| Records |
Author  |
Grubb, T.L.; Foreman, J.H.; Benson, G.J.; Thurmon, J.C.; Tranquilli, W.J.; Constable, P.D.; Olson, W.O.; Davis, L.E. |
| Title |
Hemodynamic effects of calcium gluconate administered to conscious horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Vet Intern Med |
| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
401-404 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Blood Pressure/drug effects/physiology; Calcium/blood; Calcium Gluconate/administration & dosage/*pharmacology; Cardiac Output/drug effects/physiology; Consciousness/*physiology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Heart Rate/drug effects/physiology; Hemodynamic Processes/*drug effects/physiology; Horses/blood/*physiology; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects/physiology; Respiration/drug effects/physiology; Stroke Volume/drug effects/physiology; Time Factors |
| Abstract |
Calcium gluconate was administered to conscious horses at 3 different rates (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 mg/kg/min for 15 minutes each). Serum calcium concentrations and parameters of cardiovascular function were evaluated. All 3 calcium administration rates caused marked increases in both ionized and total calcium concentrations, cardiac index, stroke index, and cardiac contractility (dP/dtmax). Mean arterial pressure and right atrial pressure were unchanged; heart rate decreased markedly during calcium administration. Ionized calcium concentration remained between 54% and 57% of total calcium concentration throughout the study. We conclude that calcium gluconate can safely be administered to conscious horses at 0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg/min and that administration will result in improved cardiac function. |
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Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA |
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English |
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0891-6640 |
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PMID:8947873 |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
97 |
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| Author |
Gulotta, M.; Rogatsky, E.; Callender, R.H.; Dyer, R.B. |
| Title |
Primary folding dynamics of sperm whale apomyoglobin: core formation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Biophysical Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biophys J |
| Volume |
84 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1909-1918 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Apoproteins/*chemistry; Crystallography/*methods; Horses; Myocardium/chemistry; Myoglobin/*chemistry; Protein Conformation; *Protein Folding; Species Specificity; Structure-Activity Relationship; Temperature; Whales |
| Abstract |
The structure, thermodynamics, and kinetics of heat-induced unfolding of sperm whale apomyoglobin core formation have been studied. The most rudimentary core is formed at pH(*) 3.0 and up to 60 mM NaCl. Steady state for ultraviolet circular dichroism and fluorescence melting studies indicate that the core in this acid-destabilized state consists of a heterogeneous composition of structures of approximately 26 residues, two-thirds of the number involved for horse heart apomyoglobin under these conditions. Fluorescence temperature-jump relaxation studies show that there is only one process involved in Trp burial. This occurs in 20 micro s for a 7 degrees jump to 52 degrees C, which is close to the limits placed by diffusion on folding reactions. However, infrared temperature jump studies monitoring native helix burial are biexponential with times of 5 micro s and 56 micro s for a similar temperature jump. Both fluorescence and infrared fast phases are energetically favorable but the slow infrared absorbance phase is highly temperature-dependent, indicating a substantial enthalpic barrier for this process. The kinetics are best understood by a multiple-pathway kinetics model. The rapid phases likely represent direct burial of one or both of the Trp residues and parts of the G- and H-helices. We attribute the slow phase to burial and subsequent rearrangement of a misformed core or to a collapse having a high energy barrier wherein both Trps are solvent-exposed. |
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Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA. gulotta@aecom.yu.edu |
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0006-3495 |
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PMID:12609893 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3783 |
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| Author |
Güntürkün, O.; Kesch, S. |
| Title |
Visual lateralization during feeding in pigeons |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Behavioral Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Neurosci. |
| Volume |
101 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
433-435 |
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use of right vs left eye, amount & accuracy of pecking in food discrimination task, homing pigeons, implications for lateralization of cerebral function |
| Abstract |
In a quasi-natural feeding situation, adult pigeons had to detect and consume 30 food grains out of about 1,000 pebbles of similar shape, size, and color within 30 s under monocular conditions. With the right eye seeing, the animals achieved a significantly higher discrimination accuracy and, consequently, a significantly higher proportion of grains grasped than with the left eye seeing. This result supports previous demonstrations of a left-hemisphere dominance for visually guided behavior in birds. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) |
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US: American Psychological Association |
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1939-0084(Electronic);0735-7044(Print) |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1987-30501-001 |
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5588 |
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| Author |
Hausberger, M.; Muller, C. |
| Title |
A brief note on some possible factors involved in the reactions of horses to humans |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
76 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
339-344 |
| Keywords |
Horses; Aggressiveness; Behavioural reactions; Human-animal relationship |
| Abstract |
In order to investigate relationships of adult horses to humans, we developed a simple evaluation test and scores based on observations. The first reactions of 224 adult horses to the presence of an experimenter were observed and scored. All these horses belonged to the same riding school, had the same general housing conditions and were all geldings. The evaluation was based on the horse's posture. Individual differences that could be related to some extent to the breed but also to human factors emerged clearly. French saddlebreds showed more often friendly behaviour than Angloarabs, whereas thoroughbreds were more indifferent. Clear variations occurred between groups of horses that depended on different caretakers. In this school, one caretaker is responsible for the whole daily management of a group of horses and is probably a very important factor in their well-being. The effects of this daily relation to a human seemed to be involved in the reactions to a strange person. Further studies are required to investigate what, in practice, may be determinant. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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329 |
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| Author |
Hausberger, M.; Roche, H.; Henry, S.; Visser, E.K. |
| Title |
A review of the human-horse relationship |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume |
109 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1-24 |
| Keywords |
Horse-human relationship; Interaction; Handling; Management; Review |
| Abstract |
Despite a long history of human-horse relationship, horse-related incidents and accidents do occur amongst professional and non professional horse handlers. Recent studies show that their occurrence depend more on the frequency and amount of interactions with horses than on the level of competency, suggesting a strong need for specific research and training of individuals working with horses. In the present study, we review the current scientific knowledge on human-horse relationships. We distinguish here short occasional interactions with familiar or unfamiliar horses (e.g. veterinary inspection) and long-term bonds (e.g. horse-owner). An important aspect of the horse-human relationship is to try and improve the development and maintenance of a strong positive relationship. Studies show that deficits in the management conditions (housing, feeding, possibilities for social contact, and training methods) may lead to relational problems between horses and humans. Different methods have been used to assess and improve the human-horse relation, especially at the young age. They reveal that the time and type of contact all play a role, while recent studies suggest that the use of familiarized social models might be a great help through social facilitation. We argue that an important theoretical framework could be Hinde's [Hinde, R., 1979. Towards Understanding Relationships. Academic Press, Londres] definition of a relationship as an emerging bond from a series of interactions: partners have expectations on the next interaction on the basis of the previous ones. Understanding that a relationship is built up on the basis of a succession of interactions is an important step as it suggests that attention is being paid to the “positive” or “negative” valence of each interaction as a step for the next one. A better knowledge of learning rules is certainly necessary in this context not only to train the horse but also to counterbalance the unavoidable negative inputs that exist in routine procedures and reduce their impact on the relationship. It appears clearly that research is needed in order to assess how to better and safely approach the horse (e.g. research in position, posture, gaze, etc.), what type of approaches and timing may help in developing a positive bond, what influence human management and care have on the relationship, and how this can be adapted to have a positive influence on the relationship. Also the interaction between rider and horse, the search for the optimal match between two individuals, is an aspect of the horse-human relationship that requires attention in order to decrease the number of horse-riding accidents and reduced states of welfare. On the other hand, adequate knowledge is readily available that may improve the present situation rapidly. Developing awareness and attention to behavioural cues given by horses would certainly help decreasing accidents among professionals when interacting. Scientists therefore should play a major role in transmitting not only elements of the current knowledge of the ethology of the horse but also by helping developing observational skills. |
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Admin @ knut @ |
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4335 |
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Hazem, A.S. |
| Title |
[Collective review: Salmonella paratyphi in animals and in the environment] |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1978 |
Publication |
DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
| Volume |
85 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
296-303 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Domestic; Animals, Wild; Bird Diseases/epidemiology; Brachyura; Cat Diseases/epidemiology; Cats; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology; Dog Diseases/epidemiology; Dogs; Ecology; Environment; Fish Diseases/epidemiology; Germany, West; Horse Diseases/epidemiology; Horses; Mollusca; Poultry Diseases/epidemiology; Salmonella Infections, Animal/*epidemiology; *Salmonella paratyphi A; Sheep; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology; Snails; Swine; Swine Diseases/epidemiology |
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German |
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Sammelreferat: Salmonella paratyphi bei Tieren und in der Umwelt |
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0341-6593 |
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PMID:352661 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2698 |
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Hebenbrock, M.; Due, M.; Holzhausen, H.; Sass, A.; Stadler, P.; Ellendorff, F. |
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A new tool to monitor training and performance of sport horses using global positioning system (GPS) with integrated GSM capabilities |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
DTW. Deutsche Tierarztliche Wochenschrift |
Abbreviated Journal |
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr |
| Volume |
112 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
262-265 |
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Animals; Heart Rate; Horses/*physiology; *Physical Conditioning, Animal; Population Surveillance; *Satellite Communications; Telemetry/methods/*veterinary |
| Abstract |
Global Positioning Systems (GPS) are considered suitable to monitor the position and velocity of horses during cross-country competition or in training. Furthermore, simultaneous recording of life data such as heart rate could be useful to assess the horse's condition during exercise. To test the suitability and reliability of a commercially available GPS system with integrated heart rate recording system and with built in GSM for data transmission, the Fidelak Equipilot Type EP-2003-15/G-2.11 (EP-15/G) was evaluated first for reliability of pulse recording from a pulse generator within the physiological range of horses; furthermore distance, velocity and heart rate recordings were carried out on a standard 1000 m field track with five repetitions. Agreement (% deviation from actually measured distance and from stopwatch-distance based velocity calculations) and variability (Coefficient of Variation for distance, velocity, heart rate) were calculated. From the results it was safe to assume that the heart rate sensor recorded horse heart rates at a high degree of accuracy. Overall distances and velocities are in high agreement with actually measured values. However, overall variability expressed in terms of relative variability (C.V.) is smaller for distance recording (C.V. 0.68%) when compared to velocity (C.V. 1.01%). The system tested is suitable and reliable for simultaneously recording of distance, velocity and heart rates for horses during cross country exercise. GPS-based monitoring of movement along with simultaneous recording of physiological data and the possibility to call upon data will not only be of benefit for training horses or for surveillance during competition, it may also be suitable for distant patient monitoring and in behavioural studies as well as in veterinary medicine in general. |
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Institute for Animal Breeding Mariensee, Federal Agricultural Research Centre (FAL), Neustadt, Germany |
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0341-6593 |
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PMID:16124700 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4035 |
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Heitor, F.; do Mar Oom, M.; Vicente, L. |
| Title |
Social relationships in a herd of Sorraia horses: Part II. Factors affecting affiliative relationships and sexual behaviours |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
| Volume |
73 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
231-239 |
| Keywords |
Horse; Equus; Affiliative relationship; Rank; Kinship; Aggressiveness |
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The influence of age, dominance rank, kinship and aggressiveness over affiliative relationships and sexual behaviours were analysed in a herd of Sorraia horses, Equus caballus, kept under extensive management. Subjects were 10 adult mares 5-18 years old that had known each other since birth, and a stallion introduced into the group for breeding for the first time. Kinship coefficient and dominance rank were the most important factors affecting affiliative relationships. Bonds were reciprocal and stronger among mares with higher kinship. Mares spent more time in proximity to close-ranking and lower-ranking females. Mares with stronger affiliative relationships or higher relatedness were not less aggressive towards each other. Affiliative relationships between the stallion and the mares were not reciprocal: lower-ranking mares formed stronger bonds with the stallion but he preferred the less genetically related mares for proximity. However, the stallion was involved in sexual behaviours more frequently with the mares that were more genetically related to him. These results suggest that kinship beyond close relatives may affect affiliative relationships both among familiar and among unfamiliar horses. However, the influence of kinship does not imply that horses possess a kin recognition system and alternative explanations are discussed. |
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462 |
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Heitor, F.; Vicente, L. |
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Dominance relationships and patterns of aggression in a bachelor group of Sorraia horses (Equus caballus) |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethol. |
| Volume |
28 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
35-44 |
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Horse – Equus – Dominance relationship – Rank – Agonistic interaction |
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Abstract The influence of individual factors on dominance rank and the relationship between rank distance and patterns of aggression predicted by models of evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) of animal conflict were investigated in a managed bachelor group of Sorraia horses, Equus caballus. The group was composed of four to six stallions 3- to 12-years-old during the study period. The dominance hierarchy was significantly linear and rank was not related to age, weight, height or aggressiveness. Frequency and intensity of agonistic interactions were low, but higher-ranking stallions did not receive lower aggressiveness than lower-ranking stallions. There was some evidence that dominance relationships were more contested among close-ranking stallions, as predicted. Agonistic-related interactions among close-ranking stallions served similar functions to those among distant-ranking stallions, but the latter interacted more frequently than expected for access to resting sites and/or resting partners. Therefore, we found some evidence that agonistic-related interactions among distant-ranking stallions play a larger role in providing access to valuable and defendable resources than those among close-ranking stallions. Nevertheless, the fact that space to escape from aggression was limited and breeding access was independent from dominance rank may have reduced the benefits relative to costs of aggression and therefore limited the occurrence of contests over dominance and resources. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5099 |
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Heitor, F.; Vicente, L. |
| Title |
Affiliative relationships among Sorraia mares: influence of age, dominance, kinship and reproductive state |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethol. |
| Volume |
28 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
133-140 |
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Sorraia horse – Affiliative relationship – Dominance – Kinship – Reproductive state |
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Abstract Affiliative relationships among mares were examined in a managed group of Sorraia horses, Equus caballus, over a 3-year period. We assessed the influence of age, dominance, kinship and reproductive state on the strength of affiliative relationships and diversity of partners. The herd comprised 9–11 mares that had known each other since birth, their foals and a stallion that remained in the group exclusively during the breeding season. In contrast to a previous study, kinship did not significantly affect bonds. Mares tended to spend more time in proximity to those in the same reproductive state. Affiliative relationships among mares were relatively stable but their strength decreased after foaling, possibly as a function of foal protection and bonding between dam and foal. There was no consistent evidence that mares disengaged from affiliative relationships with increasing age. As expected, dominant mares and barren mares contributed the most to affiliative relationships. Dominance rank increased with age, but dominance relationships were stable and did not change after foaling. Overall, reproductive state was the factor that had the most consistent influence on affiliative relationships among Sorraia mares. |
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