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Author | Levin, L.E.; Grillet, M.E. | ||||
Title | [Diversified leadership: a social solution of problems in schools of fish] | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | Acta Cientifica Venezolana | Abbreviated Journal | Acta Cient Venez |
Volume | 39 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 175-180 |
Keywords | Animals; Fishes; *Leadership; Reversal Learning/*physiology; *Social Behavior | ||||
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Language | Spanish | Summary Language | Original Title | Liderazgo diversificado: una solucion social de problemas en el cardumen | |
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ISSN | 0001-5504 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:3251383 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Serial | 2045 | |||
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Author | Broucek, J., Uhrincat, M., Kišac, P., Hanus, A.. | ||||
Title | Hair Whorl Position as a Predictor of Learning Ability and Locomotor Behavior in Cattle? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2004 | Publication | ACTA VETERINARIA BRUNENSIS | Abbreviated Journal | ACTA VET. BRNO |
Volume | 73 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 455-459 |
Keywords | Cattle, hair whorl, reversal learning, open-field | ||||
Abstract | The aim of our work was to investigate the hypothesis that the speed of solving the maze tests and locomotor behavior of heifers in open-field tests are affected by the height location of facial whorl. Fifty-eight Holstein heifers were used. Maze learning was observed at the age of 15 weeks, and an open-field test was applied at two ages, 16 weeks and 18 months. Whorl placement was recorded by one person as each heifer entered the scale. The hair whorl position was determined on the basis of two patterns: A) hair whorl high, middle and low and B) hair whorl high and low. Heifers with a high hair whorl were the fastest (77.8 ± 84.3 s) and heifers with a middle hair whorl the slowest (87.3 ± 100.3 s) in the A pattern during the maze tests. In the B whorl pattern, heifers with a high hair whorl ran across the maze in 84.5 ± 95.2 s and heifers with a low hair whorl in 84.1 ± 97.9 s. The number of crossed squares in a 5-minute open-field test in the A pattern was the non-significantly highest in heifers with a high hair whorl (43.4) at the age of 16 weeks. In the B whorl pattern, heifers with a high hair whorl were also more mobile, but neither differences in individual minutes nor in the whole 5 minutes were significant. Heifers with a high hair whorl displayed the strongest locomotory behavior (37.6 squares) and heifers with a low hair whorl (30.8) were the slowest in the A pattern at the age of 18 months. The differences were not significant. In the B whorl pattern, heifers with a high hair whorl crossed more squares, but the difference was not significant in comparison with heifers with a low hair whorl. We found that the time of traversing the maze and the locomotor activity in open-field test may not be influenced in the dairy cattle by the height facial whorl position |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4321 | ||
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Author | Rogers, A.R. | ||||
Title | Does Biology Constrain Culture? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1988 | Publication | American Anthropologist | Abbreviated Journal | Am Anthropol |
Volume | 90 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 819-831 |
Keywords | models, learning, evolution, culture, fitness, adaptive, environment, human, natural selection, behavior | ||||
Abstract | Most social scientists would agree that the capacity for human culture was probably fashioned by natural selection, but they disagree about the implications of this supposition. Some believe that natural selection imposes important constraints on the ways in which culture can vary, while others believe that any such constraints must be negligible. This article employs a “thought experiment” to demonstrate that neither of these positions can be justified by appeal to general properties of culture or of evolution. Natural selection can produce mechanisms of cultural transmission that are neither adaptive nor consistent with the predictions of acultural evolutionary models (those ignoring cultural evolution). On the other hand, natural selection can also produce mechanisms of cultural transmission that are highly consistent with acultural models. Thus, neither side of the sociobiology debate is justified in dismissing the arguments of the other. Natural selection may impose significant constraints on some human behaviors, but negligible constraints on others. Models of simultaneous genetic/cultural evolution will be useful in identifying domains in which acultural evolutionary models are, and are not, likely to be useful. | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ citeulike:907484 | Serial | 4199 | ||
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Author | de Waal, F.B.; Seres, M. | ||||
Title | Propagation of handclasp grooming among captive chimpanzees | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | American journal of primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Primatol. |
Volume | 43 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 339-346 |
Keywords | Animals; Family Relations; Female; *Grooming; Learning; Male; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; *Social Behavior | ||||
Abstract | A grooming posture previously reported for two wild chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) communities developed spontaneously in a captive group of the same species. This offered a unique opportunity to follow the propagation of a new social custom. The posture consists of two partners grasping hands--either both right hands or both left hands--and raising the arms in an A-frame above their heads while mutually grooming with their free hands. The propagation of this pattern was followed over a 5 year period. In the beginning, handclasps were always initiated by the same adult female. This female initiated the posture mainly with her adult female kin. In subsequent years, these relatives became frequent participants in the posture with each other as well as with nonrelatives. Over the years the posture increased in frequency and duration and spread to the majority of adults and also to a few adolescents and older juveniles. The pattern persisted after removal of the apparent originator. | ||||
Address | Yerkes Primate Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. dewaal@emory.edu | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0275-2565 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:9403098 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 202 | ||
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Author | Coleman, K.; Tully, L.A.; McMillan, J.L. | ||||
Title | Temperament correlates with training success in adult rhesus macaques | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2005 | Publication | American journal of primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Primatol. |
Volume | 65 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 63-71 |
Keywords | Animals; Female; *Inhibition (Psychology); *Learning; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; *Reinforcement (Psychology); *Temperament | ||||
Abstract | In recent years there has been a marked increase in awareness of issues involving the psychological well-being of nonhuman primates (NHPs) used in biomedical research. As a result, many facilities are starting to train primates to voluntarily cooperate with veterinary, husbandry, and research procedures, such as remaining still for blood draws or injections. Such training generally reduces the stress associated with these procedures, resulting in calmer animals and, ultimately, better research models. However, such training requires great investments in time, and there can be vast individual differences in training success. Some animals learn tasks quickly, while others make slower progress in training. In this study, we examined whether temperament, as measured by response to a novel food object, correlated with the amount of time it took to train 20 adult female rhesus macaques to perform a simple task. The monkeys were categorized as “exploratory” (i.e., inspected a novel object placed in the home cage within 10 sec), “moderate” (i.e., inspected the object within 10-180 sec), or “inhibited” (i.e., did not inspect the object within 3 min). We utilized positive reinforcement techniques to train the monkeys to touch a target (PVC pipe shaped like an elbow) hung on their cage. Temperament correlated with training success in this study (Pearson chi2=7.22, df=2, P=0.03). We easily trained over 75% of the animals that inspected the novel food (i.e., exploratory or moderate individuals) to touch the target. However, only 22% of the inhibited monkeys performed the task. By knowing which animals may not respond to conventional training methods, we may be able to develop alternate training techniques to address their specific needs. In addition, these results will allow us to screen monkeys to be assigned to research projects in which they will be trained, with the goal of obtaining the best candidates for those studies. | ||||
Address | Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA. colemank@ohsu.edu | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0275-2565 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:15645460 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4112 | ||
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Author | Schwartz, B.L.; Evans, S. | ||||
Title | Episodic memory in primates | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2001 | Publication | American journal of primatology | Abbreviated Journal | Am. J. Primatol. |
Volume | 55 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 71-85 |
Keywords | Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Discrimination Learning; Hominidae/*psychology; Humans; *Memory; Self Concept | ||||
Abstract | Episodic memory refers to a system of memory with the capacity to recollect specific events from an individual's life. Some psychologists have suggested that episodic memory is a uniquely human phenomenon. We challenge that idea and present evidence that great apes and other primates may possess episodic-like memory. We review criteria developed to assess episodic-like memory in nonhumans, and how they apply to primates. In particular, we discuss the criteria of Clayton et al. [2001], who stated that episodic-like memory is based on the retrieval of multiple and integrated components of an event. We then review eight studies examining memory in great apes and apply the Clayton et al. criteria to each of them. We summarize the evidence that is compatible with the existence of episodic-like memory, although none of the data completely satisfy the Clayton et al. criteria. Morover, feelings of pastness and feelings of confidence, which mark episodic memory in humans, have not been empirically addressed in nonhuman primates. Future studies should be directed at these aspects of memory in primates. We speculate on the functional significance of episodic memory in nonhuman primates. | ||||
Address | Dept of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA. SchwartB@fiu.edu | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0275-2565 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | PMID:11668526 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4115 | ||
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Author | Burla, J.-B.; Siegwart, J.; Nawroth, C. | ||||
Title | Human Demonstration Does Not Facilitate the Performance of Horses (Equus caballus) in a Spatial Problem-Solving Task | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | Animal | Abbreviated Journal | Animal |
Volume | 8 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 96 |
Keywords | detour task; equids; social cognition; social learning; spatial cognition | ||||
Abstract | Horses’ ability to adapt to new environments and to acquire new information plays an important role in handling and training. Social learning in particular would be very adaptive for horses as it enables them to flexibly adjust to new environments. In the context of horse handling, social learning from humans has been rarely investigated but could help to facilitate management practices. We assessed the impact of human demonstration on the spatial problem-solving abilities of horses during a detour task. In this task, a bucket with a food reward was placed behind a double-detour barrier and 16 horses were allocated to two test groups of 8 horses each. One group received a human demonstration of how to solve the spatial task while the other group received no demonstration. We found that horses did not solve the detour task more often or faster with human demonstration. However, both test groups improved rapidly over trials. Our results suggest that horses prefer to use individual rather than social information when solving a spatial problem-solving task | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6392 | ||
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Author | Dawson, B.V.; Foss, B.M. | ||||
Title | Observational learning in budgerigars | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1965 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 470-474 |
Keywords | Animals; *Attention; *Behavior, Animal; Birds; *Learning | ||||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2991 | ||
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Author | Sankey, C.; Richard-Yris, M.-A.; Leroy, H.; Henry, S.; Hausberger, M. | ||||
Title | Positive interactions lead to lasting positive memories in horses, Equus caballus | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2010 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 79 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 869-875 |
Keywords | Equus caballus; horse; human–animal relationship; learning; memory; positive interaction; social cognition | ||||
Abstract | Social relationships are important in social species. These relationships, based on repeated interactions, define each partner's expectations during the following encounters. The creation of a relationship implies high social cognitive abilities which require that each partner is able to associate the positive or negative content of an interaction with a specific partner and to recall this association. In this study, we tested the effects of repeated interactions on the memory kept by 23 young horses about humans, after 6 and 8 months of separation. The association of a reward with a learning task in an interactional context induced positive reactions towards humans during training. It also increased contact and interest, not only just after training, but also several months later, despite no further interaction with humans. In addition, this ‘positive memory’ of humans extended to novel persons. Overall, positive reinforcement enhanced learning and memorization of the task itself. These findings suggest remarkable social cognitive abilities that can be transposed from intraspecific to interspecific social contexts. | ||||
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ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5418 | ||
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Author | Boogert, N.J.; Reader, S.M.; Hoppitt, W.; Laland, K.N. | ||||
Title | The origin and spread of innovations in starlings | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2008 | Publication | Animal Behaviour | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Behav. |
Volume | 75 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 1509-1518 |
Keywords | diffusion dynamics; dominance; foraging; group; innovation; neophobia; social learning; social network; starling; Sturnus vulgaris | ||||
Abstract | There are numerous reports of novel learned behaviour patterns in animal populations, yet the factors influencing the invention and spread of these innovations remain poorly understood. Here we investigated to what extent the pattern of spread of innovations in captive groups of starlings, Sturnus vulgaris, could be predicted by knowledge of individual and social group variables, including association patterns, social rank orders, measures of neophobia and asocial learning performance. We presented small groups of starlings with a series of novel extractive foraging tasks and recorded the latency for each bird to contact and solve each task, as well as the orders of contacting and solving. We then explored which variables best predicted the observed diffusion patterns. Object neophobia and social rank measures characterized who was the first of the group to contact the novel foraging tasks, and the subsequent spread of contacting tasks was associated with latency to feed in a novel environment. Asocial learning performance, measured in isolation, predicted who was the first solver of the novel foraging tasks in each group. Association patterns did not predict the spread of solving. Contact latency and solving duration were negatively correlated, consistent with social learning underlying the spread of solving. Our findings indicate that we can improve our understanding of the diffusion dynamics of innovations in animal groups by investigating group-dependent and individual variables in combination. We introduce novel methods for exploring predictors of the origin and spread of behavioural innovations that could be widely applied. | ||||
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ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6036 | ||
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