| Records |
| Author |
Hoogstraal, H.; Mitchell, R.M. |
| Title |
Haemaphysalis (Alloceraea) aponommoides Warburton (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), description of immature stages, hosts, distribution, and ecology in India, Nepal, Sikkim, and China |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1971 |
Publication |
The Journal of Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Parasitol |
| Volume |
57 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
635-645 |
| Keywords |
Altitude; Animals; Artiodactyla; Birds; Buffaloes; Carnivora; Cattle; China; Deer; Dogs; Ecology; Female; Goats; Horses; Humans; India; Insectivora; Larva/anatomy & histology; Male; Mice; Nepal; Rats; Rodentia; Sciuridae; Seasons; Sheep; Tick Infestations/*epidemiology; Ticks/*anatomy & histology/growth & development |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0022-3395 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:5090972 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2730 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Hrdy, S.B. |
| Title |
Male-male competition and infanticide among the langurs (Presbytis entellus) of Abu, Rajasthan |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Folia Primatol (Basel) |
| Volume |
22 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
19-58 |
| Keywords |
Aggression; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Coitus; *Competitive Behavior; Estrus; Feeding Behavior; Female; *Haplorhini; Homing Behavior; Humans; India; Infanticide; Leadership; Male; Maternal Behavior; Population Density; Pregnancy; Rain; Seasons; Sex Factors; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Behavior; Temperature; Vocalization, Animal |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0015-5713 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:4215710 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
2051 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Hutchinson, G.W.; Abba, S.A.; Mfitilodze, M.W. |
| Title |
Seasonal translation of equine strongyle infective larvae to herbage in tropical Australia |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Veterinary Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Parasitol |
| Volume |
33 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
251-263 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Feces/*parasitology; Horses; Queensland; Seasons; Strongyle Infections, Equine/*parasitology; Strongyloidea/growth & development/*physiology; Strongylus/growth & development/*physiology; Tropical Climate |
| Abstract |
Longevity in faeces, migration to and survival on herbage of mixed strongyle infective larvae (approximately 70% cyathostomes: 30% large strongyles) from experimentally deposited horse faeces was studied in the dry tropical region of North Queensland for up to 2 years. Larvae were recovered from faeces deposited during hot dry weather for a maximum of 12 weeks, up to 32 weeks in cool conditions, but less than 8 weeks in hot wet summer. Translation to herbage was mainly limited to the hot wet season (December-March), except when unseasonal winter rainfall of 40-50 mm per month in July and August allowed some additional migration. Survival on pasture was estimated at 2-4 weeks in the summer wet season and 8-12 weeks in the autumn-winter dry season (April-August). Hot dry spring weather (pre-wet season) was the most unfavourable for larval development, migration and survival. Peak counts of up to 60,000 larvae kg-1 dry herbage were recorded. The seasonal nature of pasture contamination allowed the development of rational anthelmintic control programs based on larval ecology. |
| Address |
Graduate School of Tropical Veterinary Science, James Cook University of North Queensland, Townsville, Australia |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0304-4017 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:2815535 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2672 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Iwuala, M.O.; Okpala, I. |
| Title |
Studies on the ectoparasitic fauna of Nigerian livestock II: Seasonal infestation rates |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa. Bulletin des Sante et Production Animales en Afrique |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bull Anim Health Prod Afr |
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
351-359 |
| Keywords |
Animal Diseases/*epidemiology; Animals; Cattle; Dogs; Ecology; Ectoparasitic Infestations/epidemiology/*veterinary; Goats; Horses; Nigeria; Seasons; Sheep; Swine |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0378-9721 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:756759 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2695 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Kaseda, Y.; Ogawa, H.; Khalil, A.M. |
| Title |
Causes of natal dispersal and emigration and their effects on harem formation in Misaki feral horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet J |
| Volume |
29 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
262-266 |
| Keywords |
Age Factors; Animal Migration; Animals; Animals, Wild; *Behavior, Animal/physiology; Female; Horses/*physiology/psychology; Male; Reproduction; Seasons; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
Misaki feral horses were separated into 2 herds and the difference between dispersal from natal group (natal dispersal) and dispersal from natal area (natal emigration) was studied. The causes of dispersal and emigration and their effects on harem formation were studied 1979-1994. The number of horses ranged from 73 (mature males: 8, mature females: 26, young males: 8, young females: 3, colt foals: 6, filly foals: 10 and geldings: 12) in 1979 and 86 (mature males: 14, mature females: 37, young males: 12, young females: 7, colt foals: 5, filly foals: 7 and geldings: 4) in 1994 when the present study ended. All 29 males which survived to age 4 years and 58 females which survived to age 3 years left their natal or mother groups at age one to 3. Seventeen of 22 dispersing males and 29 of 39 dispersing females left their natal groups around the birth of their siblings and significant correlations were found between natal dispersal and birth of a sibling. The number of emigrating young males correlated negatively and significantly with the total number of young males in another herd and the number of emigrating young females correlated positively and significantly with the total number of young females in the natal herd. All 13 emigrating stallions which survived to age 5 years formed stable harem groups and a significant correlation was found between natal emigration and harem formation. Twenty-three of 35 resident mares formed stable consort relations with harem stallions and a significant correlation was found between residence and formation of stable consort relations. |
| Address |
Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki-shi, 889-21, Japan |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0425-1644 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:15338905 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4630 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Keay, J.M.; Singh, J.; Gaunt, M.C.; Kaur, T. |
| Title |
Fecal glucocorticoids and their metabolites as indicators of stress in various mammalian species: a literature review |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Zoo Wildl Med |
| Volume |
37 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
234-244 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Wild/metabolism; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods/veterinary; Circadian Rhythm; Conservation of Natural Resources; *Ecosystem; Feces/*chemistry; Glucocorticoids/*analysis/metabolism; Humans; Seasons; Species Specificity; Specimen Handling/methods/veterinary; Stress, Psychological/*metabolism |
| Abstract |
Conservation medicine is a discipline in which researchers and conservationists study and respond to the dynamic interplay between animals, humans, and the environment. From a wildlife perspective, animal species are encountering stressors from numerous sources. With the rapidly increasing human population, a corresponding increased demand for food, fuel, and shelter; habitat destruction; and increased competition for natural resources, the health and well-being of wild animal populations is increasingly at risk of disease and endangerment. Scientific data are needed to measure the impact that human encroachment is having on wildlife. Nonbiased biometric data provide a means to measure the amount of stress being imposed on animals from humans, the environment, and other animals. The stress response in animals functions via glucocorticoid metabolism and is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Fecal glucocorticoids, in particular, may be an extremely useful biometric test, since sample collection is noninvasive to subjects and, therefore, does not introduce other variables that may alter assay results. For this reason, many researchers and conservationists have begun to use fecal glucocorticoids as a means to measure stress in various animal species. This review article summarizes the literature on many studies in which fecal glucocorticoids and their metabolites have been used to assess stress levels in various mammalian species. Variations between studies are the main focus of this review. Collection methods, storage conditions, shipping procedures, and laboratory techniques utilized by different researchers are discussed. |
| Address |
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, 0442 Duck Pond Drive, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1042-7260 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:17319120 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
616 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Keiper, R.; Houpt, K. |
| Title |
Reproduction in feral horses: an eight-year study |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1984 |
Publication |
American journal of veterinary research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Vet Res |
| Volume |
45 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
991-995 |
| Keywords |
Abortion, Veterinary/epidemiology; Anestrus; Animal Population Groups/*physiology; Animals; Animals, Wild/*physiology; Birth Rate; Female; Fertility; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses/*physiology; Lactation; Male; Maryland; Pregnancy; *Reproduction; Seasons; Sex Ratio; Virginia |
| Abstract |
The reproductive rate and foal survival of the free-ranging ponies on Assateague Island National Seashore were studied for 8 years, 1975 to 1982. Most (52%) of the 86 foals were born in May, 13% were born in April, 22.6% in June, 10.4% in July, and less than 1% in August and September. The mean foaling rate was 57.1 +/- 3.9% and the survival rate was 88.3 +/- 3.6%. Forty-eight colts and 55 fillies were born (sex ratio 53% female). Mares less than 3 years old did not foal and the foaling rate of 3-year-old mares was only 23%, that of 4-year-old mares was 46%, that of 5-year-old mares was 53%, and 6-year-old mares was 69%. The relatively poor reproduction rate was believed to be a consequence of the stress of lactating while carrying a foal when forage quality on the island was low. The hypothesis was supported by the higher reproductive rate (74.4 +/- 2.4%) of the ponies in the Chincoteague National Wildlife Refuge on the southern part of the island. Their foals are weaned and sold in July each year. Despite the low reproductive rate on Assateague Island National Seashore , the number of ponies increased from 43 to 80, a 90% increase in the 8-year period or greater than 10%/yr. There were 24 deaths and 8 dispersals from the study area. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0002-9645 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:6732036 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
665 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Khalil, A.M.; Murakami, N.; Kaseda, Y. |
| Title |
Relationship between plasma testosterone concentrations and age, breeding season and harem size in Misaki feral horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Vet Med Sci |
| Volume |
60 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
643-645 |
| Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Wild; *Horses; Japan; Male; Reproduction; Seasons; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Sexual Maturation; *Social Behavior; Testosterone/*blood |
| Abstract |
Jugular vein blood samples were collected from 23 young and sexual mature feral stallions to examine the relationship between plasma testosterone concentration and age, breeding season or harem size. Testosterone concentration increased with the age of the stallions until they formed their own harems, at about 4 to 6 years old. Seasonal variations in testosterone concentrations were observed, and found to be significantly higher (P<0.001) throughout the breeding season than non-breeding season, from 3 years of age. Testosterone levels were correlated with harem size for individual stallions. It can be inferred from these results that there is a relationship between plasma testosterone concentration and age, breeding season and harem size. |
| Address |
Laboratory of Animal Behavioral Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Japan |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0916-7250 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:9637303 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
137 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Turner, A. |
| Title |
Absence of effects from immunocontraception on seasonal birth patterns and foal survival among barrier island wild horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Anim Welf Sci |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
301-308 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Newborn; Animals, Wild/*physiology; Birth Rate; Case-Control Studies; Contraception, Immunologic/methods/*veterinary; Egg Proteins/administration & dosage; Female; Horses/*physiology; Maryland/epidemiology; Membrane Glycoproteins/administration & dosage; Population Control; Pregnancy; *Receptors, Cell Surface; *Reproduction; Seasons; Vaccines, Contraceptive/administration & dosage |
| Abstract |
Despite a large body of safety data, concern exists that porcine zonae pellucidae (PZP) immunocontraception--used to manage wild horse populations--may cause out-of-season births with resulting foal mortality. Our study at Assateague, Maryland indicated the effects of immunocontraception on season of birth and foal survival between 1990 and 2002 on wild horses from Assateague Island. Among 91 mares never treated, 69 (75.8%) of foals were born in April, May, and June (in season). Among 77 treated mares, 50 (64.9%) were born in season. Of 29 mares foaling within 1 year after treatment (contraceptive failures), 20 (68.9%) were born in season. Of 48 mares treated for greater than 2 years then withdrawn from treatment, 30 (62.5%) of 48 foals were born in season. There were no significant differences (p <.05) between either treatment group or untreated mares. Survival did not differ significantly among foals born in or out of season or among foals born to treated or untreated mares. Data indicate a lack of effect of PZP contraception on season of birth or foal survival on barrier island habitats. |
| Address |
Science and Conservation Center Zoo Montana, Billings, Montana 59106, USA. jkirkpatrick@montana.net |
| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1088-8705 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:14965784 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
140 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| Author |
Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Wiesner, L.; Kenney, R.M.; Ganjam, V.K.; Turner, J.W. |
| Title |
Seasonal variation in plasma androgens and testosterone in the North American wild horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1977 |
Publication |
The Journal of endocrinology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Endocrinol |
| Volume |
72 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
237-238 |
| Keywords |
Androgens/*blood; Animals; Horses/*blood; Male; *Seasons; Testosterone/*blood |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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| Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0022-0795 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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| Area |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:845536 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
148 |
| Permanent link to this record |
