Sciuridae; *Space Perception; *Spatial Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Insects, birds, and mammals have been shown capable of encoding spatial information in memory using multiple strategies or frames of reference simultaneously. These strategies include orientation to a goal-specific cue or beacon, to the position of the goal in an array of local landmarks, or to its position in the array of distant landmarks, also known as the global frame of reference. From previous experiments, it appears that birds and mammals that scatter hoard rely primarily on a global frame of reference, but this generalization depends on evidence from only a few species. Here we examined spatial memory in a previously unstudied scatter hoarder, the southern flying squirrel. We dissociated the relative weighting of three potential spatial strategies (beacon, global, or relative array strategy) with three probe tests: transposition of beacon and the rotation or the expansion of the array. The squirrels' choices were consistent with a spatial averaging strategy, where they chose the location dictated by at least two of the three strategies, rather than using a single preferred frame of reference. This adaptive and flexible heuristic has not been previously described in animal orientation studies, yet it may be a common solution to the universal problem of encoding and recalling spatial locations in an ephemeral physical landscape. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1650, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1435-9448 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:17265151 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2422 | ||
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