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| Author | Bergstrom, C.T.; Lachmann, M. | ||||
| Title | Signaling among relatives. III. Talk is cheap | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume | 95 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 5100-5105 |
| Keywords | Animal Communication; Animals; Costs and Cost Analysis; *Evolution; Interpersonal Relations; Models, Biological | ||||
| Abstract | The Sir Philip Sidney game has been used by numerous authors to show how signal cost can facilitate honest signaling among relatives. Here, we demonstrate that, in this game, honest cost-free signals are possible as well, under very general conditions. Moreover, these cost-free signals are better for all participants than the previously explored alternatives. Recent empirical evidence suggests that begging is energetically inexpensive for nestling birds; this finding led some researchers to question the applicability of the costly signaling framework to nestling begging. Our results show that cost-free or inexpensive signals, as observed empirically, fall within the framework of signaling theory. | ||||
| Address | Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. carl@charles.stanford.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0027-8424 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:9560235 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 561 | ||
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| Author | Grosenick, L.; Clement, T.S.; Fernald, R.D. | ||||
| Title | Fish can infer social rank by observation alone | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Nature |
| Volume | 445 | Issue | 7126 | Pages | 429-432 |
| Keywords | Aggression/physiology; Animals; Cognition/*physiology; Female; Fishes/*physiology; Learning/*physiology; Male; Models, Biological; *Social Dominance; Territoriality | ||||
| Abstract | Transitive inference (TI) involves using known relationships to deduce unknown ones (for example, using A > B and B > C to infer A > C), and is thus essential to logical reasoning. First described as a developmental milestone in children, TI has since been reported in nonhuman primates, rats and birds. Still, how animals acquire and represent transitive relationships and why such abilities might have evolved remain open problems. Here we show that male fish (Astatotilapia burtoni) can successfully make inferences on a hierarchy implied by pairwise fights between rival males. These fish learned the implied hierarchy vicariously (as 'bystanders'), by watching fights between rivals arranged around them in separate tank units. Our findings show that fish use TI when trained on socially relevant stimuli, and that they can make such inferences by using indirect information alone. Further, these bystanders seem to have both spatial and featural representations related to rival abilities, which they can use to make correct inferences depending on what kind of information is available to them. Beyond extending TI to fish and experimentally demonstrating indirect TI learning in animals, these results indicate that a universal mechanism underlying TI is unlikely. Rather, animals probably use multiple domain-specific representations adapted to different social and ecological pressures that they encounter during the course of their natural lives. | ||||
| Address | Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA. logang@stanford.edu | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1476-4687 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:17251980 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 600 | ||
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| Author | Izar, P.; Ferreira, R.G.; Sato, T. | ||||
| Title | Describing the organization of dominance relationships by dominance-directed tree method | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | American journal of primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Primatol. |
| Volume | 68 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 189-207 |
| Keywords | Animals; Cebus/physiology; *Models, Biological; *Social Dominance | ||||
| Abstract | Methods to describe dominance hierarchies are a key tool in primatology studies. Most current methods are appropriate for analyzing linear and near-linear hierarchies; however, more complex structures are common in primate groups. We propose a method termed “dominance-directed tree.” This method is based on graph theory and set theory to analyze dominance relationships in social groups. The method constructs a transitive matrix by imposing transitivity to the dominance matrix and produces a graphical representation of the dominance relationships, which allows an easy visualization of the hierarchical position of the individuals, or subsets of individuals. The method is also able to detect partial and complete hierarchies, and to describe situations in which hierarchical and nonhierarchical principles operate. To illustrate the method, we apply a dominance tree analysis to artificial data and empirical data from a group of Cebus apella. | ||||
| Address | Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. patrizar@usp.br | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0275-2565 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:16429416 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 723 | ||
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| Author | Hamilton, W.D. | ||||
| Title | Geometry for the selfish herd | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Journal of theoretical biology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Theor. Biol. |
| Volume | 31 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 295-311 |
| Keywords | Animals; Anura; *Behavior, Animal; Breeding; Communication; Evolution; Fear; Metallurgy; *Models, Biological; Probability; Snakes; *Spatial Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | This paper presents an antithesis to the view that gregarious behaviour is evolved through benefits to the population or species. Following Galton (1871) and Williams (1964) gregarious behaviour is considered as a form of cover-seeking in which each animal tries to reduce its chance of being caught by a predator. It is easy to see how pruning of marginal individuals can maintain centripetal instincts in already gregarious species; some evidence that marginal pruning actually occurs is summarized. Besides this, simply defined models are used to show that even in non-gregarious species selection is likely to favour individuals who stay close to others. Although not universal or unipotent, cover-seeking is a widespread and important element in animal aggregation, as the literature shows. Neglect of the idea has probably followed from a general disbelief that evolution can be dysgenic for a species. Nevertheless, selection theory provides no support for such disbelief in the case of species with outbreeding or unsubdivided populations. The model for two dimensions involves a complex problem in geometrical probability which has relevance also in metallurgy and communication science. Some empirical data on this, gathered from random number plots, is presented as of possible heuristic value. |
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0022-5193 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:5104951 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 771 | ||
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| Author | Biro, D.; Sumpter, D.J.T.; Meade, J.; Guilford, T. | ||||
| Title | From Compromise to Leadership in Pigeon Homing | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Current Biology | Abbreviated Journal | Curr Biol |
| Volume | 16 | Issue | 21 | Pages | 2123-2128 |
| Keywords | Animal Migration; Animals; Columbidae/*physiology; Decision Making; *Flight, Animal; *Homing Behavior; Models, Biological; Orientation; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance | ||||
| Abstract | Summary A central problem faced by animals traveling in groups is how navigational decisions by group members are integrated, especially when members cannot assess which individuals are best informed or have conflicting information or interests , , , and . Pigeons are now known to recapitulate faithfully their individually distinct habitual routes home , and , and this provides a novel paradigm for investigating collective decisions during flight under varying levels of interindividual conflict. Using high-precision GPS tracking of pairs of pigeons, we found that if conflict between two birds' directional preferences was small, individuals averaged their routes, whereas if conflict rose over a critical threshold, either the pair split or one of the birds became the leader. Modeling such paired decision-making showed that both outcomes--compromise and leadership--could emerge from the same set of simple behavioral rules. Pairs also navigated more efficiently than did the individuals of which they were composed, even though leadership was not necessarily assumed by the more efficient bird. In the context of mass migration of birds and other animals, our results imply that simple self-organizing rules can produce behaviors that improve accuracy in decision-making and thus benefit individuals traveling in groups , and . | ||||
| Address | Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, United Kingdom. daro.biro@zoo.ox.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | Englisch | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0960-9822 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17084696 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 2026 | |||
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| Author | Uehara, T.; Yokomizo, H.; Iwasa, Y. | ||||
| Title | Mate-choice copying as Bayesian decision making | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | The American naturalist | Abbreviated Journal | Am Nat |
| Volume | 165 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 403-410 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Bayes Theorem; *Choice Behavior; Female; Male; *Models, Biological; *Sexual Behavior, Animal | ||||
| Abstract | Mate-choice copying by females has been reported in fishes (e.g., guppies) and lekking birds. Presumably, females assess males' quality using both information from direct observation of males and information acquired by observing other females' choices. Here, we study mathematically the conditions under which mate-choice copying is advantageous on the basis of Bayesian decision theory. A female may observe the mate choice of another female, called the model female, who has performed an optimal choice based on her own judgment. The conditions required for the focal female to choose the same mate as that chosen by the model female should depend on the male's appearance to her, the reliability of her own judgment of male quality, and the reliability of the model females. When three or more females are involved, the optimal mate choice critically depends on whether multiple model females make decisions independently or they themselves copy the choices of others. If two equally reliable females choose different males, the choice of the second female, made knowing the choice of the first, should have a stronger effect on the choice of the third (focal) female. This “last-choice precedence” should be tested experimentally. | ||||
| Address | Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan. uehara@bio-math.biology.kyushu-u.ac.jp | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 1537-5323 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15729669 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1821 | |||
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| Author | Rosa, P.A.J.; Azevedo, A.M.; Aires-Barros, M.R. | ||||
| Title | Application of central composite design to the optimisation of aqueous two-phase extraction of human antibodies | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2007 | Publication | Journal of Chromatography. A | Abbreviated Journal | J Chromatogr A |
| Volume | 1141 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 50-60 |
| Keywords | Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antibodies/*chemistry/*isolation & purification; Buffers; Chemical Fractionation/*methods; Horses; Humans; Hydrophobicity; Isoelectric Point; Models, Biological; Molecular Weight; Myoglobin/chemistry/isolation & purification; Osmolar Concentration; Phase Transition; Polyethylene Glycols; Serum Albumin/chemistry/isolation & purification; Sodium Chloride | ||||
| Abstract | The partition of human antibodies in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and phosphate was systematically studied using first pure proteins systems and then an artificial mixture of proteins containing 1mg/ml human immunoglobulin G (IgG), 10mg/ml serum albumin and 2mg/ml myoglobin. Preliminary results obtained using pure proteins systems indicated that the PEG molecular weight and concentration, the pH value and the salts concentration had a pronounced effect on the partitioning behaviour of all proteins. For high ionic strengths and pH values higher than the isoelectric point (pI) of the contaminant proteins, IgG could be selectively recovered on the top phase. According to these results, a face centred composite design was performed in order to optimise the purification of IgG from the mixture of proteins. The optimal conditions for the isolation of IgG were observed for high concentrations of NaCl and low concentrations of both phase forming components. The best purification was achieved using an ATPS containing 8% (w/w) PEG 3350, 10% (w/w) phosphate pH 6 and 15% (w/w) NaCl. A recovery yield of 101+/-7%, a purity of 99+/-0% and a yield of native IgG of 97+/-4% were obtained. Back extraction studies of IgG to a new phosphate phase were performed and higher yields were obtained using 10% phosphate buffer at pH 6. The total extraction yield was 76% and the purity 100%. | ||||
| Address | IBB Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological and Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Tecnico, Av Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal | ||||
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| ISSN | 0021-9673 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:17196214 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1842 | |||
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| Author | Tobin, T.; Combie, J.D. | ||||
| Title | Performance testing in horses: a review of the role of simple behavioral models in the design of performance experiments | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1982 | Publication | Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics | Abbreviated Journal | J Vet Pharmacol Ther |
| Volume | 5 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 105-118 |
| Keywords | Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology; Animals; Apomorphine/pharmacology; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fentanyl/pharmacology; Horses/*physiology; Methylphenidate/pharmacology; *Models, Biological; Motor Activity/drug effects | ||||
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| ISSN | 0140-7783 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:6125601 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1957 | ||
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| Author | Dubois, F.; Giraldeau, L.-A.; Hamilton, I.M.; Grant, J.W.A.; Lefebvre, L. | ||||
| Title | Distraction sneakers decrease the expected level of aggression within groups: a game-theoretic model | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | The American Naturalist | Abbreviated Journal | Am Nat |
| Volume | 164 | Issue | 2 | Pages | E32-45 |
| Keywords | *Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Columbidae/*physiology; Competitive Behavior; Cooperative Behavior; *Game Theory; Hawks/*physiology; Models, Biological | ||||
| Abstract | Hawk-dove games have been extensively used to predict the conditions under which group-living animals should defend their resources against potential usurpers. Typically, game-theoretic models on aggression consider that resource defense may entail energetic and injury costs. However, intruders may also take advantage of owners who are busy fighting to sneak access to unguarded resources, imposing thereby an additional cost on the use of the escalated hawk strategy. In this article we modify the two-strategy hawk-dove game into a three-strategy hawk-dove-sneaker game that incorporates a distraction-sneaking tactic, allowing us to explore its consequences on the expected level of aggression within groups. Our model predicts a lower proportion of hawks and hence lower frequencies of aggressive interactions within groups than do previous two-strategy hawk-dove games. The extent to which distraction sneakers decrease the frequency of aggression within groups, however, depends on whether they search only for opportunities to join resources uncovered by other group members or for both unchallenged resources and opportunities to usurp. | ||||
| Address | Departement des Sciences Biologiques, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Case postale 8888 Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada. frede_dubois@yahoo.fr | ||||
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| ISSN | 1537-5323 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:15278850 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 2130 | |||
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| Author | Dubois, F.; Giraldeau, L.-A. | ||||
| Title | The forager's dilemma: food sharing and food defense as risk-sensitive foraging options | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2003 | Publication | The American Naturalist | Abbreviated Journal | Am Nat |
| Volume | 162 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 768-779 |
| Keywords | Animals; Competitive Behavior/*physiology; *Environment; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; *Game Theory; *Models, Biological; Population Density; Population Dynamics | ||||
| Abstract | Although many variants of the hawk-dove game predict the frequency at which group foraging animals should compete aggressively, none of them can explain why a large number of group foraging animals share food clumps without any overt aggression. One reason for this shortcoming is that hawk-dove games typically consider only a single contest, while most group foraging situations involve opponents that interact repeatedly over discovered food clumps. The present iterated hawk-dove game predicts that in situations that are analogous to a prisoner's dilemma, animals should share the resources without aggression, provided that the number of simultaneously available food clumps is sufficiently large and the number of competitors is relatively small. However, given that the expected gain of an aggressive animal is more variable than the gain expected by nonaggressive individuals, the predicted effect of the number of food items in a clump-clump richness-depends on whether only the mean or both the mean and variability associated with payoffs are considered. More precisely, the deterministic game predicts that aggression should increase with clump richness, whereas the stochastic risk-sensitive game predicts that the frequency of encounters resulting in aggression should peak at intermediate clump richnesses or decrease with increasing clump richness if animals show sensitivity to the variance or coefficient of variation, respectively. | ||||
| Address | Departement des Sciences Biologiques, Universite du Quebec a Montreal, Case postale 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3P8, Canada. fdubois@u-bourgogne.fr | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0003-0147 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:14737714 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 2132 | |||
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