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| Author | Cloutier, S.; Newberry, R.C.; Honda, K. | ||||
| Title | Comparison of social ranks based on worm-running and aggressive behaviour in young domestic fowl | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
| Volume | 65 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 79-86 |
| Keywords | Aggression; Social behaviour; Dominance; Play; Chickens; Animal welfare | ||||
| Abstract | Worm-running is behaviour in which a chick runs carrying a worm-like object while flock mates follow and attempt to grab the object from its beak. We hypothesised that social ranks based on worm-running frequency are stable over time and are positively correlated with social ranks based on success in aggressive interactions when older. At 8-12 days of age, we scored worm-running in 17 groups of 12 female White Leghorn chicks during three 10-min tests. Based on instantaneous scans at 5-s intervals, the bird carrying the `worm' most often was placed in rank one and so on down the rank order. These tests were repeated at 68-70 days of age. An aggression index for each bird was calculated as the number of aggressive acts given, divided by the number given and received, during three 1-h observation periods when the birds were 68-70 days. Ranks obtained in worm-running tests were positively correlated over the two age periods (P<0.05) but were not correlated with ranks based on the aggression index (P>0.05). Our results indicate that worm-running ranks are not predictive of success in aggressive interactions. Instead, worm-running fits some criteria for play. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Serial | 2090 | |||
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| Author | Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Greenwood, P.J.; Powell, R.P. | ||||
| Title | Ranks and relationships in Highland ponies and Highland Cows | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1976 | Publication | Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie | Abbreviated Journal | Z. Tierpsychol. |
| Volume | 41 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 202-216 |
| Keywords | Agonistic Behavior; Animals; *Cattle; Female; Grooming; *Horses; Male; *Social Dominance; Spatial Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Recent studies of primates have questioned the importance of dominance hierarchies in groups living under natural conditions. In a herd of Highland ponies and one of Highland cattle grazing under free-range conditions on the Isle of Rhum (Inner Hebrides) well defined hierarchies were present. The provision of food produced a marked increase in the frequency of agonistic interactions but had no effect on the rank systems of the two herds. While rank was clearly important in affecting the distribution of agonistic interactions, it was poorly related to behaviour in non-agonistic situations. | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0044-3573 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:961125 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 661 | ||
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| Author | Cohen, J. | ||||
| Title | Animal behavior. The world through a chimp's eyes | Type | |||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Science (New York, N.Y.) | Abbreviated Journal | Science |
| Volume | 316 | Issue | 5821 | Pages | 44-45 |
| Keywords | Animal Communication; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; Cooperative Behavior; Culture; Memory; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Social Behavior; Tool Use Behavior | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1095-9203 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:17412932 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2832 | ||
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| Author | Collery, L. | ||||
| Title | Observations of equine animals under farm and feral conditions | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1974 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 170-173 |
| Keywords | Aggression; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Breeding; Circadian Rhythm; Feeding Behavior; Female; Horses/*physiology; Housing, Animal; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Puberty; Reproduction; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Dominance | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0425-1644 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:4473340 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 680 | ||
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| Author | Connor, R.C.; Mann, J.; Tyack, P.L.; Whitehead, H. | ||||
| Title | Social evolution in toothed whales | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Trends in Ecology & Evolution | Abbreviated Journal | Trends. Ecol. Evol |
| Volume | 13 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 228-232 |
| Keywords | odontocetes; toothed whales; social evolution; communication; bottlenose dolphins; sperm whales; long-term studies; foraging | ||||
| Abstract | Two contrasting results emerge from comparisons of the social systems of several odontocetes with terrestrial mammals. Researchers have identified remarkable convergence in prominent features of the social systems of odontocetes such as the sperm whale and bottlenose dolphin with a few well-known terrestrial mammals such as the elephant and chimpanzee. In contrast, studies on killer whales and Baird's beaked whale reveal novel social solutions to aquatic living. The combination of convergent and novel features in odontocete social systems promise a more general understanding of the ecological determinants of social systems in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats, as well as the relationship between relative brain size and social evolution. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0169-5347 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4789 | ||
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| Author | Connor, R.C.; Wells, R.S.; Mann, J.; Read,A.J. | ||||
| Title | The bottlenose dolphin: Social relationships in a fission-fusion society. | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Cetacean Societies: Field Studies of Dolphins and Whales. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 91-126 | ||
| Keywords | cetacean social behavior, male alliance formation, most cetacean species, platanistid river dolphins, cetacean sociality, strategies and social bonds, female cetaceans, many cetologists, most mysticetes, sperm whale calves, passive fishing nets, variant whistles, historical whaling records, cetacean systematics, stable matrilineal groups, peak calving season, suction cup tags, mutualistic groups, cetacean vocalizations, focal animal studies, larger odontocetes, predictive signaling, individual cetaceans, sperm whale clicks, resident killer whales | ||||
| Abstract | Book Description “Part review, part testament to extraordinary dedication, and part call to get involved, Cetacean Societies highlights the achievements of behavioral ecologists inspired by the challenges of cetaceans and committed to the exploration of a new world.”-from the preface by Richard Wrangham Long-lived, slow to reproduce, and often hidden beneath the water's surface, whales and dolphins (cetaceans) have remained elusive subjects for scientific study even though they have fascinated humans for centuries. Until recently, much of what we knew about cetaceans came from commercial sources such as whalers and trainers for dolphin acts. Innovative research methods and persistent efforts, however, have begun to penetrate the depths to reveal tantalizing glimpses of the lives of these mammals in their natural habitats. Cetacean Societies presents the first comprehensive synthesis and review of these new studies. Groups of chapters focus on the history of cetacean behavioral research and methodology; state-of-the-art reviews of information on four of the most-studied species: bottlenose dolphins, killer whales, sperm whales, and humpback whales; and summaries of major topics, including group living, male and female reproductive strategies, communication, and conservation drawn from comparative research on a wide range of species. Written by some of the world's leading cetacean scientists, this landmark volume will benefit not just students of cetology but also researchers in other areas of behavioral and conservation ecology as well as anyone with a serious interest in the world of whales and dolphins. Contributors are Robin Baird, Phillip Clapham, Jenny Christal, Richard Connor, Janet Mann, Andrew Read, Randall Reeves, Amy Samuels, Peter Tyack, Linda Weilgart, Hal Whitehead, Randall S. Wells, and Richard Wrangham. |
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| Publisher | University of Chicago Press | Place of Publication | Chicago | Editor | Mann, J.;Connor, R.C.; Tyack, P.L.;Whitehead, H. |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-0226503417 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4427 | ||
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| Author | Conradt, L.; Roper, T.J. | ||||
| Title | Group decision-making in animals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 421 | Issue | 6919 | Pages | 155-158 |
| Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Decision Making; Democracy; Group Processes; *Models, Biological; Population Density; Social Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Groups of animals often need to make communal decisions, for example about which activities to perform, when to perform them and which direction to travel in; however, little is known about how they do so. Here, we model the fitness consequences of two possible decision-making mechanisms: 'despotism' and 'democracy'. We show that under most conditions, the costs to subordinate group members, and to the group as a whole, are considerably higher for despotic than for democratic decisions. Even when the despot is the most experienced group member, it only pays other members to accept its decision when group size is small and the difference in information is large. Democratic decisions are more beneficial primarily because they tend to produce less extreme decisions, rather than because each individual has an influence on the decision per se. Our model suggests that democracy should be widespread and makes quantitative, testable predictions about group decision-making in non-humans. | ||||
| Address | School of Biological Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK. l.conradt@sussex.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:12520299 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5136 | ||
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| Author | Conradt, L.; Roper, T.J. | ||||
| Title | Deciding group movements: Where and when to go | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2010 | Publication | Behavioural Processes | Abbreviated Journal | Behav. Process. |
| Volume | 84 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 675-677 |
| Keywords | activity synchronisation; aggregation rules; collective decisions; democracy; group decisions; sexual segregation; decision sharing; social choice theory | ||||
| Abstract | A group of animals can only move cohesively, if group members “somehow” reach a consensus about the timing (e.g., start) and the spatial direction/destination of the collective movement. Timing and spatial decisions usually differ with respect to the continuity of their cost/benefit distribution in such a way that, in principle, compromises are much more feasible in timing decision (e.g. median preferred time) than they are in spatial decisions. The consequence is that consensus costs connected to collective timing decisions are usually less skewed amongst group members than are consensus costs connected to spatial decisions. This, in turn, influences the evolution of decision sharing: sharing in timing decisions is most likely to evolve when conflicts are high relative to group cohesion benefits, while sharing in spatial decisions is most likely to evolve in the opposite situation. We discuss the implications of these differences for the study of collective movement decisions. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0376-6357 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5086 | ||
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| Author | Conradt, L.; Krause, J.; Couzin, I. D.; Roper, T. J. | ||||
| Title | “Leading According to Need” in Self-Organizing Groups | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | The American Naturalist | Abbreviated Journal | Am Nat |
| Volume | 173 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 304-312 |
| Keywords | behavioral synchrony, collective group decisions, democracy and egalitarianism in animals, public goods experiments, sexual segregation, social choice theory | ||||
| Abstract | Self‐organizing‐system approaches have shed significant light on the mechanisms underlying synchronized movements by large groups of animals, such as shoals of fish, flocks of birds, or herds of ungulates. However, these approaches rarely consider conflicts of interest between group members, although there is reason to suppose that such conflicts are commonplace. Here, we demonstrate that, where conflicts exist, individual members of self‐organizing groups can, in principle, increase their influence on group movement destination by strategically changing simple behavioral parameters (namely, movement speed, assertiveness, and social attraction range). However, they do so at the expense of an increased risk of group fragmentation and a decrease in movement efficiency. We argue that the resulting trade‐offs faced by each group member render it likely that group movements are led by those members for which reaching a particular destination is most crucial or group cohesion is least important. We term this phenomenon leading according to “need” or “social indifference,” respectively. Both kinds of leading can occur in the absence of knowledge of or communication about the needs of other group members and without the assumption of altruistic cooperation. We discuss our findings in the light of observations on fish and other vertebrates. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5121 | ||
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| Author | Cooper, J.J.; Ashton, C.; Bishop, S.; West, R.; Mills, D.S.; Young, R.J. | ||||
| Title | Clever hounds: social cognition in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 81 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 229-244 |
| Keywords | Domestic dog; Canine; Social cognition; Counting; Theory of mind; Perspective taking | ||||
| Abstract | This paper reviews the reasons why domestic dogs make good models to investigate cognitive processes related to social living and describes experimental approaches that can be adopted to investigate such processes in dogs. Domestic dogs are suitable models for investigating social cognition skills for three broad reasons. First, dogs originated from wolves, social animals that engage in a number of co-operative behaviours, such as hunting and that may have evolved cognitive abilities that help them predict and interpret the actions of other animals. Second, during domestication dogs are likely to have been selected for mental adaptations for their roles in human society such as herding or companionship. Third, domestic dogs live in a human world and “enculturation” may facilitate the development of relevant mental skills in dogs. Studies of social cognition in animals commonly use experimental paradigms originally developed for pre-verbal human infants. Preferential gaze, for example, can be used as a measure of attention or “surprise” in studies using expectancy violation. This approach has been used to demonstrate simple numerical competence in dogs. Dogs also readily use both conspecific and human social signals (e.g. looking or pointing) as information sources to locate hidden rewards such as food or favourite toys. Such abilities make dogs particularly good models for investigating perspective-taking tasks, where animals are required to discriminate between apparently knowledgeable and apparently ignorant informants. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 395 | ||
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