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Author (up) Alexander, F.; Horner, M.W.; Moss, M.S.
Title The salivary secretion and clearance in the horse of chloral hydrate and its metabolites Type Journal Article
Year 1967 Publication Biochemical pharmacology Abbreviated Journal Biochem Pharmacol
Volume 16 Issue 7 Pages 1305-1311
Keywords Animals; Chloral Hydrate/blood/*metabolism/urine; Chromatography, Gas; Ethanol/blood/urine; Horses; Male; Parotid Gland/metabolism; Saliva/*analysis; Trichloroacetic Acid/blood/urine
Abstract
Address
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0006-2952 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:6053598 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 118
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Author (up) Alexander, F.; Nicholson, J.D.
Title The blood and saliva clearances of phenobarbitone and pentobarbitone in the horse Type Journal Article
Year 1968 Publication Biochemical pharmacology Abbreviated Journal Biochem Pharmacol
Volume 17 Issue 2 Pages 203-210
Keywords Animals; Female; *Horses; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Pentobarbital/blood/*metabolism; Phenobarbital/blood/*metabolism; Protein Binding; *Saliva; Time Factors
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0006-2952 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:5647047 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 117
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Author (up) Altmann, H.J.; Weik, H.
Title [Serum fatty acid patterns of phospholipid fractions in horses] Type Journal Article
Year 1971 Publication Zeitschrift fur Tierphysiologie, Tierernahrung und Futtermittelkunde Abbreviated Journal Z Tierphysiol Tierernahr Futtermittelkd
Volume 28 Issue 5 Pages 285-288
Keywords Animals; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Fatty Acids/*blood; *Horses; Male; Phospholipids/*blood
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Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language German Summary Language Original Title Fettsaurenmuster der Phospholipidfraktionen im plasma des Pferdes
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0044-3565 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:5141052 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 133
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Author (up) Amdam, G.V.; Csondes, A.; Fondrk, M.K.; Page, R.E.J.
Title Complex social behaviour derived from maternal reproductive traits Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 439 Issue 7072 Pages 76-78
Keywords Aging/physiology; Animals; Bees/*physiology; *Evolution; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; Female; Infertility, Female; Maternal Behavior/*physiology; Ovary/physiology; Pollen/metabolism; Reproduction/*physiology; *Social Behavior
Abstract A fundamental goal of sociobiology is to explain how complex social behaviour evolves, especially in social insects, the exemplars of social living. Although still the subject of much controversy, recent theoretical explanations have focused on the evolutionary origins of worker behaviour (assistance from daughters that remain in the nest and help their mother to reproduce) through expression of maternal care behaviour towards siblings. A key prediction of this evolutionary model is that traits involved in maternal care have been co-opted through heterochronous expression of maternal genes to result in sib-care, the hallmark of highly evolved social life in insects. A coupling of maternal behaviour to reproductive status evolved in solitary insects, and was a ready substrate for the evolution of worker-containing societies. Here we show that division of foraging labour among worker honey bees (Apis mellifera) is linked to the reproductive status of facultatively sterile females. We thereby identify the evolutionary origin of a widely expressed social-insect behavioural syndrome, and provide a direct demonstration of how variation in maternal reproductive traits gives rise to complex social behaviour in non-reproductive helpers.
Address Arizona State University, School of Life Sciences, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA. Gro.Amdam@asu.edu
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1476-4687 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:16397498 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 531
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Author (up) Anderson, J.R.
Title Self-recognition in dolphins: credible cetaceans; compromised criteria, controls, and conclusions Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication Consciousness and Cognition Abbreviated Journal Conscious Cogn
Volume 4 Issue 2 Pages 239-243
Keywords Animal Communication; Animals; *Awareness; Discrimination Learning; Dolphins/*psychology; Female; Male; Orientation; *Self Concept; Social Behavior; *Television; *Visual Perception
Abstract
Address Laboratoire de Psychophysiologie, CNRS URA 1295, Universite Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 1053-8100 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:8521263 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4163
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Author (up) Anderson, J.R.; Kuwahata, H.; Fujita, K.
Title Gaze alternation during “pointing” by squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus)? Type Journal Article
Year 2007 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal Anim. Cogn.
Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 267-271
Keywords *Animal Communication; Animals; *Attention; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Cues; Female; Humans; *Learning; Male; Saimiri/*physiology
Abstract Gaze alternation (GA) is considered a hallmark of pointing in human infants, a sign of intentionality underlying the gesture. GA has occasionally been observed in great apes, and reported only anecdotally in a few monkeys. Three squirrel monkeys that had previously learned to reach toward out-of-reach food in the presence of a human partner were videotaped while the latter visually attended to the food, a distractor object, or the ceiling. Frame-by-frame video analysis revealed that, especially when reaching toward the food, the monkeys rapidly and repeatedly switched between looking at the partner's face and the food. This type of GA suggests that the monkeys were communicating with the partner. However, the monkeys' behavior was not influenced by changes in the partner's focus of attention.
Address Department of Psychology, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, Scotland, UK. jra1@stir.ac.uk
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1435-9448 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:17242934 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2424
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Author (up) Andrew, R.J.
Title Changes in visual responsiveness following intercollicular lesions and their effects on avoidance and attack Type Journal Article
Year 1974 Publication Brain, Behavior and Evolution Abbreviated Journal Brain Behav Evol
Volume 10 Issue 4-5 Pages 400-424
Keywords Animals; Chickens; Humans; Male; Mutism; Superior Colliculi/*physiology; Tectum Mesencephali; Testosterone; Visual Fields; Vocalization, Animal
Abstract In the normal chick, conspicuous visual stimuli induce targetting and pecking together, with vocalization. All three are abolished by lesion of the intercollicular area (ICo) or of connections passing through its medial margin. After such lesions, chicks also cease to treat significant visual stimuli as if they were startling and exciting, and may delay response as a result. However, they are still able to recognise, orient accurately to, and respond appropriately to, a variety of complex visual stimuli (e.g. food grains, copulation object). In addition, they are little affected by strange surroundings. Lesion evidence suggests the mammalian subcollicular area to have similar functions to the ICo and to be homologous with it. A route (present in bird), which is well-known in mammals for its association with threat, defense and escape evoked by strange and frightening objects (amygdala-diencephalic periventricular system-central mesencephalic grey, A-DPS-CMG) is stimuli via the 2 ICo (subcollicular area). Two different mechanisms may be involved caudal to the ICo. One consists of tectal afferents which might modulate the evocation of targetting, pecking and other responses via the tectum. The other is the predorsal system of tectal efferents which may mediate such responses. Classical syndromes of tameness and unresponsiveness produced by various interruptions of the A-DPS-CMG route may depend on interruption of connections to these midbrain mechanisms. Attack is depressed by ICo lesions as one aspect of reduced responsiveness to conspicuous and startling visual stimuli. Avoidance, which is apparently mediated by a separate system, much as in Anura, is facilitated.
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ISSN 0006-8977 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:1169102 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4626
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Author (up) Andrews, F.M.; Ralston, S.L.; Sommardahl, C.S.; Maykuth, P.L.; Green, E.M.; White, S.L.; Williamson, L.H.; Holmes, C.A.; Geiser, D.R.
Title Weight, water, and cation losses in horses competing in a three-day event Type Journal Article
Year 1994 Publication Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association Abbreviated Journal J Am Vet Med Assoc
Volume 205 Issue 5 Pages 721-724
Keywords Animals; Body Water/*metabolism; Body Weight/*physiology; Exertion/*physiology; Female; Horses/blood/*metabolism; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology; Physical Endurance/physiology; Potassium/*blood; Sodium/*blood
Abstract Body weight of 48 horses competing in a 3-day event was measured the day before the event (baseline), following the dressage phase of the event (day 1), after the endurance phases of the event (day 2), and 18 to 24 hours after the endurance phases (day 3). Plasma sodium and potassium concentrations were measured the evening before, immediately after, and 10 minutes after the endurance phases. Total body water, water loss, and net exchangeable cation loss were then calculated. Body weight and total body water were significantly decreased, compared with baseline values, at all times during the event, and significant water loss was detected. The largest changes were recorded after the endurance phases of the event. Water deficits were still detected 18 to 24 hours after the endurance phases of the event. Mean plasma sodium concentration was significantly increased immediately after the endurance phases of the event, compared with concentration measured the evening before, and remained increased after the 10-minute recovery period, presumably because of dehydration. Mean plasma potassium concentration was significantly increased immediately after the endurance phases of the event, compared with concentration measured the evening before, but was not increased after the 10-minute recovery period.
Address Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37901-1071
Corporate Author Thesis
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-1488 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:7989242 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3745
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Author (up) Arnold, K.; Zuberbuhler, K.
Title Language evolution: semantic combinations in primate calls Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 441 Issue 7091 Pages 303
Keywords Animal Migration; Animals; Eagles/physiology; *Evolution; Female; Haplorhini/*physiology; Male; Predatory Behavior; *Semantics; *Vocalization, Animal
Abstract Syntax sets human language apart from other natural communication systems, although its evolutionary origins are obscure. Here we show that free-ranging putty-nosed monkeys combine two vocalizations into different call sequences that are linked to specific external events, such as the presence of a predator and the imminent movement of the group. Our findings indicate that non-human primates can combine calls into higher-order sequences that have a particular meaning.
Address School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9JP, UK
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 1476-4687 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:16710411 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 354
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Author (up) Arnold, W.; Ruf, T.; Kuntz, R.
Title Seasonal adjustment of energy budget in a large wild mammal, the Przewalski horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) II. Energy expenditure Type Journal Article
Year 2006 Publication The Journal of experimental biology Abbreviated Journal J Exp Biol
Volume 209 Issue Pt 22 Pages 4566-4573
Keywords Animals; Animals, Wild/*physiology; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Eating; *Energy Metabolism; Female; Heart Rate; Horses/*physiology; Male; Motor Activity; Pregnancy; Reproduction; *Seasons
Abstract Many large mammals show pronounced seasonal fluctuations of metabolic rate (MR). It has been argued, based on studies in ruminants, that this variation merely results from different levels of locomotor activity (LA), and heat increment of feeding (HI). However, a recent study in red deer (Cervus elaphus) identified a previously unknown mechanism in ungulates--nocturnal hypometabolism--that contributed significantly to reduced energy expenditure, mainly during late winter. The relative contribution of these different mechanisms to seasonal adjustments of MR is still unknown, however. Therefore, in the study presented here we quantified for the first time the independent contribution of thermoregulation, LA and HI to heart rate (f(H)) as a measure of MR in a free-roaming large ungulate, the Przewalski horse or Takhi (Equus ferus przewalskii Poljakow). f(H) varied periodically throughout the year with a twofold increase from a mean of 44 beats min(-1) during December and January to a spring peak of 89 beats min(-1) at the beginning of May. LA increased from 23% per day during December and January to a mean level of 53% per day during May, and declined again thereafter. Daily mean subcutaneous body temperature (T(s)) declined continuously during winter and reached a nadir at the beginning of April (annual range was 5.8 degrees C), well after the annual low of air temperature and LA. Lower T(s) during winter contributed considerably to the reduction in f(H). In addition to thermoregulation, f(H) was affected by reproduction, LA, HI and unexplained seasonal variation, presumably reflecting to some degree changes in organ mass. The observed phase relations of seasonal changes indicate that energy expenditure was not a consequence of energy uptake but is under endogenous control, preparing the organism well in advance of seasonal energetic demands.
Address Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Savoyenstrasse 1, 1160 Vienna, Austria. walter.arnold@vu-wien.ac.at
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0022-0949 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes PMID:17079726 Approved no
Call Number Serial 1782
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