| Records |
| Author |
Zentall, T.R. |
| Title |
A cognitive behaviorist approach to the study of animal behavior |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
The Journal of general psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Gen Psychol |
| Volume |
129 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
328-363 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Attention; *Behavior, Animal; *Cognition; Learning; *Memory; Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
Traditional psychological approaches to animal learning and behavior have involved either the atheoretical behaviorist approach proposed by B. F. Skinner (1938), in which input-output relations are described in response to environmental manipulations, or the theoretical behaviorist approach offered by C. L Hull (1943), in which associations mediated by several hypothetical constructs and intervening variables are formed between stimuli and responses. Recently, the application of a cognitive behaviorist approach to animal learning and behavior has been found to have considerable value as a research tool. This perspective has grown out of E. C. Tolman's cognitive approach to learning in which behavior is mediated by mechanisms that are not directly observable but can be inferred from the results of critical experiments. In the present article, the author presents several examples of the successful application of the cognitive behaviorist approach. In each case, the experiments have been designed to distinguish between more traditional mechanisms and those mediated by hypothesized internal representations. These examples were selected because the evidence suggests that some form of active cognitive organization is needed to account for the behavioral results. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506, USA. Zentall@uky.edu |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0022-1309 |
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| Notes |
PMID:12494989 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
214 |
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| Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
| Title |
Cognitive strategies and the representation of social relations by monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nebr Symp Motiv |
| Volume |
47 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
145-177 |
| Keywords |
Adaptation, Biological; Animals; *Evolution; Family; Female; Haplorhini; Male; Memory; Primates; *Selection (Genetics); *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; *Social Perception |
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| Address |
University of Pennsylvania, USA |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0146-7875 |
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| Notes |
PMID:11759347 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
345 |
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| Author |
Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M.; Silk, J.B. |
| Title |
The responses of female baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) to anomalous social interactions: evidence for causal reasoning? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
| Volume |
109 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
134-141 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Attention; Auditory Perception; *Awareness; *Concept Formation; *Dominance-Subordination; Fear; Female; Hierarchy, Social; Papio/*psychology; *Social Behavior; Social Environment; Vocalization, Animal |
| Abstract |
Baboons' (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) understanding of cause-effect relations in the context of social interactions was examined through use of a playback experiment. Under natural conditions, dominant female baboons often grunt to more subordinate mothers when interacting with their infants. Mothers occasionally respond to these grunts by uttering submissive fear barks. Subjects were played causally inconsistent call sequences in which a lower ranking female apparently grunted to a higher ranking female, and the higher ranking female apparently responded with fear barks. As a control, subjects heard a sequence made causally consistent by the inclusion of grunts from a 3rd female that was dominant to both of the others. Subjects responded significantly more strongly to the causally inconsistent sequences, suggesting that they recognized the factors that cause 1 individual to give submissive vocalizations to another. |
| Address |
Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0735-7036 |
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| Notes |
PMID:7758289 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
348 |
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| Author |
Cancedda, M. |
| Title |
[Social and behavioral organization of horses on the Giara (Sardinia): distribution and aggregation] |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale |
Abbreviated Journal |
Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper |
| Volume |
66 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1089-1096 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Wild/physiology/psychology; Environment; Female; *Horses/physiology/psychology; Italy; Male; Population Density; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Water |
| Abstract |
In this paper some considerations on the environment of the 42 Kmq of the volcanic-basaltic Giara tableland are discussed. Conditioning by the environment and its effect on the distribution of a population of 712 horses is illustrated in view of their social and behavioural organization. |
| Address |
Istituto di Fisiologia Generale e Speciale, Universita di Sassari |
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| Language |
Italian |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
Introduzione all'organizzazione sociale e comportamentale dei cavallini sulla Giara (Sardegna): distribuzione ed aggregazione |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0037-8771 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:2095819 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
673 |
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| Author |
Keiper, R.R. |
| Title |
Social structure |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
465-484 |
| Keywords |
Animal Communication; Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Dominance-Subordination; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; Homing Behavior; *Horses; Male; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance |
| Abstract |
Socially feral horses live in stable social groups characterized by one adult male, a number of adult females, and their offspring up to 2 years of age. Extra males either live by themselves or with other males in bachelor groups. The bands occupy nondefended home ranges that often overlap. Many abnormal behaviors seen in domestic horses occur because some aspect of their normal social behavior cannot be carried out in captivity. |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0749-0739 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Notes |
PMID:3492240 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
675 |
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| Author |
Kiley, M. |
| Title |
The vocalizations of ungulates, their causation and function |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z. Tierpsychol. |
| Volume |
31 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
171-222 |
| Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; *Artiodactyla; Cattle; Fear; Female; Frustration; Horses; Humans; Male; Pain; *Perissodactyla; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Swine; *Vocalization, Animal |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0044-3573 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:4674022 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
681 |
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| Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
| Title |
Signalers and receivers in animal communication |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Annual review of psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Annu Rev Psychol |
| Volume |
54 |
Issue |
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Pages |
145-173 |
| Keywords |
Affect; *Animal Communication; Animals; Arousal; Auditory Perception; Motivation; *Social Behavior; Social Environment; Species Specificity; *Vocalization, Animal |
| Abstract |
In animal communication natural selection favors callers who vocalize to affect the behavior of listeners and listeners who acquire information from vocalizations, using this information to represent their environment. The acquisition of information in the wild is similar to the learning that occurs in laboratory conditioning experiments. It also has some parallels with language. The dichotomous view that animal signals must be either referential or emotional is false, because they can easily be both: The mechanisms that cause a signaler to vocalize do not limit a listener's ability to extract information from the call. The inability of most animals to recognize the mental states of others distinguishes animal communication most clearly from human language. Whereas signalers may vocalize to change a listener's behavior, they do not call to inform others. Listeners acquire information from signalers who do not, in the human sense, intend to provide it. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. seyfarth@psych.upenn.edu |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0066-4308 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:12359915 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
690 |
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| Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
| Title |
What are big brains for? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume |
99 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
4141-4142 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Brain/*anatomy & histology; *Intelligence; Learning; Primates/*anatomy & histology/*psychology; Social Behavior |
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| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. seyfarth@psych.upenn.edu |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0027-8424 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:11929989 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
692 |
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| Author |
Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. |
| Title |
The representation of social relations by monkeys |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Cognition |
| Volume |
37 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
167-196 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Cercopithecus aethiops/*psychology; Concept Formation; *Dominance-Subordination; Female; Macaca fascicularis/*psychology; Male; *Social Behavior; *Social Environment |
| Abstract |
Monkeys recognize the social relations that exist among others in their group. They know who associates with whom, for example, and other animals' relative dominance ranks. In addition, monkeys appear to compare types of social relations and make same/different judgments about them. In captivity, longtailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) trained to recognize the relation between one adult female and her offspring can identify the same relation among other mother-offspring pairs, and distinguish this relation from bonds between individuals who are related in a different way. In the wild, if a vervet monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) has seen a fight between a member of its own family and a member of Family X, this increases the likelihood that it will act aggressively toward another member of Family X. Vervets act as if they recognize some similarity between their own close associates and the close associates of others. To make such comparisons the monkeys must have some way of representing the properties of social relationships. We discuss the adaptive value of such representations, the information they contain, their structure, and their limitations. |
| Address |
Department of Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104 |
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Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0010-0277 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:2269006 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
702 |
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| Author |
Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. |
| Title |
The acoustic features of vervet monkey grunts |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1984 |
Publication |
The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Acoust Soc Am |
| Volume |
75 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1623-1628 |
| Keywords |
*Acoustics; Animals; Auditory Perception; Cercopithecus/*physiology; Cercopithecus aethiops/*physiology; Cues; Dominance-Subordination; Female; Male; Social Behavior; Sound Spectrography; *Vocalization, Animal |
| Abstract |
East African vervet monkeys give short (125 ms), harsh-sounding grunts to each other in a variety of social situations: when approaching a dominant or subordinate member of their group, when moving into a new area of their range, or upon seeing another group. Although all these vocalizations sound similar to humans, field playback experiments have shown that the monkeys distinguish at least four different calls. Acoustic analysis reveals that grunts have an aperiodic F0, at roughly 240 Hz. Most grunts exhibit a spectral peak close to this irregular F0. Grunts may also contain a second, rising or falling frequency peak, between 550 and 900 Hz. The location and changes in these two frequency peaks are the cues most likely to be used by vervets when distinguishing different grunt types. |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0001-4966 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:6736426 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
703 |
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