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	Author	Mori, U.
	Title	Ecological and sociological studies of gelada baboons. Inter-unit relationships			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1979	Publication	Contributions to Primatology	Abbreviated Journal	Contrib Primatol
	Volume	16	Issue		Pages	83-92
	Keywords	Animals; Female; Haplorhini; Leadership; Sex Factors; Social Behavior; Social Distance; *Theropithecus
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0301-4231	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:101344			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2047
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	Author	Mori, U.
	Title	Ecological and sociological studies of gelada baboons. Unit formation and the emergence of a new leader			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1979	Publication	Contributions to Primatology	Abbreviated Journal	Contrib Primatol
	Volume	16	Issue		Pages	155-181
	Keywords	Animals; Female; Grooming; Haplorhini; Leadership; Male; Social Behavior; Social Distance; *Theropithecus
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0301-4231	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:101335			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2048
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Saayman, G.S.
	Title	Behaviour of the adult males in a troop of free-ranging Chacma baboons (Papio ursinus)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1971	Publication	Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology	Abbreviated Journal	Folia Primatol (Basel)
	Volume	15	Issue	1	Pages	36-57
	Keywords	Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; Grooming; Haplorhini; Homing Behavior; Humans; Leadership; Male; Papio; Pregnancy; Sex Factors; *Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Dominance
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0015-5713	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:5003339			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2053
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Menzel, E.W.J.
	Title	Communication about the environment in a group of young chimpanzees			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1971	Publication	Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology	Abbreviated Journal	Folia Primatol (Basel)
	Volume	15	Issue	3	Pages	220-232
	Keywords	Animal Communication; Animals; Environment; Fear; Leadership; Pan troglodytes; Problem Solving; Social Behavior; Species Specificity; Vocalization, Animal
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0015-5713	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:5120654			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4184
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	Author	De Cremer, D.; van Dijk, E.
	Title	Leader--Follower Effects in Resource Dilemmas: The Roles of Leadership Selection and Social Responsibility			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2008	Publication	Group Processes Intergroup Relations	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue	3	Pages	355-369
	Keywords	followers, leadership selection, resource allocations, resource dilemmas, social responsibility
	Abstract	Previous research on the allocation of scarce resources shows that when people are assigned labels of leader or follower in their group, leaders allocate more of the scarce resources to themselves than followers do. In three laboratory studies, we examine the idea that how people are selected for the leader role (i.e. election or appointment) determines whether leaders take more or equal shares (relative to followers) from a common resource. In a first experiment, we show that participants were more accepting of norm violating behavior by an appointed versus elected leader. In a second experiment, we show that when participants were assigned to a leader or follower role, allocations of appointed leaders differed significantly from those of elected leaders and followers, whereas there was no difference between the two latter conditions. Moreover, elected leaders were shown to feel more social responsibility than both appointed leaders and followers. In a final experiment, we show that when participants were primed with the concept of social responsibility (relative to a neutral condition) no difference in allocations between appointed and elected leaders emerged.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4805
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Alexander, B.K.; Bowers, J.M.
	Title	Social organization of a troop of Japanese monkeys in a two-acre enclosure			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1969	Publication	Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology	Abbreviated Journal	Folia Primatol (Basel)
	Volume	10	Issue	3	Pages	230-242
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal; Haplorhini; Leadership; *Social Behavior
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0015-5713	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:4976202			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2055
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	Author	Kawamura, S.
	Title	Aggression as studied in troops of Japanese monkeys			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1967	Publication	UCLA Forum in Medical Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	UCLA Forum Med Sci
	Volume	7	Issue		Pages	195-223
	Keywords	Aggression; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Defense Mechanisms; Female; Haplorhini; Homosexuality; Humans; Japan; Leadership; Male; Play and Playthings; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Behavior; Socialization
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0082-7134	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:4972333			Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2056
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	Author	Krause Hoare; Hemelrijk; Rubenstein
	Title	Leadership in fish shoals			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Fish and Fisheries	Abbreviated Journal	Fish Fish
	Volume	1	Issue		Pages	82-89
	Keywords	directional locomotion; fish schools; front fish; nutritional state; schooling; shoal leadership; swimming direction
	Abstract	Leadership is not an inherent quality of animal groups that show directional locomotion. However, there are other factors that may be responsible for the occurrence of leadership in fish shoals, such as individual differences in nutritional state between group members. It appears that front fish have a strong influence on directional shoal movements and that individuals that occupy such positions are often characterised by larger body lengths and lower nutritional state. Potential interactions between the two factors and their importance for positioning within shoals need further attention. Initiation of directional movement in stationary shoals and position preferences in mobile shoals need to be addressed separately because they are potentially subject to different constraints. Individuals that initiate a swimming direction may not necessarily be capable of the sustained high swimming performance required to keep the front position or have the motivation to do so, for that matter. More empirical and theoretical work is necessary to look at the factors controlling positioning behaviour within shoals, as well as overall shoal shape and structure. Tracking of marked individuals whose positioning behaviour is monitored over extended time periods of hours or days would be useful. There is an indication that shoal positions are rotated by individuals according to their nutritional needs, with hungry fish occupying front positions only for as long as necessary to regain their nutritional balance. This suggests that shoal members effectively take turns at being leaders. There is a need for three-dimensional recordings of shoaling behaviour using high-speed video systems that allow a detailed analysis of information transfer in shoals of different size. The relationship between leadership and shoal size might provide an interesting field for future research. Most studies to date have been restricted to shoals of small and medium size and more information on larger shoals would be useful.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number				Serial	2067
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	Author	Feist, J.D.; McCullough, D.R.
	Title	Reproduction in feral horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1975	Publication	Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement	Abbreviated Journal	J Reprod Fertil Suppl
	Volume		Issue	23	Pages	13-18
	Keywords	Age Factors; Animals; Female; Horses/physiology; Leadership; Male; Maternal Behavior; Population; Reproduction; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Social Dominance; Sucking Behavior
	Abstract	A behavioural study of feral horses was conducted on the Pryor Mountain Wild Horse Range in the western United States. All 270 horses on the Range were identified individually. The sex ratio was nearly balanced. Foal to adult female ratio was 43-2:100. Morality was concentrated among foals and old horses. Horses were organized as forty-four harem groups each with a dominant stallion, one to two immature stallions, one to three immature mares, one to three adult mares and their yearling and foal offspring, and 23 bachelor groups of one to eight stallions. Harem groups were quite stable year-round because of dominance and leadership by the stallions and group fidelity by mares and their offsring. Most changes occurred during the breeding season and involved immature females. Defeat of dominant stallions was infrequent. Immature males were tolerated because of their submissive behaviour. Bachelor stallion groups were inherently unstable. Mares came into heat after foaling in May/June, and were mated by harem stallions only.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0449-3087	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:1060766			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	1964
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	Author	McVey, A.; Wilkinson, A.; Mills, D.S.
	Title	Social learning in horses: the effect of using a group leader demonstrator on the performance of familiar conspecifics in a detour task			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Applied Animal Behaviour Science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Equine; Imitation; Leader; Social facilitation; Social learning
	Abstract	Learning through the observation of others allows the transfer of information without the costs incurred during individual trial and error learning. Horses (Equus caballus) are a highly social species, which might be expected to be capable of learning from others, but experimental findings are inconsistent, and potentially confounded by social facilitation effects not related directly to the learning of the task. We refined the methods used in previous equine social learning studies, to examine and distinguish specific social influences on learning of a task: we used predefined group leaders rather than agonistically dominant individuals to demonstrate a detour task to familiar conspecific observers; in addition we had two control groups: a non-observer (true control) and a group with the demonstrator simply present at the goal (social facilitation control). 44 socially kept horses were allocated to one of the three test conditions and took part in five trials each. Success rate, latency and detour direction were recorded. There was no significant difference between the three groups in the likelihood of them succeeding in the task nor latency to succeed; however there was a significant difference in the route chosen by the groups, with the true control choosing the side with the entrance gate significantly more than either the observer group or social facilitation group. Both of the latter two groups chose to go in the same direction relative to themselves, regardless of which side the gate was. Seven out of nine horses in the observer group chose the same direction as their demonstrator every time. Our results show a significant role of social facilitation on detour behaviour and highlight the importance of including adequate controls for simpler cognitive influences on behaviour before claims can be made about the specific learning of motor actions or goal directed behaviour. Social cues may be important to horses if the task is sufficiently challenging and motivationally important, so future work should consider more demanding, but ecologically relevant situations, in order to maximise the potential revelation of social learning effects which do not depend on simple local or stimulus enhancement effects.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0168-1591	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6395
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