| Records |
| Author |
Thornton, A.; McAuliffe, K. |
| Title |
Teaching in wild meerkats |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume  |
313 |
Issue |
5784 |
Pages |
227-229 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Animals, Wild/psychology; Behavior, Animal; *Herpestidae/psychology; *Learning; *Predatory Behavior; South Africa; *Teaching; Vocalization, Animal |
| Abstract |
Despite the obvious benefits of directed mechanisms that facilitate the efficient transfer of skills, there is little critical evidence for teaching in nonhuman animals. Using observational and experimental data, we show that wild meerkats (Suricata suricatta) teach pups prey-handling skills by providing them with opportunities to interact with live prey. In response to changing pup begging calls, helpers alter their prey-provisioning methods as pups grow older, thus accelerating learning without the use of complex cognition. The lack of evidence for teaching in species other than humans may reflect problems in producing unequivocal support for the occurrence of teaching, rather than the absence of teaching. |
| Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. jant2@cam.ac.uk |
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English |
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1095-9203 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16840701 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2834 |
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| Author |
Mulcahy, N.J.; Call, J. |
| Title |
Apes save tools for future use |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
312 |
Issue |
5776 |
Pages |
1038-1040 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Association Learning; *Cognition; *Evolution; *Mental Processes; *Pan paniscus; Pan troglodytes; *Pongo pygmaeus |
| Abstract |
Planning for future needs, not just current ones, is one of the most formidable human cognitive achievements. Whether this skill is a uniquely human adaptation is a controversial issue. In a study we conducted, bonobos and orangutans selected, transported, and saved appropriate tools above baseline levels to use them 1 hour later (experiment 1). Experiment 2 extended these results to a 14-hour delay between collecting and using the tools. Experiment 3 showed that seeing the apparatus during tool selection was not necessary to succeed. These findings suggest that the precursor skills for planning for the future evolved in great apes before 14 million years ago, when all extant great ape species shared a common ancestor. |
| Address |
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany |
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English |
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1095-9203 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16709782 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
466 |
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| Author |
Pennisi, E. |
| Title |
Animal cognition. Social animals prove their smarts |
Type |
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| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
312 |
Issue |
5781 |
Pages |
1734-1738 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Birds; *Cognition; Comprehension; Cues; Food; Hominidae/*psychology; *Intelligence; Learning; Memory; *Social Behavior |
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1095-9203 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16794055 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2836 |
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| Author |
Blaisdell, A.P.; Sawa, K.; Leising, K.J.; Waldmann, M.R. |
| Title |
Causal reasoning in rats |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
311 |
Issue |
5763 |
Pages |
1020-1022 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Association Learning; Bayes Theorem; *Cognition; Comprehension; Forecasting; Male; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans |
| Abstract |
Empirical research with nonhuman primates appears to support the view that causal reasoning is a key cognitive faculty that divides humans from animals. The claim is that animals approximate causal learning using associative processes. The present results cast doubt on that conclusion. Rats made causal inferences in a basic task that taps into core features of causal reasoning without requiring complex physical knowledge. They derived predictions of the outcomes of interventions after passive observational learning of different kinds of causal models. These competencies cannot be explained by current associative theories but are consistent with causal Bayes net theories. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. blaisdell@psych.ucla.edu |
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English |
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1095-9203 |
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| Notes |
PMID:16484500 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
154 |
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| Author |
Subiaul, F.; Cantlon, J.F.; Holloway, R.L.; Terrace, H.S. |
| Title |
Cognitive imitation in rhesus macaques |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
305 |
Issue |
5682 |
Pages |
407-410 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Cognition; *Imitative Behavior; *Learning; Macaca mulatta/*physiology/psychology; Male |
| Abstract |
Experiments on imitation typically evaluate a student's ability to copy some feature of an expert's motor behavior. Here, we describe a type of observational learning in which a student copies a cognitive rule rather than a specific motor action. Two rhesus macaques were trained to respond, in a prescribed order, to different sets of photographs that were displayed on a touch-sensitive monitor. Because the position of the photographs varied randomly from trial to trial, sequences could not be learned by motor imitation. Both monkeys learned new sequences more rapidly after observing an expert execute those sequences than when they had to learn new sequences entirely by trial and error. |
| Address |
Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA. subiaul@aol.com |
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English |
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1095-9203 |
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| Notes |
PMID:15256673 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2839 |
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| Author |
Bloom, P. |
| Title |
Behavior. Can a dog learn a word? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
304 |
Issue |
5677 |
Pages |
1605-1606 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; *Dogs; Humans; *Learning; *Memory; *Vocabulary |
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| Address |
Department of Psychology, Yale University, Post Office Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, USA. paul.bloom@yale.edu |
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English |
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1095-9203 |
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| Notes |
PMID:15192205 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
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Serial |
28 |
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| Author |
Crook, J.H. |
| Title |
On attributing consciousness to animals |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1983 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
303 |
Issue |
5912 |
Pages |
11-14 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; *Consciousness; Evolution; Learning |
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English |
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0028-0836 |
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| Notes |
PMID:6843653 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2795 |
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| Author |
Rizzolatti, G.; Fogassi, L.; Gallese, V. |
| Title |
Mirrors of the mind |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Scientific American |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Am |
| Volume |
295 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
54-61 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Brain/*physiology; Cognition/*physiology; Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology; Emotions/physiology; Humans; Imitative Behavior; Learning/*physiology; Mental Processes/*physiology; Motor Activity/physiology; Neurons/physiology; Recognition (Psychology); Sensation/physiology |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
Neurosciences Department, University of Parma, Italy |
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English |
Summary Language |
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| ISSN |
0036-8733 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:17076084 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2829 |
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| Author |
Leadbeater, E. |
| Title |
What evolves in the evolution of social learning? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Journal of Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Zool |
| Volume |
295 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
4-11 |
| Keywords |
social learning; associative learning; social information use |
| Abstract |
Social learning is fundamental to social life across the animal kingdom, but we still know little about how natural selection has shaped social learning abilities on a proximate level. Sometimes, complex social learning phenomena can be entirely explained by Pavlovian processes that have little to do with the evolution of sociality. This implies that the ability to learn socially could be an exaptation, not an adaptation, to social life but not that social learning abilities have been left untouched by natural selection. I discuss new empirical evidence for associative learning in social information use, explain how natural selection might facilitate the associative learning process and discuss why such studies are changing the way that we think about social learning. |
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Edition |
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1469-7998 |
ISBN |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6015 |
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| Author |
Van Schaik, C. |
| Title |
Why are some animals so smart? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Scientific American |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Am |
| Volume |
294 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
64-71 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; Conditioning (Psychology); Culture; Environment; Equipment and Supplies; Evolution; Indonesia; *Intelligence; Learning; Pongo pygmaeus/*physiology; Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
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| Address |
Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Switzerland |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0036-8733 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:16596881 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2830 |
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