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	Author	Alexander, F.; Ash, R.W.
	Title	The effect of emotion and hormones on the concentration of glucose and eosinophils in horse blood			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1955	Publication	The Journal of physiology	Abbreviated Journal	J Physiol
	Volume	130	Issue	3	Pages	703-710
	Keywords	Blood Glucose/drug effects; Eosinophils/drug effects; Leukocyte Count/drug effects; ACTH/effects; BLOOD SUGAR/effect of drugs on; EOSINOPHIL COUNT/effect of drugs on; EPINEPHRINE/effects; HISTAMINE/effects; INSULIN/effects; STRESS/experimental
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-3751	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:13278929			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	122
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	Author	Alexander, F.
	Title	The effects of some humoral agents on the horse ileum			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1952	Publication	British journal of pharmacology and chemotherapy	Abbreviated Journal	Br J Pharmacol Chemother
	Volume	7	Issue	1	Pages	25-32
	Keywords	Ileum/drug effects; HORMONES/effects; *ILEUM/effect of drugs on
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0366-0826	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:14904899			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	126
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	Author	Weik, H.; Altmann, J.
	Title	The effect of L(+)-lactate on rat and horse adipose tissue in vitro			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1972	Publication	Zentralblatt fur Veterinarmedizin. Reihe A	Abbreviated Journal	Zentralbl Veterinarmed A
	Volume	19	Issue	6	Pages	514-518
	Keywords	Adipose Tissue/analysis/drug effects; Animals; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glycerol/metabolism; Horses; Lactates/pharmacology; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Rats
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0514-7158	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:4626300			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	132
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	Author	Turner, J.W.J.; Kirkpatrick, J.F.
	Title	Androgens, behaviour and fertility control in feral stallions			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1982	Publication	Journal of reproduction and fertility. Supplement	Abbreviated Journal	J Reprod Fertil Suppl
	Volume	32	Issue		Pages	79-87
	Keywords	Animals; Animals, Wild; Copulation/drug effects; Female; Fertility/drug effects; Horses/physiology; Male; Periodicity; Pregnancy; Seasons; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects; Sexual Maturation; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility/drug effects; Testosterone/blood/pharmacology
	Abstract	This field study of feral stallions in Montana and Idaho examines and correlates the seasonal pattern of plasma androgens and specific sociosexual behaviour and reports the effect of a long-acting androgenic steroid on this behaviour and on fertility. Plasma testosterone was measured by competitive protein binding assay in samples obtained by jugular venepuncture from captured animals. In samples taken from 34 sexually mature stallions in 6 different months during the year, a definite seasonal pattern in testosterone was present, with a peak in May (3.04 +/- 0.63 ng/ml) and a nadir in December (1.55 +/- 0.34 ng/ml). Values were less than 2.0 ng/ml in non-breeding months and greater than 2.4 ng/ml in breeding months. Behavioural endpoints measured were (1) stallion scent marking in response to elimination by mares (elimination marking), (2) mounting and (3) copulation. The frequencies of each of these endpoints followed closely the seasonal pattern seen for plasma androgens. In the fertility study microcapsulated testosterone propionate (microTP) was administered i.m. to 10 harem stud stallions 3 months before the 1980 breeding season. In these stallions and in 10 control harem studs, the above behavioural endpoints were examined in the 1980 and 1981 breeding seasons, and foal counts were made in 1981. There were no direct inhibitory or stimulatory effects of microTP treatment on any of the behavioural endpoints in either year. In 1981 foals were produced in 87.5% of the control bands and 28.4% of the microTP-treated bands. These results indicate that microencapsulated testosterone propionate can provide effective fertility control in feral horses without causing significant alterations in sociosexual behaviour.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0449-3087	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:6962905			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	138
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	Author	Lyda, R.O.; Hall, J.R.; Kirkpatrick, J.F.
	Title	A comparison of Freund's Complete and Freund's Modified Adjuvants used with a contraceptive vaccine in wild horses (Equus caballus)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2005	Publication	Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians	Abbreviated Journal	J Zoo Wildl Med
	Volume	36	Issue	4	Pages	610-616
	Keywords	Animals; Antibody Formation; Contraception, Immunologic/veterinary; Estrus/drug effects; Female; Freund's Adjuvant/administration & dosage/adverse effects/immunology; Horses/immunology/physiology; Vaccines, Contraceptive; Zona Pellucida/*immunology
	Abstract	Fifteen captive wild mares (Equus caballus) were treated with porcine zona pellucida contraceptive vaccine and either Freund's Complete Adjuvant (n = 7) or Freund's Modified Adjuvant (n = 8). All mares received a booster inoculation of porcine zona pellucida plus Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant a month later. Anti-porcine zona pellucida antibodies were measured over 10 mo following the initial inoculation. There were no significant differences in antibody titers at any point during the 10 mo, and seven of the eight mares in the Freund's Modified Adjuvant group were above the 60% level at the end of the study, which is considered to be the contraceptive threshold for horses. There were no significant differences in titers between pregnant and nonpregnant horses, nor was there a significant correlation between age and titers. One local injection site reaction occurred after booster treatment with Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant, and 11 healthy foals were born during the course of the study. These data suggest that Freund's Modified Adjuvant is an acceptable substitute for Freund's Complete Adjuvant in certain free-ranging and captive wildlife species.
	Address	Science and Conservation Center, 2100 South Shiloh Road, Billings, Montana 59106, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1042-7260	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17312717			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	139
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	Author	Kirkpatrick, J.F.; Liu, I.M.; Turner, J.W.J.; Naugle, R.; Keiper, R.
	Title	Long-term effects of porcine zonae pellucidae immunocontraception on ovarian function in feral horses (Equus caballus)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1992	Publication	Journal of reproduction and fertility	Abbreviated Journal	J Reprod Fertil
	Volume	94	Issue	2	Pages	437-444
	Keywords	Animals; Contraception, Immunologic/veterinary; Egg Proteins; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP)/urine; Female; Glycoproteins/pharmacology; Horses/immunology/physiology; Membrane Glycoproteins; Ovary/drug effects/physiology; Progesterone/metabolism; Receptors, Cell Surface; Swine/immunology; Time Factors; Zona Pellucida/immunology
	Abstract	Ten feral mares free-roaming in Maryland, USA, were inoculated with porcine zonae pellucidae (PZP) protein before the breeding season for three consecutive years (1988-90). Ovarian function was monitored for 51 days during the peak of the breeding season after the third annual PZP inoculation, in seven of these mares and in four untreated control mares, by means of urinary oestrone conjugates and nonspecific progesterone metabolites. None of the ten inoculated mares became pregnant in 1990, compared with 55% of 20 control mares, which included two of the four monitored for ovarian function. Three of the untreated mares demonstrated apparent normal ovarian activity, characterized by preovulatory oestrogen peaks, concurrent progesterone nadirs at ovulation, breeding activity, and luteal-phase progesterone increases after ovulation. Two of the seven monitored PZP-treated mares demonstrated ovulatory cycles that did not result in conception. One was pregnant as a result of conception in 1989 and demonstrated a normal, late-gestation, endocrine profile. The remaining four PZP-treated mares revealed no evidence of ovulation, and urinary oestrogen concentrations were significantly depressed. The experiments indicated that (i) a third consecutive annual PZP booster inoculation is greater than 90% effective in preventing pregnancies in mares and (ii) three consecutive years of PZP treatment may interfere with normal ovarian function as shown by markedly depressed oestrogen secretion.
	Address	Deaconess Research Institute, Billings, MT 59102
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-4251	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:1317449			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	145
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	Author	Henning, J.M.; Zentall, T.R.
	Title	Imitation, social facilitation, and the effects of ACTH 4-10 on rats' bar-pressing behavior			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1981	Publication	The American journal of psychology	Abbreviated Journal	Am J Psychol
	Volume	94	Issue	1	Pages	125-134
	Keywords	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/pharmacology; Animals; Conditioning, Operant/drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extinction, Psychological/drug effects; Imitative Behavior/drug effects; Male; Peptide Fragments/pharmacology; Rats; *Social Facilitation
	Abstract	The effects of ACTH 4-10 on rats' imitation learning was examined during the acquisition and extinction of a bar-press response for water reinforcement. Rats were exposed to either a bar-pressing conspecific (OB), an experimentally naive conspecific (ON), or an empty box (OE) during bar-press acquisition. In a factorial design, each rat was then exposed to one of the same three conditions during extinction. An 80 mcg dose of ACTH 4-10 was administered to half of the rats in each group prior to observation. Performance differences during acquisition were generally small, but significant performance differences during extinction were found. Social facilitation was indicated by the finding that rats extinguished in the presence of a conspecific exhibited significantly greater resistance to extinction than rats extinguished in the presence of an empty box. An imitation effect was also found. Rats that observed a bar-pressing conspecific during both acquisition and extinction (group OB-OB) showed significantly greater resistance top extinction than did groups OB-ON, CB-OE, or OE-OE. There were no significant effects of the hormone, however, relative to saline controls.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0002-9556	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:6263117			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	267
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	Author	Zehnder, A.M.; Ramer, J.C.; Proudfoot, J.S.
	Title	The use of altrenogest to control aggression in a male Grant's Zebra (Equus burchelli boehmi)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians	Abbreviated Journal	J Zoo Wildl Med
	Volume	37	Issue	1	Pages	61-63
	Keywords	Aggression/drug effects; Animals; Animals, Zoo; Behavior, Animal/drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Equidae/physiology; Female; Horses; Male; Treatment Outcome; Trenbolone/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
	Abstract	A male Grant's Zebra (Equus burchelli boehmi) housed with two mares at the Indianapolis Zoo had a 9-yr history of intermittent aggressive behavior toward mares and other animals. Periods of separation allowed the mares time to heal after sustaining superficial bite wounds. On 26 March 2003, the male (890293) was started on altrenogest at a dosage of 19.8 mg orally once daily to allow reintroduction. The dosage was doubled (40 mg once a day) because of a perceived lack of response. Reintroduction to the mares occurred on 17 May 2003 with no signs of aggression noted. Treatment was reduced to 19.8 mg orally once a day and then discontinued. Altrenogest was restarted at 39.5 mg orally once a day because of the planned introduction of a new mare. There have been no major aggressive displays at this dosage of altrenogest and the dosage has recently been reduced following successful introduction of a new mare.
	Address	University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Street, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1042-7260	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17312816			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1772
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	Author	Elhay, M.; Newbold, A.; Britton, A.; Turley, P.; Dowsett, K.; Walker, J.
	Title	Suppression of behavioural and physiological oestrus in the mare by vaccination against GnRH			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2007	Publication	Australian Veterinary Journal	Abbreviated Journal	Aust Vet J
	Volume	85	Issue	1-2	Pages	39-45
	Keywords	Animals; Antibodies/blood; Estradiol/blood; Estrus/drug effects/physiology; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/immunology/pharmacology; Horses/physiology; Luteinizing Hormone/blood; Ovulation/*drug effects/physiology; Progesterone/blood; Safety; Sexual Behavior, Animal/drug effects/physiology; Time Factors; Vaccination/veterinary
	Abstract	OBJECTIVE: To examine the immunogenicity of an equine immunocontraceptive vaccine and its efficacy in controlling hormone-related behaviour. DESIGN: A total of 24 mares at two sites in Australia were vaccinated with an immunocontraceptive vaccine comprising gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) conjugated to a carrier protein in immunostimulating complex as an adjuvant. Twelve animals at each site received a placebo of adjuvant alone and served as controls for seasonal oestrus, hormonal and behaviour patterns. Animals were observed for injection site reactions, ovarian and follicular activity, and serum levels of antibody, 17beta-oestradiol and progesterone in the weeks following vaccination. Mares were also examined for oestrous behaviour by teasing with a stallion. RESULTS: All mares responded to vaccination. Two weeks following the second vaccination there was a peak in antibody response to GnRH that declined gradually over the following weeks. Commensurate with the elevated anti-GnRH antibody there was a marked effect on ovarian activity with a reduction in 17beta-oestradiol and progesterone levels in the 24 vaccinated mares. There was also a reduction of oestrus-related behaviour as determined by a teaser stallion. This effect lasted a minimum of 3 months and correlated with the initial level of antibody response. CONCLUSION: Following a conventional two-dose immunisation regime this commercially available equine immunocontraceptive vaccine was effective at inhibiting oestrous behaviour for at least 3 months. This vaccine has a high level of safety since there were no significant local reactions nor were there any adverse systemic responses to vaccination.
	Address	Veterinary Medicines Research and Development, Pfizer Animal Health, Parkville, VIC 3052. Martin.Elhay@pfizer.com
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0005-0423	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:17300452			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1831
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	Author	Hubbell, J.A.E.; Muir, W.W.
	Title	Antagonism of detomidine sedation in the horse using intravenous tolazoline or atipamezole			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Equine Veterinary Journal	Abbreviated Journal	Equine Vet J
	Volume	38	Issue	3	Pages	238-241
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal/drug effects/physiology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Horses/physiology; Hypnotics and Sedatives/antagonists & inhibitors; Imidazoles/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology; Infusions, Intravenous/veterinary; Kinetics; Safety; Tolazoline/*pharmacology; Videotape Recording
	Abstract	REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: The ability to shorten the duration of sedation would potentially improve safety and utility of detomidine. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of tolazoline and atipamezole after detomidine sedation. HYPOTHESIS: Administration of tolazoline or atipamezole would not affect detomidine sedation. METHODS: In a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, descriptive study, detomidine (0.02 mg/kg bwt i.v.) was administered to 6 mature horses on 4 separate occasions. Twenty-five mins later, each horse received one of 4 treatments: Group 1 saline (0.9% i.v.) as a placebo control; Group 2 atipamezole (0.05 mg/kg bwt i.v.); Group 3 atipamezole (0.1 mg/kg bwt i.v.); and Group 4 tolazoline (4.0 mg/kg bwt i.v.). Sedation, muscle relaxation and ataxia were scored by 3 independent observers at 9 time points. Horses were led through an obstacle course at 7 time points. Course completion time was recorded and the ability of the horse to traverse the course was scored by 3 independent observers. Horses were videotaped before, during and after each trip through the obstacle course. RESULTS: Atipamezole and tolazoline administration incompletely antagonised the effects of detomidine, but the time course to recovery was shortened. CONCLUSIONS AND POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Single bolus administration of atipamezole or tolazoline produced partial reversal of detomidine sedation and may be useful for minimising detomidine sedation.
	Address	Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, 601 Tharp Street, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0425-1644	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16706278			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	1869
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