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Author |
Brannon, E.M.; Terrace, H.S. |
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Title |
Ordering of the numerosities 1 to 9 by monkeys |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
282 |
Issue |
5389 |
Pages |
746-749 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Discrimination (Psychology); Macaca mulatta/*psychology; *Mathematics; *Mental Processes |
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Abstract |
A fundamental question in cognitive science is whether animals can represent numerosity (a property of a stimulus that is defined by the number of discriminable elements it contains) and use numerical representations computationally. Here, it was shown that rhesus monkeys represent the numerosity of visual stimuli and detect their ordinal disparity. Two monkeys were first trained to respond to exemplars of the numerosities 1 to 4 in an ascending numerical order (1 --> 2 --> 3 --> 4). As a control for non-numerical cues, exemplars were varied with respect to size, shape, and color. The monkeys were later tested, without reward, on their ability to order stimulus pairs composed of the novel numerosities 5 to 9. Both monkeys responded in an ascending order to the novel numerosities. These results show that rhesus monkeys represent the numerosities 1 to 9 on an ordinal scale. |
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Department of Psychology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. liz@psych.columbia.edu |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:9784133 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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606 |
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Author |
Cook, M.; Mineka, S.; Wolkenstein, B.; Laitsch, K. |
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Title |
Observational conditioning of snake fear in unrelated rhesus monkeys |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Journal of abnormal psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Abnorm Psychol |
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Volume |
94 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
591-610 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Conditioning, Classical; *Fear; Female; Macaca mulatta; Male; Snakes |
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0021-843X |
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PMID:4078162 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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707 |
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Author |
Brennan, J.; Anderson, J. |
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Title |
Varying responses to feeding competition in a group of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
353-360 |
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Keywords |
Macaca mulatta – Dominance – Feeding – Agonistic behaviour – Snakes |
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Abstract |
The behaviour of members of a group of rhesus monkeys was observed in experimentally created, competitive feeding situations. Socially dominant members of the group tended to start eating before lower-ranking subjects, and generally ate more. Dominants sometimes used aggression to control access to food, but overall, intermediate-ranking monkeys were involved in most agonistic episodes. Non-dominant subjects improved their feeding performance when food was presented in three piles rather than one pile, often by snatching food and consuming it away from the pile. These general patterns were less evident when realistic snake models were placed on some of the food piles. Feeding was disrupted by the presence of snakes, but notably, subordinates risked feeding in these conditions. Piles containing preferred foods and snakes were eaten from, but a low-preference food (carrot) under snakes went untouched by all subjects. The results suggest that group-members evaluate potential risks and benefits of competing for a restricted resource, and that dominance status, while an important factor, is only one element in the equation. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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809 |
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Author |
Hopkins, W.D.; Washburn, D.A. |
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Title |
Matching visual stimuli on the basis of global and local features by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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Volume |
5 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
27-31 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Discrimination Learning; Facial Expression; Female; Macaca mulatta/physiology/*psychology; Male; Pan troglodytes/physiology/*psychology; Perceptual Masking; Social Perception; Visual Perception/*physiology |
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Abstract |
This study was designed to examine whether chimpanzees and monkeys exhibit a global-to-local precedence in the processing of hierarchically organized compound stimuli, as has been reported for humans. Subjects were tested using a sequential matching-to-sample paradigm using stimuli that differed on the basis of their global configuration or local elements, or on both perceptual attributes. Although both species were able to discriminate stimuli on the basis of their global configuration or local elements, the chimpanzees exhibited a global-to-local processing strategy, whereas the rhesus monkeys exhibited a local-to-global processing strategy. The results suggest that perceptual and attentional mechanisms underlying information-processing strategies may account for differences in learning by primates. |
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Department of Psychology, Berry College, Mount Berry, GA 30149, USA. whopkins@berry.edu |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:11957399 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2613 |
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Author |
Gomez, J.-C. |
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Title |
Species comparative studies and cognitive development |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Trends in Cognitive Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Cognit. Sci. |
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Volume |
9 |
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3 |
Pages |
118-125 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Attention/physiology; Brain/*growth & development; Child, Preschool; Cognition/*physiology; Concept Formation/physiology; Dogs; Evolution; Fixation, Ocular; Gorilla gorilla; Humans; Infant; Learning/*physiology; Macaca mulatta; Mental Recall/physiology; Personal Construct Theory; Psychomotor Performance/physiology; Species Specificity |
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The comparative study of infant development and animal cognition brings to cognitive science the promise of insights into the nature and origins of cognitive skills. In this article, I review a recent wave of comparative studies conducted with similar methodologies and similar theoretical frameworks on how two core components of human cognition--object permanence and gaze following--develop in different species. These comparative findings call for an integration of current competing accounts of developmental change. They further suggest that evolution has produced developmental devices capable at the same time of preserving core adaptive components, and opening themselves up to further adaptive change, not only in interaction with the external environment, but also in interaction with other co-developing cognitive systems. |
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Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY15 9JU, UK |
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1364-6613 |
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PMID:15737820 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2851 |
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Author |
Neumann, C.; Duboscq, J.; Dubuc, C.; Ginting, A.; Irwan, A.M.; Agil, M.; Widdig, A.; Engelhardt, A. |
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Title |
Assessing dominance hierarchies: validation and advantages of progressive evaluation with Elo-rating |
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Journal Article |
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2011 |
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Animal Behaviour |
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82 |
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4 |
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911-921 |
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David’s score; dominance hierarchy; dominance rank; Elo-rating; hierarchy stability; I&Si; Macaca mulatta; Macaca nigra; methodology |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5677 |
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